Notes
- Asmus , Ronald D. , Kugler , Richard L. and Larrabee , Stephen F. 1993 . ‘Building a New NATO’ . Foreign Affairs , 72 ( 4 ) Sept.‐Oct. : 28
- Perlmutter , Amos and Carpenter , Ted Galen . 1998 . ‘NATO's Expensive Trip East: The Folly of Enlargement’ . Foreign Affairs , 77 ( 1 ) Jan.‐Feb. : 2 – 6 . In regard to the estimated financial costs of NATO enlargement, see
- Erlanger , Steven . 1997 . ‘A War of Numbers Emerges over Cost of Enlarging NATO’ . New York Times , 13 Oct.
- Mandelbaum , Michael . 1995 . ‘Preserving the New Peace: The Case against NATO Expansion’ . Foreign Affairs , 74 ( 3 ) May‐June : 9 – 13 . On how NATO enlargement might impact on Russia's domestic reform efforts, see
- Friedman , Thomas L. 1998 . ‘Madeleine's Folly’ . New York Times , 17 Feb.
- Kennan's , George F. 1997 . ‘NATO: A Fateful Error’ . New York Times , 5 Feb. widely cited piece
- Glaser , Charles L. 1993 . ‘Why NATO Is Still Best: Future Security Arrangements for Europe’ . International Security , 18 ( 1 ) Summer : 5 – 50 .
- McCalla , Robert B. 1996 . ‘NATO's Persistence after the Cold War’ . International Organization , 50 ( 3 ) Summer : 445 – 75 .
- Walt , Stephen . 1987 . The Origins of Alliances , 26 – 7 . Ithaca : Cornell University Press .
- Mearsheimer , John J. 1990 . ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War’ . International Security , 15 ( 1 ) Summer : 5 – 56 .
- Lepgold , Joseph . 1994 . “ ‘Does Europe Have a Place in U.S. Foreign Policy? A Domestic Politics Argument’ ” . In Discord and Collaboration in a New Europe: Essays in Honor of Arnold Wolfers , Edited by: Stuart , Douglas T. and Szabo , Stephen F. Washington, DC : Johns Hopkins Institute .
- Ruggie , John Gerald . 1997 . ‘The Past as Prologue? Interests, Identity, and American Foreign Policy’ . International Security , 21 ( 4 ) Spring : 89 – 125 .
- Deutsch , Karl W. 1957 . Political Community and the North Atlantic Area , 5 Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Crawford , Beverly . 1996 . ‘Explaining Defection from International Cooperation — Germany's Unilateral Recognition of Croatia’ . World Politics , 48 ( 4 ) : 482 – 521 .
- 1992 . ‘NATO's new strategic concept and command restructuring’ . International Defense Review , 25 ( 1 ) 1 Jan. : 13 On the adoption of NATO's new military policy, see
- 1971 . Essence of a Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis , Boston : Little Brown .
- Layne , Christopher . 1993 . ‘The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise’ . International Security , 17 ( 4 ) Spring : 7
- Keohane , Robert . 1989 . International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory , 101 – 2 . Boulder : Westview . For a good review of these issues, see
- Blau , Peter M. and Meyer , Marshall W. 1987 . Bureaucracy in Modern Society, , 3rd ed. , 106 – 9 . New York : Random House .
- Drozdiak , Willaim . 1991 . ‘NATO Seeks New Identity in Europe; Cooperation with East Seen Ensuring Stability’ . Washington Post , 4 Oct.
- Risse‐Kappen , Thomas . 1996 . “ ‘Collective Identity in a Democratic Community’ ” . In The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity In World Politics , Edited by: Katzenstein , Peter J. 357 – 92 . New York : Columbia University Press .
- Kant , Immanuel . 1914 . “ ‘Eternal Peace’ ” . In Eternal Peace and Other International Essays , Edited by: Hastie , W. Boston : World Peace Foundation .
- Deutsch . Political Community and the North Atlantic Area , 5
- For their valuable comments and suggestions, I thank Ashlee Bailey, Beverly Crawford, Kevin Donovan, James M. Goldgeier, Michael Gorges, Kenneth P. Miller, Kenneth N. Waltz and two anonymous reviewers. Special thanks to Richard Andreas for helpful comments on an earlier draft. The views expressed here are those of the author and do not represent the views of any organization with which the author is affiliated.