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Original Articles

Intelligence and peacekeeping: The UN operation in the Congo, 1960–64

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Pages 11-33 | Published online: 08 Nov 2007

Notes

  • O'Brien , Conor Cruise . 1962 . To Katanga and Back , 76 New York : Grosset & Dunlop .
  • Urquhart , Brian . 1973 . Hammarskjöld , 159 – 60 . New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
  • 1981 . “ ‘Neither in New York nor in Leopoldville was there a staff which dealt with information and intelligence’ ” . In International Peacekeeping , 48 London : Butler & Tanner Ltd. .
  • Jones , Peter . 1993 . ‘there is no evidence that any of ONUC's aerial assets were ever dedicated to aerial surveillance’ . Aerial Surveillance in Peacekeeping and International Relations , March/April : 4
  • Chief of Military Operations . 16 March 1962 . “ ‘A Review of ONUC Military Operations in the Congo and its Future Deployment and Organization’ ” . 16 March ,
  • Horn , Major‐General Carl von . “ ‘Congo Lessons: Special Report on ONUC operations up to 31 December 1960’ ” . 83 DAG‐1/2.2.1:64.
  • von Horn . 1966 . Soldiering for Peace , London : Cassell .
  • General von Horn . 1993 . Military Advisor to the Secretary General , London : St. Martin's Press .
  • 1961 . SC Res , 161 21 Feb. 1961.
  • Von Horn . “ ‘Congo Lessons’ ” . 10
  • Chief of Military Information and Borchgrevink , N. 7 March 1962 . “ ‘Study on Intelligence in the Congo: Annex B ‐ The Intelligence Problem’ ” . 7 March , 3 – 4 .
  • Chief of Military Operations . “ ‘A Review of ONUC Military Operations’ ” . 2
  • Military Information Branch (MIB) . 15 July 1963 . “ ‘Terms of Reference: Provincial Liaison Officers’ ” . 15 July ,
  • MIB . 17 Sept. 1962 . “ ‘Nominal Roll ‐ Intelligence Officers Stationed throughout the Congo’ ” . 17 Sept. ,
  • Egge , Lt‐Col. Bjorn . 22 April 1961 . “ ‘Collection of Military Information’ ” . 22 April , Chief of Military Information
  • 27 Nov. 1961 . “ ‘Report ‐ Liaison visit Katanga‐Orientale’ ” . 27 Nov. ,
  • Borchgrevink , N. 17 Feb. 1962 . “ ‘Proposed Organisation and Function of Monitoring Section Military Intelligence Branch’ ” . 17 Feb. , Chief of Military Information
  • Chief of Military Information, Katanga HQ . 1 May 1962 . “ ‘Monitoring of Katangese Military Radionet from 30 March to 30 April 1962’ ” . 1 May ,
  • Lindencrona , Ulric . 11 Oct. 1962 . “ ‘Report on Ciphers and Codes used by the Katangese Forces,’ ” . 11 Oct. ,
  • Guebre , Lt‐Gen. Kebbede . Aug. 1963 . “ ‘Report on Completion of Assignment to Secretary General’ ” . Aug. , Force Commander
  • 5 Jan. 1963 . “ ‘Secret Intercepts’ ” . 5 Jan. ,
  • 10 Jan. 1963 . “ ‘Secret Intercepts’ ” . 10 Jan. ,
  • MIB . 9 March 1962 . “ ‘Debriefing of Aircrews’ ” . 9 March ,
  • 16 March 1962 . “ ‘A Review of ONUC Military Operations in the Congo and its Future Deployment and Organization’ ” . 16 March , 2 Force Commander
  • 13 Oct. 1961 . “ ‘Command and Control ‐ Fighter Operations Group’ ” . 13 Oct. , Memorandum
  • Morrison , H.A. 13 Oct. 1961 . “ ‘Command and Control ‐ Fighter Operations Group’ ” . 13 Oct. , Air Commander
  • 6 Nov. 1961 . “ ‘Statement Regarding Cables No 7741–7757 from New York’ ” . 6 Nov. , Memorandum
  • 3 Feb. 1962 . “ ‘Aerial Photography: Intelligence Collection Programme’ ” . 3 Feb. ,
  • MIB HQ . 30 May 1962 . “ ‘Katangese Air Capability: An Appreciation’ ” . 30 May ,
  • Fighter Operations . April 1962 . “ ‘Enemy Opposition and the Task of Fighter Force’ ” . April , 2
  • 8 Sept. 1962 . “ ‘Debriefing and Radar Reports’ ” . 8 Sept. ,
  • Operations , Fighter . “ ‘Enemy Opposition and Task of Fighter Force’ ” . 2
  • Guebre , Kebbede . “ ‘Report on Completion of Assignment’ ” . 15 Force Commander
  • MIB . 22 Feb. 1963 . “ ‘Report on visit to Kolwezi and Jadotville Airfields 25–29 Jan. 1963’ ” . 22 Feb. , 9
  • Samuelson , G. 17 Dec. 1962 . “ ‘Administrative Regulations for ONUC Detainees’ ” . 17 Dec. , MIB Leopoldville . Chief of Military Information
  • Borchgrevink , N. “ ‘Study on Intelligence in the Congo: Annex B ‐ The Intelligence Problem’ ” . 10 Chief of Military Information
  • MIB HQ . “ ‘Katangese Air Capability’ ” . 2
  • 25 Nov. 1962 . “ ‘Report No. 1, KANYINDA, Cleophas’ ” . 25 Nov. ,
  • 25 Oct. 1962 . “ ‘Operation Stag‐Hound: Summary of Interrogation in Respect of Sutherland and Franklin’ ” . 25 Oct. , MIB .
  • 30 Oct. 1962 . “ ‘Ref. ONUC 7361’ ” . 30 Oct. ,
  • 12 March 1962 . “ ‘Minutes of Intelligence Conference No.4’ ” . 12 March ,
  • 5 March 1962 . “ ‘Minutes of Intelligence Conference No.3’ ” . 5 March , 2
  • 6 April 1962 . “ ‘Summary No.43’ ” . 6 April ,
  • MIB . 15 July 1962 . “ ‘An Assessment of the Katanga military forces’ ” . 15 July ,
  • MIB HQ . “ ‘Katangese Air Capability’ ” . 7
  • Nov. 1962 . “ ‘Interrogation Summary’ ” . Nov. ,
  • MIB . 6 March 1962 . “ ‘Area of Responsibility’ ” . 6 March ,
  • Force Commander Guebre . “ ‘Report on Completion of Assignment’ ” . 14
  • Force Commander Guebre . “ ‘Report on Completion of Assignment’ ” . 15
  • Lefever , Ernest W. and Wynfred , Joshua . 1966 . United Nations Peacekeeping in the Congo: 1960–1964: An Analysis of Political, Executive and Military Control , Vol. 1 , Washington : Brookings Institution .
  • 3 May 1961 . “ ‘Report on Incident at Port Francqui’ ” . 3 May , Operations Officer
  • Force Commander Guebre . “ ‘Report on Completion of Assignment’ ” . 27
  • Dorn , Walter H. 1987 . “ ‘Peace‐keeping Satellites: The Case for International Surveillance and Verification’ ” . In Peace Research Reviews , vol.X , Dundas : Peace Research Institute‐Dundas . pts5&6
  • Doyle , Michael and Suntharalingam , Nishkala . 1994 . ‘The UN in Cambodia: Lessons for Complex Peacekeeping’ . International Peacekeeping , 1 ( 2 ) : 125
  • Dallaire , Romeo . ‘Our Man in Rwanda’ . presentation at Trinity College . 15 March . University of Toronto .

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