References
- Mitchell P, Liew G, Gopinath B, et al. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2018;392(10153):1147–1159. .
- Wong WL, Su X, Li X, et al. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(2):e106–16. .
- Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O. Age-related macular degeneration. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2015;59(2):74–77.
- Khandhadia S, Cherry J, Lotery AJ. Age-related macular degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;724:15–36.
- Ambati J, Fowler BJ. Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration. Neuron. 2012;75(1):26–39.
- Yu L, Wu X, Cheng Z, et al. Interaction between bevacizumab and murine VEGF-A: a reassessment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(2):522–527. .
- Semeraro F, Morescalchi F, Duse S, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of anti-VEGF drugs after intravitreal injection. Curr Drug Metab. 2015;16(7):572–584. .
- Grisanti S, Tatar O. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor and other endogenous interplayers in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27(4):372–390.
- Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development. Cell. 2019;176(6):1248–1264.
- partners-Allergan M. CEDDAR and SEQUOIA phase 3 Trials. 2019.
- Nguyen QD, Das A, Do DV, et al. Brolucizumab: evolution through preclinical and clinical studies and the implications for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2020. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.12.031.
- Schwartz SG, Scott IU, Flynn HW, et al. Drug delivery techniques for treating age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2014;11(1):61–68.
- Lai TY, Liu S, Das S, et al. Intravitreal injection–technique and safety. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2015;4(6):321–328. .
- Doggrell SA. Pegaptanib: the first antiangiogenic agent approved for neovascular macular degeneration. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6(8):1421–1423.
- Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr., et al. Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(27):2805–2816. .
- Apte RS. Pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9(3):499–508.
- Stewart MW. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pre-clinical characteristics of ophthalmic drugs that bind VEGF. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014;7(2):167–180.
- Ferro Desideri L, Barra F, Ferrero S, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of ranibizumab in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2019;19(8):735–751.
- Hashemi S, Faramarzi MA, Ghasemi Falavarjani K, et al. Bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration and pathological myopia. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14(12):1837–1848. .
- Keating GM. Bevacizumab: a review of its use in advanced cancer. Drugs. 2014;74(16):1891–1925.
- Moja L, Lucenteforte E, Kwag KH, et al. Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;9:Cd011230.
- Stewart MW. Aflibercept (VEGF Trap-Eye) for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013;6(2):103–113.
- Ruiz Ramos J, Pascual-Camps I, Cuellar-Monreal MJ, et al. Aflibercept in exudative age related macular degeneration refractory to ranibizumab. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2015;90(12):566–571.
- Yonekawa Y, Andreoli C, Miller JB, et al. Conversion to aflibercept for chronic refractory or recurrent neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(1):29–35.e2.
- Kawashima Y, Oishi A, Tsujikawa A, et al. Effects of aflibercept for ranibizumab-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253(9):1471–1477.
- Zhang J, Liang Y, Xie J, et al. Conbercept for patients with age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018;18(1):142. .
- Wu Z, Zhou P, Li X, et al. Structural characterization of a recombinant fusion protein by instrumental analysis and molecular modeling. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57642. .
- Liu K, Song Y, Xu G, et al. Conbercept for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results of the randomized phase 3 PHOENIX study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;197:156–167.
- Binz HK, Amstutz P, Kohl A, et al. High-affinity binders selected from designed ankyrin repeat protein libraries. Nat Biotechnol. 2004;22(5):575–582. .
- Leader B, Baca QJ, Golan DE. Protein therapeutics: a summary and pharmacological classification. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008;7(1):21–39.
- Wu TT, Kabat EA. An analysis of the sequences of the variable regions of Bence Jones proteins and myeloma light chains and their implications for antibody complementarity. J Exp Med. 1970;132(2):211–250.
- Wetzel SK, Settanni G, Kenig M, et al. Folding and unfolding mechanism of highly stable full-consensus ankyrin repeat proteins. J Mol Biol. 2008;376(1):241–257. .
- Sharma A, Kumar N, Kuppermann BD, et al. Abicipar pegol: the non-monoclonal antibody anti-VEGF. Eye (Lond). 2019;34(5):797‐801.
- Rodrigues GA, Mason M, Christie LA, et al. Functional characterization of abicipar-pegol, an anti-VEGF DARPin therapeutic that potently inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(15):5836–5846. .
- Souied EH, Devin F, Mauget-Faysse M, et al., Treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration with a designed ankyrin repeat protein that binds vascular endothelial growth factor: a phase I/II study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158(4): 724–32 e2. .
- Campochiaro PA, Channa R, Berger BB, et al., Treatment of diabetic macular edema with a designed ankyrin repeat protein that binds vascular endothelial growth factor: a phase I/II study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(4): 697–704, e1-2. .
- Callanan D, Kunimoto D, Maturi RK, et al., Double-masked, randomized, phase 2 evaluation of abicipar pegol (an anti-VEGF DARPin therapeutic) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2018;34(10): 700–709. .
- Kunimoto D, Ohji M, Maturi RK, et al., Evaluation of abicipar pegol (an anti-VEGF DARPin Therapeutic) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: studies in Japan and the United States. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50(2): e10–e22. .
- Allergan. The MAPLE Study. 2019.
- Wu P, Hao X, Lau EHY, et al. Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(3). 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000044.
- Wykoff CC, Clark WL, Nielsen JS, et al. Optimizing anti-VEGF treatment outcomes for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018;24(2–aSuppl):S3–S15.
- Hussain RM, Ciulla TA. Emerging vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2017;22(3):235–246.