Cognitive correlates of psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease

References

• Alexopoulos, P., Richter-Schmidinger, T., Horn, M., Maus, S., Reichel, M., Sidiropoulos, C. … Kornhuber, J. (2011). Hippocampal volume differences between healthy young apolipoprotein E epsilon2 and epsilon4 carriers. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 26, 207–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atallah, H. E., Lopez-Paniagua, D., Rudy, J. W., & O'Reilly, R. (2007). Separate neural substrates for skill learning and performance in the ventral and dorsal striatum. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 126–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autio, H., Matlik, K., Rantamaki, T., Lindemann, L., Hoener, M. C., Chao, M., … Castrén, E. (2011). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors rapidly activate Trk neurotrophin receptors in the mouse hippocampus. Neuropharmacology, 61, 1291–1296. 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannier, S., Berdague, J. L., Rieu, I., de Chazeron, I., Marques, A., Derost, P., … Durif, F. (2012). Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 83, 1019–1021. 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barch, D. M., Braver, T. S., Nystrom, L. E., Forman, S. D., Noll, D. C., & Cohen, J. D. (1997). Dissociating working memory from task difficulty in human prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 35, 1373–1380. 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00072-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, J., Boubert, L., Harris, J., Lee, A., & David, A. S. (2003). Reality monitoring and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 41, 565–574. 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00182-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baydas, G., Ozer, M., Yasar, A., Tuzcu, M., & Koz, S. T. (2005). Melatonin improves learning and memory performances impaired by hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Brain Research, 1046, 187–194. 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeler, J. A., Cao, Z. F., Kheirbek, M. A., Ding, Y., Koranda, J., Murakami, M., … Zhuang, X. (2010). Dopamine-dependent motor learning: Insight into levodopa's long-duration response. Annals of Neurology, 67, 639–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogerts, B., Meertz, E., & Schonfeldt-Bausch, R. (1985). Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 784–791. 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790310046006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botha, H., & Carr, J. (2012). Attention and visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 18, 742–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruck, A., Kurki, T., Kaasinen, V., Vahlberg, T., & Rinne, J. O. (2004). Hippocampal and prefrontal atrophy in patients with early non-demented Parkinson's disease is related to cognitive impairment. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 75, 1467–1469. 10.1136/jnnp.2003.031237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camicioli, R., Moore, M. M., Kinney, A., Corbridge, E., Glassberg, K., & Kaye, J. A. (2003). Parkinson's disease is associated with hippocampal atrophy. Movement Disorders, 18, 784–790. 10.1002/mds.10444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castner, S. A., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (2004). Enhancement of working memory in aged monkeys by a sensitizing regimen of dopamine D1 receptor stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 1446–1450. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3987-03.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, E. Y. (1995). A neural network model of cortical information processing in schizophrenia II: Role of hippocampal-cortical interaction: A review and a model. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 21–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. D., Barch, D. M., Carter, C., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1999). Context-processing deficits in schizophrenia: Converging evidence from three theoretically motivated cognitive tasks. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 120–133. 10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2007). From prediction error to psychosis: Ketamine as a pharmacological model of delusions. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21, 238–252. 10.1177/0269881107077716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, J. L. (1992). Psychosis in neurologic disease: Neurobiology and pathogenesis. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, & Behavioral Neurology, 5, 144–150.
   Google Scholar
• D'Ardenne, K., McClure, S. M., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2008). BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area. Science, 319, 1264–1267. 10.1126/science.1150605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debs, R., Cochen De Cock, V., Negre-Pages, L., Aristin, M., Senard, A., & Rascol, O. (2010). Thought disorders among non-demented outpatients with Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and associated factors. Journal of Neural Transmission, 117, 1183–1188. 10.1007/s00702-010-0458-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Fuente-Fernandez, R., Nunez, M. A., & Lopez, E. (1999). The apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele increases the risk of drug-induced hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 22, 226–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRosse, P., Hodgkinson, C. A., Lencz, T., Burdick, K. E., Kane, J. M., Goldman, D., & Malhotra, A. K. (2007). Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 genotype and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 1208–1210. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diederich, N. J., Fenelon, G., Stebbins, G., & Goetz, C. G. (2009). Hallucinations in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 5, 331–342. 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dusek, J. A., & Eichenbaum, H. (1997). The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 7109–7114. 10.1073/pnas.94.13.7109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Factor, S. A., Feustel, P. J., Friedman, J. H., Comella, C. L., Goetz, C. G., Kurlan, R., … Pfeiffer, R., Parkinson Study Group. (2003). Longitudinal outcome of Parkinson's disease patients with psychosis. Neurology, 60, 1756–1761. 10.1212/01.WNL.0000068010.82167.CF
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, B., Chapman, J., & Korczyn, A. D. (2006). Apolipoprotein epsilon4 advances appearance of psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 113, 14–17. 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00535.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenelon, G. (2008). Psychosis in Parkinson's disease: Phenomenology, frequency, risk factors, and current understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms. CNS Spectrums, 13, 18–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenelon, G., Goetz, C. G., & Karenberg, A. (2006). Hallucinations in Parkinson disease in the prelevodopa era. Neurology, 66, 93–98. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000191325.31068.c4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenelon, G., Mahieux, F., Huon, R., & Ziegler, M. (2000). Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Prevalence, phenomenology and risk factors. Brain, 123, 733–745. 10.1093/brain/123.4.733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, P. C., & Frith, C. D. (2008). Perceiving is believing: A Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 48–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsaa, E. B., Larsen, J. P., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Goetz, C. G., Stebbins, G. T., Aarsland, D., & Alves, G. (2010). A 12-year population-based study of psychosis in Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology, 67, 996–1001. 10.1001/archneurol.2010.166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank, M. J. (2008). Schizophrenia: A computational reinforcement learning perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 1008–1011. 10.1093/schbul/sbn123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, M. J., O'Reilly, R. C., & Curran, T. (2006). When memory fails, intuition reigns: Midazolam enhances implicit inference in humans. Psychological Science, 17, 700–707. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01769.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, M. J., Rudy, J. W., Levy, W. B. &, O'Reilly, R. C. (2005). When logic fails: Implicit transitive inference in humans. Memory and Cognition, 33, 742–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, M. J., O'Reilly, R. C., & Curran, T. (2008). Midazolam, hippocampal function, and transitive inference: Reply to Greene. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4, 5. 10.1186/1744-9081-4-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, M. J., Rudy, J. W., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2003). Transitivity, flexibility, conjunctive representations, and the hippocampus. II. A computational analysis. Hippocampus, 13, 341–354. 10.1002/hipo.10084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, M. J., Seeberger, L. C., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2004). By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism. Science, 306, 1940–1943. 10.1126/science.1102941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankland, P. W., Josselyn, S. A., Anagnostaras, S. G., Kogan, J. H., Takahashi, E., & Silva, A. J. (2004). Consolidation of CS and US representations in associative fear conditioning. Hippocampus, 14, 557–569. 10.1002/hipo.10208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg, G., Zoldan, J., Weizman, A., & Melamed, E. (1998). Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale: A practical instrument for grading psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 21, 280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, D. A., & Schrag, A. (2012). Psychosis, apathy, depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of Disease, 46, 581–589. 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzaley, A., Rissman, J., & Desposito, M. (2004). Functional connectivity during working memory maintenance. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 580–599. 10.3758/CABN.4.4.580
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibson, G., Mottram, P. G., Burn, D. J., Hindle, J. V., Landau, S., Samuel, M., & Wilson, K. C. M. (2012). Frequency, prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with visual hallucinations in a sample of patients with Parkinsons disease: A longitudinal 4-year study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, 626–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1995). Cellular basis of working memory. Neuron, 14, 477–485. 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90304-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman-Rakic, P. S., Muly, E. C., III., & Williams, G. V. (2000). D(1) receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits. Brain Research Reviews, 31, 295–301. 10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00045-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, M. B., & Mitchell, C. P. (2004). What is the functional significance of hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30, 367–392. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007086
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman, J. G., Goetz, C. G., Berry-Kravis, E., Leurgans, S., & Zhou, L. (2004). Genetic polymorphisms in Parkinson disease subjects with and without hallucinations: An analysis of the cholecystokinin system. Archives of Neurology, 61, 1280–1284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace, A. A. (2010). Dopamine system dysregulation by the ventral subiculum as the common pathophysiological basis for schizophrenia psychosis, psychostimulant abuse, and stress. Neurotoxicity Research, 18, 367–376. 10.1007/s12640-010-9154-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, A. J., Gross, W. L., Elsinger, C. L., & Rao, S. M. (2006). An FMRI analysis of the human hippocampus: Inference, context, and task awareness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1156–1173. 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, A. J., Spellman, B. A., Dusek, J. A., Eichenbaum, H. B., & Levy, W. B. (2001). Relational learning with and without awareness: Transitive inference using nonverbal stimuli in humans. Memory & Cognition, 29, 893–902. 10.3758/BF03196418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi, D., Trojano, L., Pellecchia, M. T., Amboni, M., Fragassi, N. A., & Barone, P. (2005). Frontal dysfunction contributes to the genesis of hallucinations in non-demented Parkinsonian patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 668–673. 10.1002/gps.1339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding, A. J., Broe, G. A., & Halliday, G. M. (2002). Visual hallucinations in Lewy body disease relate to Lewy bodies in the temporal lobe. Brain, 125, 391–403. 10.1093/brain/awf033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckers, S., Zalesak, M., Weiss, A. P., Ditman, T., & Titone, D. (2004). Hippocampal activation during transitive inference in humans. Hippocampus, 14, 153–162. 10.1002/hipo.10189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd, S., & Wooten, G. F. (2006). Preliminary FMRI evidence of visual system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 18, 402–404. 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18.3.402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe, M. W., Atallah, H. E., McCool, A., Gibson, D., & Graybiel, A. M. (2011). Habit learning is associated with major shifts in frequencies of oscillatory activity and synchronized spike firing in striatum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 16801–16808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howes, O. D., Kambeitz, J., Kim, E., Stahl, D., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., & Kapur, S. (2012). The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 776–786. 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keri, S. (2008). Interactive memory systems and category learning in schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 206–218. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, J. N., & Wickens, J. R. (2001). Dopamine D-1/D-5 receptor activation is required for long-term potentiation in the rat neostriatum in vitro. Journal of Neurophysiology, 85, 117–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieckhaus, E. E., Donahoe, J. W., & Morgan, M. A. (1992). Paranoid schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine hyperactivity of CA1 hippocampus. Biological Psychiatry, 31, 560–570. 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90242-R
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, A. H., & Weintraub, D. (2012). Psychosis in Parkinson's disease without dementia: Common and comorbid with other non-motor symptoms. Movement Disorders, 27, 858–863. 10.1002/mds.25003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroi, I., Pantula, H., McDonald, K., & Harbishettar, V. (2012). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Parkinson's Disease, 2012, 308097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libben, M., & Titone, D. (2008). The role of awareness and working memory in human transitive inference. Behavioural Processes, 77, 43–54. 10.1016/j.beproc.2007.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisman, J. E., Pi, H. J., Zhang, Y., & Otmakhova, N. A. (2010). A thalamo-hippocampal-ventral tegmental area loop may produce the positive feedback that underlies the psychotic break in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 17–24. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinus, J., Visser, M., van Hilten, J. J., Lammers, G. J., & Stiggelbout, A. M. (2003). Assessment of sleep and sleepiness in Parkinson disease. Sleep, 26, 1049–1054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, Hanakawa, T., Maki, S., Graybiel, A. M., & Kimura, M. (1999). Role of [corrected] nigrostriatal dopamine system in learning to perform sequential motor tasks in a predictive manner. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 978–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meppelink, A. M., Koerts, J., Borg, M., Leenders, K. L., & van Laar, T. (2008). Visual object recognition and attention in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. Movement Disorders, 23, 1906–1912. 10.1002/mds.22270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgante, L., Colosimo, C., Antonini, A., Marconi, R., Meco, G., Pederzoli, M., … Barone, P., PRIAMO Study Group. (2012). Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: Relevance of cognitive decline and depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 83, 76–82. 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses, S. N., Villate, C., & Ryan, J. D. (2006). An investigation of learning strategy supporting transitive inference performance in humans compared to other species. Neuropsychologia, 44, 1370–1387. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, Bell, P., Eissa, A. M., & Hewedi, D. H. (2013). The effects of clinical motor variables and medication dosage on working memory in Parkinson's disease. Brain and Cognition, 82, 137–145. 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, A. A., Cohen, M. X., Sherman, S. J., & Frank, M. J. (2008). A role for dopamine in temporal decision making and reward maximization in parkinsonism. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 12294–12304. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3116-08.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, A. A., & Gluck, M. A. (2011). Computational cognitive models of prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal interactions in Parkinson's disease an schizophrenia. Neural Networks, 24, 575–591. 10.1016/j.neunet.2011.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, Sherman, S. J., & Frank, M. J. (2008). A dopaminergic basis for working memory, learning and attentional shifting in Parkinsonism. Neuropsychologia, 46, 3144–3156. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oishi, N., Udaka, F., Kameyama, M., Sawamoto, N., Hashikawa, K., & Fukuyama, H. (2005). Regional cerebral blood flow in Parkinson disease with nonpsychotic visual hallucinations. Neurology, 65, 1708–1715. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187116.13370.e0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pankow, A., Knobel, A., Voss, M., & Heinz, A. (2012). Neurobiological correlates of delusion: Beyond the salience attribution hypothesis. Neuropsychobiology, 66, 33–43. 10.1159/000337132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos, S., Argyriou, A. A., & Ellul, J. (2005). Factors associated with drug-induced visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, 252, 1223–1228. 10.1007/s00415-005-0840-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos, S., McCorquodale, D. S., Gonzalez, J., Jean-Gilles, L., & Mash, D. C. (2006). Cortical and amygdalar Lewy body burden in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 12, 253–256. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxton, J. L., Barch, D. M., Racine, C. A., & Braver, T. S. (2007). Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 1010–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlstein, W. M., Carter, C. S., Noll, D. C., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Relation of prefrontal cortex dysfunction to working memory and symptoms in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1105–1113. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlstein, W. M., Dixit, N. K., Carter, C. S., Noll, D. C., & Cohen, J. D. (2003). Prefrontal cortex dysfunction mediates deficits in working memory and prepotent responding in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 53, 25–38. 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01675-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perugi, G., Poletti, M., Logi, C., Berti, C., Romano, A., Del Dotto, P., … Bonuccelli, U. (2013). Diagnosis, assessment and management of delusional jealousy in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Neurological Sciences, 34, 1537–1541. 10.1007/s10072-012-1276-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poewe, W. (2003). Psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 18, S80–87. 10.1002/mds.10567
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poldrack, R. A., Clark, J., Pare-Blagoev, E. J., Shohamy, D., Creso Moyano, J., Myers, C., & Gluck, M. A. (2001). Interactive memory systems in the human brain. Nature, 414, 546–550. 10.1038/35107080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poletti, M., Perugi, G., Logi, C., Romano, A., Del Dotto, P., Ceravolo, R., … Bonuccelli, U. (2012). Dopamine agonists and delusional jealousy in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional prevalence study. Movement Disorders, 27, 1679–1682. 10.1002/mds.25129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabey, J. M. (2009). Hallucinations and psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 15, S105–110. 10.1016/S1353-8020(09)70846-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Ruiz, B., Junque, C., Marti, M. J., Valldeoriola, F., & Tolosa, E. (2006). Neuropsychological deficits in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. Movement Disorders, 21, 1483–1487. 10.1002/mds.20965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Ruiz, B., Marti, M. J., Tolosa, E., Gimenez, M., Bargallo, N., Valldeoriola, F., & Junqué, C. (2007). Cerebral atrophy in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. European Journal of Neurology, 14, 750–756. 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01768.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, P. F., Aron, A. R., & Poldrack, R. A. (2006). Ventral-striatal/nucleus-accumbens sensitivity to prediction errors during classification learning. Human Brain Mapping, 27, 306–313. 10.1002/hbm.20186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawaguchi, T. (2001). The effects of dopamine and its antagonists on directional delay-period activity of prefrontal neurons in monkeys during an oculomotor delayed-response task. Neuroscience Research, 41(2), 115–128. 10.1016/S0168-0102(01)00270-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shine, J. M., Halliday, G. H., Carlos, M., Naismith, S. L., & Lewis, S. J. (2012). Investigating visual misperceptions in Parkinson's disease: A novel behavioral paradigm. Movement Disorders, 27, 500–505. 10.1002/mds.24900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shine, J. M., Halliday, G. M., Naismith, S. L., & Lewis, S. J. (2011). Visual misperceptions and hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Dysfunction of attentional control networks? Movement Disorders, 26, 2154–2159. 10.1002/mds.23896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siekmeier, P. J., Hasselmo, M. E., Howard, M. W., & Coyle, J. (2007). Modeling of context-dependent retrieval in hippocampal region CA1: Implications for cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 89, 177–190. 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin, M. J., Sandstrom, C. K., Tran, T. T., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Petrella, J. R. (2007). Hippocampal volume and the Mini-Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. American Journal of Roentgenology, 188, 1404–1410. 10.2214/AJR.06.1052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins, G. T., Goetz, C. G., Carrillo, M. C., Bangen, K. J., Turner, D. A., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2004). Altered cortical visual processing in PD with hallucinations: An fMRI study. Neurology, 63, 1409–1416. 10.1212/01.WNL.0000141853.27081.BD
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanis, N., Bozi, M., Christodoulou, C., Douzenis, A., Gasparinatos, G., Stamboulis, E., … Stefanis, L. (2010). Isolated delusional syndrome in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 16, 550–552. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamminga, C. A., Stan, A. D., & Wagner, A. D. (2010). The hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1178–1193. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, K., Mizukawa, K., Ogawa, N., & Mori, A. (1995). Post-ischemic administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA-713 prevents delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus. Neurochemical Research, 20, 663–667. 10.1007/BF01705533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titone, D., Ditman, T., Holzman, P. S., Eichenbaum, H., & Levy, D. L. (2004). Transitive inference in schizophrenia: Impairments in relational memory organization. Schizophrenia Research, 68, 235–247. 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00152-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waelti, P., Dickinson, A., & Schultz, W. (2001). Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory. Nature, 412, 43–48. 10.1038/35083500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberger, D. R. (1999). Cell biology of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 395–402. 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00331-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub, D., & Burn, D. J. (2011). Parkinson's disease: The quintessential neuropsychiatric disorder. Movement Disorders, 26, 1022–1031. 10.1002/mds.23664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams-Gray, C. H., Foltynie, T., Lewis, S. J., & Barker, R. A. (2006). Cognitive deficits and psychosis in Parkinson's disease: A review of pathophysiology and therapeutic options. CNS Drugs, 20, 477–505. 10.2165/00023210-200620060-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, S. J., Pantelis, C., Proffitt, T., Phillips, L. J., Stuart, G. W., Buchanan, J. A., … McGorry, P. D. (2003). Spatial working memory ability is a marker of risk-for-psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1239–1247. 10.1017/S0033291703008067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, M., Newton, S. S., Atkins, J. B., Xu, C., Duman, R. S., & Alreja, M. (2003). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors activate septohippocampal GABAergic neurons via muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 307, 535–543. 10.1124/jpet.103.052514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahodne, L. B., & Fernandez, H. H. (2008a). Course, prognosis, and management of psychosis in Parkinson's disease: Are current treatments really effective? CNS Spectrums, 13, 26–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahodne, L. B., & Fernandez, H. H. (2008b). Pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease: A review. Drugs Aging, 25, 665–682. 10.2165/00002512-200825080-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zierhut, K., Bogerts, B., Schott, B., Fenker, D., Walter, M., Albrecht, D., … Schiltz, K. (2010). The role of hippocampus dysfunction in deficient memory encoding and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Research, 183, 187–194. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar