Violence in context: Mapping the strategies and operational art of irregular warfare

Reference list

• Abrahms, M. (2006). Why terrorism does not work. International Security, 31(2), 42–78. doi: 10.1162/isec.2006.31.2.42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alschuler, L. R. (2014). The Chiapas rebellion: An analysis according to the structural theory of revolution. Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe, 10(2). Retrieved from http://eial.tau.ac.il/index.php/eial/article/view/1010
   Google Scholar
• Andrade, D. (2008). Westmoreland was right: Learning the wrong lessons from the Vietnam war. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 19, 145–181. doi: 10.1080/09592310802061349
   Google Scholar
• Arias, E. D., & Rodrigues, C. D. (2006). The myth of personal security: Criminal gangs, dispute resolution, and identity in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas. Latin American Politics & Society, 48(4), 53–81. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2006.tb00365.x doi: 10.1353/lap.2006.0041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage, R. L., & Nye, J. S. (2007). A smarter, more secure America. CSIS Commission on Smart Power. Washington, DC: CSIS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arquilla, J., & Ronfeldt, D. F. (1996). The advent of Netwar. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
   Google Scholar
• Auerswald, D. P., & Saideman, S. M. (2014). NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting together, fighting alone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blaufarb, D. S. (1977). The counterinsurgency Era: U.S. Doctrine and performance – 1950 to present. New York, NY: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bob, C. (2005). The marketing of rebellion: Insurgents, media, and international activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Builder, C. H. (1989). The masks of war: American military styles in strategy and analysis. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buley, B. (2008). The New American way of war: Military culture and the political utility of force. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, G. W. (2001, February 13). Remarks to the troops at Norfolk Naval air station in Norfolk, Virginia. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved from: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=45992
   Google Scholar
• Byman, D. (2008). Iran, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31, 169–181. doi: 10.1080/10576100701878424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, R. M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American peacekeeping doctrine and practice after the cold war. Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Clausewitz, C. von. (1989). On War. M. E. Howard & P. Paret (Eds.), First paperback printing. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, J. J. (2015). Initial planning and execution in Afghanistan and Iraq. In R. D. Hooker & J. J. Collins (Eds.), Lessons encountered: Learning from the long war (pp. 21–88). Washington, DC: National Defense University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D. (2006). Social movements, political violence, and the State: A comparative analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dowdney, L. (2003). Children of the drug trade: A case study of Children in organised armed violence in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras.
   Google Scholar
• Eakin, H. (2017, January 19). The Swedish Kings of Cyberwar. The New York Review of Books. Retrieved from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2017/01/19/the-swedish-kings-of-cyberwar/
   Google Scholar
• Editorial Board. (2017, May 29). Opinion | The groundhog day war in Afghanistan. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/opinion/afghanistan-troops-trump-taliban.html
   Google Scholar
• Fair, C. C. (2014). Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army’s Way of War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fishstein, P., & Wilder, A. (2012). Winning hearts and minds? Examining the relationship between Aid and security in Afghanistan. Medford, MA: Feinstein International Center, Tufts University. Retrieved from http://fic.tufts.edu/assets/WinningHearts-Final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Flanigan, S. T. (2006). Charity as resistance: Connections between charity, contentious politics, and terror. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29, 641–655. doi: 10.1080/10576100500522579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreign Terrorist Organizations. (n.d.). U.S. Department of State. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, L. (2011). The counterrevolution in strategic affairs. Daedalus, 140(3), 16–32. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galeotti, M. (2016). Hybrid war or Gibridnaya Voina?: Getting Russia’s non-linear military challenge right. Prague: Mayak Intelligence.
   Google Scholar
• Galula, D. (1964). Counterinsurgency warfare: Theory and practice. New York, NY: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Gardell, M. (2014). Crusader dreams: Oslo 22/7, islamophobia, and the quest for a Monocultural Europe. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26, 129–155. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2014.849930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “George F. Kennan on Organizing Political Warfare”. (1948, April 30). History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Obtained and contributed to CWIHP by A. Ross Johnson. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Retrieved from http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114320
   Google Scholar
• Gerasimov, V. (2013, March). The value of science in prediction. Military-Industrial Kurier, no. 8 (476). Retrieved from http://vpk-news.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/VPK_08_476.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. R. (2017, February 9). U.S. General Seeks “a Few Thousand” More Troops in Afghanistan. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/us-afghanistan-troops.html
   Google Scholar
• Greentree, T. (2013). Bureaucracy does its thing: US performance and the institutional dimension of strategy in Afghanistan. Journal of Strategic Studies, 36, 325–356. doi: 10.1080/01402390.2013.764518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grynkewich, A. G. (2008). Welfare as warfare: How violent non-state groups use social services to attack the state. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31, 350–370. doi: 10.1080/10576100801931321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hack, K. (2009). The Malayan emergency as counter-insurgency paradigm. Journal of Strategic Studies, 32, 383–414. doi: 10.1080/01402390902928180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammes, T. X. (2015). Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. In R. D. Hooker & J. J. Collins (Eds.), Lessons encountered: Learning from the long war (pp. 277–344). Washington, DC: National Defense University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters, Department of the Army. (2001). Field manual 3-0, operations. Washington, DC: GPO.
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters, Department of the Army. (2004). FMI [interim field manual] 3-07.22 counterinsurgency operations. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center.
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters, Department of the Army. (2011). Field manual 3-0, operations. Washington, DC: GPO.
   Google Scholar
• Hegland, C. (2007, April). Pentagon, state struggle to define nation-building roles. The National Journal.
   Google Scholar
• Higgens, A., Gordon, M. R., & Kramer, A. E. (2014, April 20). Photos Link Masked Men in East Ukraine to Russia. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/world/europe/photos-link-masked-men-in-east-ukraine-to-russia.html
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, B. (2015, March 2). Why terrorism works. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.chronicle.com/article/Why-Terrorism-Works/190353
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, F. G. (1996). Decisive force: The new American way of war. Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, F. G. (2007). Conflict in the 21st century: The rise of hybrid wars. Arlington, VA: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Joint and Coalition Operational Analysis. (2012). Decade of war, volume I: Enduring lessons from the past decade of operations. Suffolk, VA: Joint Staff J7.
   Google Scholar
• Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2017). Joint publication 5-0: Joint planning. Arlington, VA: author. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp5_0_20171606.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S. G. (2012, January 29). Al Qaeda in Iran. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2012-01-29/al-qaeda-iran
   Google Scholar
• Khalil, J. (2013). Know your enemy: On the futility of distinguishing between terrorists and insurgents. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 36, 419–430. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2013.775501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, A., & Bell, J. (2013). Muslim publics share concerns about extremist groups. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2013/09/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Extremism-Report-Final-9-10-135.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kragh, M., & Åsberg, S. (2017). Russia’s strategy for influence through public diplomacy and active measures: The Swedish case. Journal of Strategic Studies, 40, 773–816. doi: 10.1080/01402390.2016.1273830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krepinevich, A. F. Jr. (2009). The Army and Vietnam. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kydd, A. H., & Walter, B. F. (2006). The strategies of terrorism. International Security, 31(1), 49–80. doi: 10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb, C. J., & Franco, M. (2015). National-level coordination and implementation: How systems attributes trumped leadership. In R. Hooker & J. J. Collins (Eds.), Lessons encountered: Learning from the long war (pp. 165–276). Washington, DC: National University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lieven, A. (2007). Afghanistan: An unsuitable candidate for state building: Opinion. Conflict, Security & Development, 7, 483–489. doi: 10.1080/14678800701556560
   Google Scholar
• Lindholm, C., & Zúquete, J. P. (2010). The struggle for the world: Liberation movements for the 21st Century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lykke, A. (1989). Defining military strategy. Military Review, 69(5), 2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Mampilly, Z. C. (2015). Rebel rulers: Insurgent governance and civilian life during war. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mansoor, P. R. (2012). Hybrid warfare in history. In W. Murray & P. R. Mansoor (Eds.), Hybrid warfare: Fighting complex opponents from the Ancient world to the present (pp. 1–17). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, E. (2010, January). Next generation’ department of state. American Diplomacy. Retrieved from http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2010/0103/oped/op_marks.html
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (1996). Counterrevolution in China: Wang sheng and the Kuomintang. Portland, OR: Frank Cass.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2005). Counterinsurgency and operational art. Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement, 13, 168–211. doi: 10.1080/09662840600560527
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2006). Colombian military support for “democratic security”. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 17, 197–220. doi: 10.1080/09592310600563108
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2007a). Counterinsurgency in the age of globalism. Journal of Conflict Studies, 27(1), 22–29. Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/5936
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2007b). Maoist people’s war in post-Vietnam Asia. Bangkok: White Lotus.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2007c). Sri Lanka and the liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In R. J. Art & L. Richardson (Eds.), Democracy and counterterrorism: Lessons from the past (pp. 483–530). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A. (2017). Terrorism as method in Nepali Maoist insurgency, 1996–2016. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 28, 81–118. doi: 10.1080/09592318.2016.1265820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, T. A., & Brar, T. P. S. (2016). Sri Lanka: State response to the liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam as an illicit power structure. In M. Hughes & M. Miklaucic (Eds.), Impunity: Countering illicit power in war and transition (pp. 217–240). Washington, DC: Center for Complex Operations (CCO) & The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute (PKSOI).
   Google Scholar
• Mazarr, M. J. (2015). Mastering the gray zone: Understanding a changing era of conflict. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press. Retrieved from http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1303
   Google Scholar
• McMaster, H. R. (2003). Crack in the foundation defense transformation and the underlying assumption of dominant knowledge in future war. S03-03. Student Issue Paper. Center for Strategic Leadership, US Army War College. Retrieved from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA416172
   Google Scholar
• Meiser, J. W. (2016). Ends + ways + means = (bad) strategy. Parameters, 46(4), 81–91.
   Google Scholar
• Military Commissions Act of 2006. (2006, October 17). Public Law 109–366 109th Congress, § 948a.
   Google Scholar
• NATO Allies Come to Grips with Russia’s ‘Hybrid Warfare’. (2015, March 18). Agence France Presse. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/nato-allies-come-grips-russias-hybrid-warfare-182821895.html
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, P. R. (2017, June 13). Don”t follow the money. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-06-13/dont-follow-money
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noetzel, T., & Scheipers, S. (2007). Coalition warfare in Afghanistan: Burden-sharing or disunity? Briefing Paper. London: Chatham House.
   Google Scholar
• Oakley, D. P. (forthcoming). Subordinating intelligence: The DOD/CIA post-cold War relationship. Lexington, KY: Kentucky University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ospina, C., & Marks, T. A. (2014). Colombia: Changing strategy amidst the struggle. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 25, 354–371. doi: 10.1080/09592318.2014.903641
   Google Scholar
• Ospina, C. A., Marks, T. A., & Ucko, D. H. (2016). Colombia and the war-to-peace transition: Cautionary lessons from other cases. Military Review, 96(4), Retrieved from http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20160831_art010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Parker, N. (2012). The Iraq we left behind: Welcome to the world’s next failed state. Foreign Affairs, 91(2), 94–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, K. (2011). Building the base: Al Qaeda’s Focoist strategy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 34, 124–143. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2011.538832
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• President Obama: Libya Aftermath “Worst Mistake” of Presidency. (2016, April 11). BBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36013703
   Google Scholar
• Qiao, L., & Wang, X. (2002). Unrestricted warfare: China’s master plan to destroy America. Panama City: Pan American.
   Google Scholar
• Ramos da Cruz, C., & Ucko, D. H. (2018). Beyond the Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora : Countering Comando Vermelho’s criminal insurgency. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 29, 38–67. doi: 10.1080/09592318.2018.1404772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, C. (2008, February 12). Remarks on transformational diplomacy. Georgetown University. Retrieved from https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/02/100703.htm
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. Q. (2016). Need authorities for the gray zone? PRISM, 6(3), 21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Saikal, A. (2012). The UN and Afghanistan: Contentions in democratization and statebuilding. International Peacekeeping, 19, 217–234. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2012.665701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segev, T. (2015, February 25). “Anonymous Soldiers,” by Bruce Hoffman. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/01/books/review/anonymous-soldiers-by-bruce-hoffman.html
   Google Scholar
• Sewell, S. (2007). Introduction to the university of Chicago press edition: A radical field manual. In The US army/marine corps counterinsurgency field manual (pp. xxi–xliv). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, S. (2008, May 3). The price of the surge. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iraq/2008-05-03/price-surge
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, D. E., & Melgar, H. A. (2017). Bolivia, a new model insurgency for the 21st century: From Mao back to Lenin. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 28, 629–660. doi: 10.1080/09592318.2017.1307617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford CDDRL. (2014). Jailson Silva, towards a new paradigm of public policy in Rio’s Favelas. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oyl1nI1TRaA
   Google Scholar
• Stanford CDDRL. (2015). Mariano Beltrame, secretary of security, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwMvwiFX47M&feature=youtu.be
   Google Scholar
• Stapleton, B. J., & Keating, M. (2015). Military and civilian assistance to Afghanistan 2001–14: An incoherent approach. Chatham House Briefing, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Strachan, H. (2006). Making strategy: Civil–military relations after Iraq. Survival, 48(3), 59–82. doi: 10.1080/00396330600905510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhrke, A. (2008). A contradictory mission? NATO from stabilization to combat in Afghanistan. International Peacekeeping, 15, 214–236. doi: 10.1080/13533310802041477
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. P. (2013). How illicit networks impact sovereignty. In M. Miklaucic & J. Brewer (Eds.), Convergence: Illicit networks and national security in the age of globalization (pp. 171–188). Washington, DC: National Defense University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Summers, H. G. (2012). American strategy in Vietnam: A critical analysis. New York, NY: Dover. Retrieved from http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1890088
   Google Scholar
• Transcript: President Obama’s Speech on Combating ISIS. (2014, September 10). CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/10/politics/transcript-obama-syria-isis-speech/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Trump Plans 28 Percent Cut in Budget for Diplomacy, Foreign Aid. (2017, March 16). Reuters. Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-budget-state-idUSKBN16N0DQ
   Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2008). Militias, tribes and insurgents: The challenge of political reintegration in Iraq: Analysis. Conflict, Security & Development, 8, 341–373. doi: 10.1080/14678800802358171
   Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2009). The New counterinsurgency Era: Transforming the U.S. Military for modern wars. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2010a). The Malayan emergency: The legacy and relevance of a counter-insurgency success story. Defence Studies, 10, 13–39. doi: 10.1080/14702430903377944
   Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2010b). Peace-Building after Afghanistan: Between promise and peril. Contemporary Security Policy, 31, 465–485. doi: 10.1080/13523260.2010.521697
   Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2016). Can limited intervention work? Lessons from Britain’s success story in Sierra Leone. Journal of Strategic Studies, 39, 847–877. doi: 10.1080/01402390.2015.1110695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ucko, D. H. (2017). Counterinsurgency as armed reform: The political history of the Malayan emergency. Journal of Strategic Studies. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/01402390.2017.1406852
   Google Scholar
• Walzer, M. (2015). Just and unjust wars: A moral argument with historical illustrations. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Weigley, R. (1977). The American way of war: A history of United States military strategy and policy. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wieviorka, M. (1995). Terrorism in the context of academic research. In M. Crenshaw (Ed.), Terrorism in context (pp. 597–606). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wieviorka, M. (2004). The making of terrorism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Woudstra, N. (2017). Winning without killing in the South China Sea. In P. A. L. Ducheine & F. P. B. Osinga (Eds.), Winning without killing: The strategic and operational utility of non-kinetic capabilities in crises (pp. 287–300). Amsterdam: Asser Press & Springer.
   Google Scholar