From Pax America to American exceptionalism, American security and beyond: U.S. Legation building in Brazil

References

• Adams, W. H. 1991. Roberto Marx: The Unnatural Art of Garden. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.
   Google Scholar
• American Embassy Association. 1910. American Embassies Mean Better Business. New York: American Embassy Association. The American Embassy Association was formed to foster Department of State building to improve the U.S.’s image abroad.
   Google Scholar
• Architects of the United Nations Headquarters: United Nations Gifts (No Date) Architects of the United Nations Headquarters | United Nations Gifts. Available at: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.un.org/ungifts/architects-united-nations-headquarters__;!!DZ3fjg!-m1T4U55QJoXkvVASYXHhoJ-mHR5tI8M7zQZ0ZYcCgXJsQirBnN6T9axn6fh0tKvSRiTMhJ_1IZaZk3xRMpeAoZoNX_3fA$ (Accessed: January 30, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Barker, J. C. 2006. The Protection of Diplomatic Personnel. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bethell, L., and I. Roxborough. 1988. “Latin America Between the Second World War and the Cold War: Some Reflections on the 1945–8 Conjuncture.” Journal of Latin American Studies 20 (1): 168–170. doi:10.1017/S0022216X00002522.
   Google Scholar
• Bica, P. n.d. “Brasília: ‘The Capital of Hope,” UNESCO Digital Library. Accessed February 1, 2023. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf000006114
   Google Scholar
• CAU/DF Construção de Nova Sede da Embaixada dos Eua em Brasília FOI Tema principal do encontro entre CAU/DF e Obo Nesta Terça-Feira CAU/DF (2020). Available at: https://caudf.org.br/construcao-de-nova-sede-da-embaixada-dos-eua-em-brasilia-foi-tema-principal-do-encontro-entre-cau-df-e-obo-nesta-terca-feira/
   Google Scholar
• Cavalcanti, L., and M. Caldeira. 2009. “The Role of Modernists in the Establishment of the Brazilian Cultural Heritage.” Future Anterior: The Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism 6 (2): 14–31. doi:10.1353/fta.0.0037.
   Google Scholar
• Cavalcanti, L., F. Rambert, and F. el-Dahdh, edited by. 2011. Roberto Burle Marx: The Modernity of Landscape. Barcelona: Actar.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P. A. In: “(Memorandum) Former Regional Director of the Office of Foreign Buildings Operations, Department of State to Consul General John Porter, American Consulate, Rio de Janeiro.” June 26, 1978. Washington, DC.: Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, U.S. Department of State. The U.S. Government deeded it to the Brazilian government for the exposition and then purchased it in 1924
   Google Scholar
• Congressional Research Service. 2020. “Brazil: Background and U.S. Relations.” https://crsreports.congress.gov R46236. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R46236.pdf. Brazilian organized crime and heavily armed criminal groups include: the Red Command (Comando Vermelho, or CV) and the First Capital Command ( Primeiro Comando da Capital, or PCC).
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, J. 2019. “The Elemental Architecture of Jeanne Gang: A Chicago Architect Renowned for Her Sublime Engineering Makes Buildings That Really Work for New Yorkers.” Intelligencer, December 20.
   Google Scholar
• Dowall, D. E., and P. Monkkonen. 2007. “Consequences of the “Plano Piloto”: The Urban Development and Land Markets of Brasília.” Urban Studies 44 (10): 1885–1887. doi:10.1080/00420980701560018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evenson, N. 1973. Two Brazilian Capitals. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Federal District Atlas (Brasília). 2023. “7.4-Burle Marx Gardens (N.D.) Federal District Atlas.” Accessed: February 2, 2023. https://atlas.ipe.df.gov.br/en/?p=1027.
   Google Scholar
• Fülscher, C. 2021. Deutsche Botschaften: Zwischen Anpassung und abgrenzung. Berlin: Jovis.
   Google Scholar
• Getty, Foundation. Brasilia: Preservation of a Modernist City (Article). n.d. Accessed February 4, 2022. https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/newsletters/28_1/brasilia.html
   Google Scholar
• Hirst, M. 2013. “Understanding Brazil-United States Relations: Contemporary History, Current Complexities and Prospects for the 21^st.” Century. Brasília: Coleção Politica Externa Brasíleira.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, J., and C. J. Nahson. 2016. Roberto Burle Marx, Brazilian Modernist. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holston, J. 1989. The Modernist City, an Anthropological Critique of Brasília. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• ICOMOS. 2021. Icomos Org. https://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ICOMOS and UNESCO. 2020. “Periodic Reporting Cycle 2, Section II,” WHC UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/29/documents/.
   Google Scholar
• Kenworthy, N. In: “Memorandum from Nelson Kenworthy to Assistant Secretary for Administration.” 26 October 1953. National Building Museum:Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• King, L. “Notes for statement at a conference on 9 July 1953 with Assistant Secretary of State. Washington, DC: National Building Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Lejeune, J.F., and M. Sabatino. 2010. Modern Architecture and the Mediterranean: Vernacular Dialogues and Contested Identities. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Loeffler, J. 1990. “The Architecture of Diplomacy: Heyday of the United States Embassy-Building Program, 1954-1960.” The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49 (3): 251–252. doi:10.2307/990518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeffler, J. 2011. The Architecture of Diplomacy: Building America’s Embassies. revised 2nd ed. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
   Google Scholar
• Loeffler, J. 2016. “The State Department and the Politics of Preservation: Why Few U.S. Embassies Are Landmarks.” Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism, GSAPP, Columbia University XIII (1): 98–123.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, G. 2023. “Brazil and Jan.6: How Brazil’s Riots Compare to the Jan. 6 Attack,” New York Times, 10 January.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, J. 2012. “Modernist architect of U.N. Building, Brazil’s Futuristic Capital.” The Wall Street Journal. December 6. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304459804577283941790349160. Oscar Neimeyer was 101 years old when he proposed the 100-meter obelisk in Brasília.
   Google Scholar
• Montero, M. 2001. Roberto Burle Marx: Lyrical Landscape. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.). In: “House Subcommittee on Appropriations Hearings on Foreign Service Building Act AmendmentsRecords of the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, Record Group 353.” 29 July 1959. Records of Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees (Department of State box 1.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.). “Agenda of the Second Meeting, Foreign Service Buildings Commission, November 1926.” In II, B. In: 1-2, Records of the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, Record Group 353, Records of Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees (Department of State) box 1.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.) n.d. Inman Report, op cit, “Protection of Foreign Dignitaries and Missions in the United States.” 187–192 22 U.S.C. § 4831.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.). (n.d.a.). Executive orders. Accessed February 3, 2023. https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12114.html
   Google Scholar
• National Defense University (U.S.). 2022 “Prism vol.” -National Defense University. 8(4). Accessed February 2, 2023. https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/prism/prism_8-4/prism_8-4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York Times.Centennial of Brazil’s Independence, Now Celebrated by World’s Fair, in Which United States Has a Leading Part – American Exhibition Building Will Remain to House Ambassador.” New York Times. March 25, 1923.
   Google Scholar
• Robin, R. 1992. Enclaves of America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz, K. 2016. “Das UN-Hauptquartier in New York.“ In Bauen für die Weltgemeinschaft: Die CIAM und das UNESCO-Gebäude in Paris, Berlin, edited by Klien, K. Boston: De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Soper, F. 1942. “The Work of the Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil.” Science 85: 2453.
   Google Scholar
• Tavares, J. 2010. “The Competition for Brasilia’s Pilot Plan: Territory and Infrastructure.” Docomomo 43 (2): 9–13. Tavares states that Brazilian president Jusceliono Kubitschek initially intended to award the new Brazil capital city design to Oscar Niemeyer. He was persuaded by the Brazilian Institute of Architects to conduct an international competition but allow Niemeyer to design the governmental buildings. doi:10.52200/43.A.WJL43ZGE.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO WH. Report of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on Its Activities. 2010-2011. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000210822
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO WH n.d. 44 com 7B.163 - decision. 44 com 7B.163 - decision. Accessed February 19, 2022, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/7878
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO WH. n.d. Brasília. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Accessed February 15, 2022, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/445/
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State. 2022a. “U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Brazil.” Accessed February 11, 2022. https://br.usembassy.gov/embassy-consulates/riodejaneiro/.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State. 2022b. “USAID history: Basic page (2022) U.S. Agency for International Development.” https://www.usaid.gov/about-us/usaid-history.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, Office of Cultural Heritage. 2019. The Secretary of State’s Register of Culturally Significant Property. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, Office of Cultural Heritage. 2020. Research Notes. Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, Office of Cultural Heritage, Krueck +Sexton Architects, Harboe Architects, Robinson & Associates, Thornton Thomasetti, Langan Engineering, and Atelier Meineke. 2017. Historic Structures Report for the United States Chancery Paris. Vol. 1. United States Embassy—Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Waldek, S. 2020. 60 years ago, the Modernist City of Brasília was built from scratch. Architectural Digest. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/60-years-ago-modernist-city-brasilia-built
   Google Scholar
• Weber, R. 2021. “The ‘Finacialization’ of Urban Redevelopment: Implications for Historic Preservation.” Preservation Education & Research 13: 1–8. doi:10.5749/preseducrese.13.2021.0001.
   Google Scholar