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Strategic thinking and proliferation control

Invisible weapons, visible choices: Unpacking the new deterrence

Pages 1-37 | Published online: 28 Sep 2007

Notes

  • Schell , Jonathan . 1984 . The Abolition , New York : Alfred Knopf . To gain a sense of this orientation see generally:
  • Quester , George . 1992 . Nuclear Pakistan and Nuclear India: Stable Deterrent or Proliferation Challenge? , Carlisle Barracks, PA : Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College .
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  • Hagerty , Devin T. 1993 . ‘The Power of Suggestion: Opaque Proliferation, Existential Deterrence, and the South Asian Nuclear Arras Competition’ . Security Studies , 2 Spring/Summer : 256 – 83 .
  • Molander , Roger C. and Wilson , Peter A. 1993 . The Nuclear Asymptote: On Containing Nuclear Proliferation , Santa Monica, CA : Rand/UCLA Center for Soviet Studies .
  • van Creveld , Martin . 1993 . Nuclear Proliferation and the Future of Conflict , New York : The Free Press .
  • Dean , Jonathan . 1994 . ‘The Final Stage of Nuclear Arms Control’ . The Washington Quarterly , 17 Autumn : 31 – 52 .
  • Hagerty , Devin T. 1995/96 . ‘Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia: The 1990 Indo‐Pakistani Crisis’ . International Security , 20 Winter : 79 – 114 .
  • Mazarr , Michael J. Feb. 1995 . “ ‘U.S. Nuclear Policy for a Transformed World’ ” . In Paper Prepared for the International Studies Association Annual Meeting Feb. , Chicago, IL
  • Reynolds , Rosalind R. 1996 . ‘Nuclear Proliferation: The Diplomatic Role of Non‐Weaponized Programs’ , 1NSS Occasional Paper No. 7 Colorado Springs, CO : Institute for National Security Studies, US Air Force Academy .
  • Dunn , Lewis A. Winter 1991 . ‘Containing Nuclear Proliferation’ , Aldelphi Paper No. 263 Winter , London : International Institute for Strategic Studies . On settling for ambiguity see:
  • Nye , Joseph S. Jr. 1993 . “ ‘Diplomatic Measures’ ” . In New Nuclear Nations: Consequences for US Policy , Edited by: Blackwil , Robert D. and Carnesale , Albert . 77 – 96 . New York : Council on Foreign Relations Press .
  • 1994 . ‘Nuclear Nonproliferation in the Post‐Cold War Era’ . International Affairs , 70 Jan. : 17 – 39 . John Simpson regards ambiguity as a threat to the international nuclear institution, see
  • Hersch , Seymour M. 1993 . ‘On the Nuclear Edge’ . The New Yorker , 29 March : 56 – 73 .
  • Krepon , Michael and Faruqee , Mishi , eds. April 1994 . ‘Conflict Prevention and Confidence‐Building Measures in South Asia: The 1990 Crisis’ , Occasional Paper No. 17 April , Washington, DC : The Henry L. Stimson Center .
  • 1990 . ‘Opaque Nuclear Proliferation’ . Journal of Strategic Studies , 13 Sept. : 14 – 44 . Avner Cohen and Benjamin Frankel suspect that deterrence based on unseen nuclear weapons differs from normal deterrence but do not pursue the matter
  • 1973 . The Politics of Nuclear Proliferation , 210 Baltimore, MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press . In contrast, George Quester probes the issue and emerges ambivalent for several reasons. One, nuclear ambiguity and vague fears incite proliferation and prevent disarmament, see:
  • Karp , Regina Cowen , ed. 1992 . “ ‘Nuclear Proliferation and the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons’ ” . In Security Without Nuclear Weapons? , 202 – 25 . New York : Oxford University Press .
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  • Brodie , Bernard . 1976 . ‘On the Objectives of Arms Control’ . International Security , 1 Summer : 17 – 36 . Traditionally, deterrence theory presumes that obstacles to predictability undermine stability, see
  • Angeles , Peter A. 1981 . Dictionary of Philosophy , 61 – 3 . New York : Harper and Row . ‘Dialectical’ is used non‐ideologically to describe change through contradiction. See
  • Waltz , Kenneth N. 1993 . ‘The Emerging Structure of International Polities’ . International Security , 18 Fall : 44 – 79 .
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  • Schell . The Abolition , 93 – 163 .
  • Molander and Wilson . The Nuclear Asymptote , xii
  • Dean . ‘The Final Stage of Nuclear Arms Control’ , 47
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  • Subrahmanyam , K. 1993 . ‘Perkovich's Article: An Appraisal’ . Journal of the United Service Institution of India [New Delhi] , 123 Oct.‐Dec. : 493 – 95 . 493
  • Subrahmanyam . 1982 . ‘Introduction’ . Strategic Analysis [New Delhi] , 6 April‐May : 1 – 6 . On South Asia's need for a worldview of its own, see:
  • Subrahmanyam , K. , ed. 1981 . Nuclear Myths and Realities: India's Dilemma , New Delhi : ABC Publishing . The standard promotion of South Asian deterrence is
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  • Subramanian , R.R. 1989 . ‘Evolution of Nuclear Doctrines and Concepts of Deterrence’ . Strategic Analysis [New Delhi] , 12 June : 257 – 65 . For a critique of Western world views, however, see
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  • Molander , Roger C. and Wilson , Peter A. 1994 . ‘On Dealing with the Prospect of Nuclear Chaos’ . Washington Quarterly , 17 Summer : 19 – 39 . Expect the nuclear powers to resist in
  • Shastri , Ravi . 1988 . ‘Developing States and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons’ . Strategic Analysis [New Delhi] , 11 March : 1379 – 91 .
  • Brodie , Bernard , ed. 1946 . The Absolute Weapon , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press . In general, see
  • Thayer , Bradley A. 1995 . ‘The Causes of Nuclear Proliferation and the Utility of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime’ . Security Studies , 4 Spring : 463 – 519 . 517 518
  • Frankel , Francine R. , ed. 1995 . “ ‘Changing Military Equations in Asia: The Relevance of Nuclear Weapons’ ” . In Bridging the Non‐Proliferation Divide: The United States and India , 119 – 49 . 123 – 39 . Lanham, MD : University Press of America/Center for the Advanced Study of India .
  • Hagerty . ‘Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia’ , 88 Emphasis removed
  • Bundy , McGeorge . 1984 . “ ‘Existential Deterrence and its Consequences’ ” . In The Security Gamble: Deterrence Dilemmas in the Nuclear Age , Edited by: MacLean , Douglas . 3 – 13 . 8 – 9 . Totowa, NJ : Rowman and Allanhead/Maryland Studies in Public Philosophy .
  • Bundy . ‘Existential Deterrence’ , 12
  • Bundy , McGeorge , Crowe , William J. Jr. and Drell , Sidney . 1993 . Reducing Nuclear Danger: The Road Away From the Brink , New York : Council on Foreign Relations Press . Ibid., p. 11. The point on not abandoning highly sophisticated, ready nuclear weapons systems is reiterated in
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  • Majeed , Akhtar . 1990 . ‘Indian Security Perspectives in the 1990s’ . Asian Survey , 30 Nov. : 1084 – 98 . 1095
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