218
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Set size, assertion form, thematic content and sampling in the selection task

, &
Pages 134-157 | Received 29 Apr 2016, Accepted 13 Dec 2016, Published online: 09 Jan 2017

References

  • Adams, J. K., & Adams, P. A. (1961). Realism in confidence judgments. Psychological Review, 68, 33–45.
  • Ball, L. J., Lucas, E. J., Miles, J. N. V., & Gale, A. G. (2003). Inspection times and the selection task: What do eye-movements reveal about relevance effects? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 1053–1077.
  • Cosmides, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31, 187–276.
  • Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby ( Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 162–228). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Cox, J. R., & Griggs, R. A. (1982). The effects of experience on performance of Wason's selection task. Memory and Cognition, 10, 496–502.
  • Cruz, N., & Oberaur, K. (2014). Comparing the meanings of “if” and “all”. Memory and Cognition, 42, 1345–1356.
  • De Neys, W. (2012). Bias and conflict: A case for logical intuitions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 28–38.
  • De Neys, W., Cromheeke, S., & Osman, M. (2011). Biased but in doubt: Conflict and decision confidence. PLoS ONE, 6(2). doi: 10.1371/annotation/1ebd8050-5513-426f-8399-201773755683
  • Evans, J. St. B. T. (1972). Interpretation and matching bias in a reasoning task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, 193–199.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T. (1989). Bias in human reasoning: Causes and consequences. Hove: Erlbaum.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T., Ball, L. J., & Brooks, P. G. (1987). Attentional bias and decision order in a reasoning task. British Journal of Psychology, 78, 385–394.
  • Evans, J. D. B. T., & Lynch, J. S. (1973). Matching bias in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 391–397.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. (1996). Rationality in the selection task: Epistemic utility vs. uncertainty reduction. Psychological Review, 103, 356–363.
  • Festinger, L. (1943). Studies in decision: I. Decision-time, relative frequency of judgment and subjective confidence as related to physical stimulus difference. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 291–306.
  • Golding, S. (1981). The effect of past experience on problem-solving. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 34, 186.
  • Griggs, R. A. (1984). Memory cuing and instructional effects on Wason's selection task. Current Psychological Research and Reviews, 3, 3–10.
  • Griggs, R. A., & Cox, J. R. (1982). The elusive thematic-materials effect in Wason's selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 407–420.
  • Griggs, R. A., & Cox, J. R. (1993). Permission schemas and the selection task. In J.St.B.T. Evans ( Ed.), The cognitive psychology of reasoning (pp. 637–651). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Griggs, R. A., & Jackson, S. L. (1990). Instructional effects on responses in Wason's selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 197–204.
  • Houdé, O., & Moutier, S. (1996). Deductive reasoning and experimental inhibition, training: The case of the matching bias. Current Psychology of Cognition, 15, 409–434.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). Thinking as a skill. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34a, 1–29.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., Legrenzi, P., & Legrenzi, M. S. (1972). Reasoning and a sense of reality. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 395–400.
  • Kirby, K. N. (1994). Probabilities and utilities of fictional outcomes in Wason's four-card selection task. Cognition, 51, 1–28.
  • Klauer, K. C. (1999). On the normative justification for information gain in Wason's selection task. Psychological Review, 106, 215–222.
  • Klauer, K. C., Stahl, C., & Erdfelder, E. (2007). The abstract selection task: New data and an almost comprehensive model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 33, 680–703.
  • Kroger, J. K., Cheng, P. W., & Holyoak, K. J. (1993). Evoking the permission schema: The impact of explicit negation and a violation-checking context. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 615–635.
  • Lucas, E. J., & Ball, L. J. (2005). Think-aloud protocols and the selection task: Evidence for relevance effects and rationalization processes. Thinking and Reasoning, 11, 35–66.
  • Manktelow, K. I., & Over, D. E. (1993). Rationality, utility and deontic reasoning. In K. I. Manktelow & D. E. Over ( Eds.), Rationality: Psychological and philosophical perspectives (pp. 231–259). London: Routledge.
  • Manktelow, K. I., & Over, D. E. (1995). Deontic reasoning. In S. E. Newstead & J.St.B.T. Evans ( Eds.), Perspectives on thinking and reasoning: Essays in honour of Peter Wason (pp. 91–114). Hove: Erlbaum.
  • Manktelow, K., Over, D., & Elqayam, S. (2011). The science of reason. Hove: Psychology Press.
  • Manktelow, K. I., Sutherland, E. J., & Over, D. E. (1995). Probabilistic factors in deontic reasoning. Thinking and Reasoning, 1, 201–220.
  • Markovits, H., & Savary, F. (1992). Pragmatic schemas and the selection task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, 133–148.
  • Moutier, S., Angeard, N., & Houdé, O. (2002). Deductive reasoning and matching-bias inhibition training: Evidence from a debiasing paradigm. Thinking and Reasoning, 8, 205–224.
  • Nickerson, R. S. (1996). Hempel's paradox and Wason's selection task: Logical and psychological puzzles of confirmation. Thinking and Reasoning, 2, 1–31.
  • Nickerson, R. S. (2015). Conditional reasoning: The unruly syntactics, semantics, thematics, and pragmatics of “If”. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Nickerson, R. S., & Butler, S. F. (2008). Efficiency in data gathering: Set size effects in the selection task. Thinking and Reasoning, 14, 60–82.
  • Nickerson, R. S., & McGoldrick, C. C., Jr. (1963). Confidence, correctness and difficulty with non-psychological comparative judgments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 17, 159–167.
  • Nickerson, R. S., & McGoldrick, C. C., Jr. (1965). Confidence ratings and level of performance on a judgmental task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 20, 311–316.
  • Oaksford, M. (2002). Contrast classes and matching bias as explanations of the effects of negation on conditional reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 8, 135–151.
  • Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1994). A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection. Psychological Review, 101, 608–631.
  • Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1995). Information gain explains relevance which explains the selection task. Cognition, 57, 97–108.
  • Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (2007). Bayesian rationality: The probabilistic approach to human reasoning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Oaksford, M., & Stenning, K. (1992). Reasoning with conditionals containing negated constituents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18, 835–854.
  • Platt, R. D., & Griggs, R. A. (1995). Facilitation and matching bias in the selection task. Thinking and Reasoning, 1, 55–70.
  • Pollack, I., & Decker, L. R. (1958). Confidence ratings, message reception and the receiver operating characteristic. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 30, 286–292.
  • Pollard, P. (1982). Human reasoning: Some possible effects of availability. Cognition, 12, 65–96.
  • Quayle, J. D., & Ball, L. J. (2000). Working memory, metacognitive uncertainty, and belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, A: Human Experimental Psychology, 53, 1202–1223.
  • Reich, S. S., & Ruth, P. (1982). Wason's selection task: Verification, falsification and matching. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 395–405.
  • Roberts, M. J. (1998). Inspection times and the selection task: Are they relevant? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 781–810.
  • Roberts, M. J. (2002). The elusive matching bias effect in the disjunctive selection task. Experimental Psychology, 49, 89–97.
  • Roberts, M. J., & Newton, E. J. (2001). Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A, 1031–1048.
  • Thompson, V. A., & Johnson, S. C. (2014). Conflict, metacognition, and analytic thinking. Thinking and Reasoning, 20, 2154–2244.
  • Thompson, V. A., Turner, J. A. P., & Pennycook, G. (2011). Intuition, reason, and metacognition. Cognitive Psychology, 63, 107–140.
  • Valentine, E. R. (1985). The effect of instructions on performance in the Wason selection task. Current Psychological Research and Reviews, 4, 214–223.
  • Van Duyne, P. C. (1974). Realism and linguistic complexity. British Journal of Psychology, 65, 59–67.
  • Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. M. Foss ( Ed.), New horizons in psychology (pp. 135–151). Hammondsworth: Penguin.
  • Wason, P. C. (1968). Reasoning about a rule. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129–140.
  • Willingham, W. W. (1958). Confidence and correctness in comparative judgment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 227–230.
  • Yachanin, S. A. (1986). Facilitation in Wason's selection task: Contents and instructions. Current Psychological Research and Reviews, 5, 20–29.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.