Hallucinations, loneliness, and social isolation in Alzheimer's disease

References

• Aartsen, M., & Jylha, M. (2011). Onset of loneliness in older adults: Results of a 28 year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing, 8, 31–38. doi:10.1007/s10433-011-0175-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badcock, J. C., Shah, S., Mackinnon, A., Stain, H. J., Galletly, C., Jablensky, A., & Morgan, V. A. (2015). Loneliness in psychotic disorders and its association with cognitive function and symptom profile. Schizophrenia Research, 169, 268–273. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth, J., Schneider, S., & von Kanel, R. (2010). Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 229–238. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d01611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassiony, M. M., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2003). Delusions and hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease: Review of the brain decade. Psychosomatics, 44, 388–401. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.44.5.388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassuk, S. S., Glass, T. A., & Berkman, L. F. (1999). Social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131, 165–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, W. (2002). The neural basis of Charles Bonnet hallucinations: A hypothesis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 73, 535–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. E., & Lee, B. A. (1992). Sources of personal neighbor networks: Social integration, need, or time? Social Forces, 70, 1077–1100. doi:10.1093/sf/70.4.1077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously. A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J., Ryan, J., Hunt, C., Romine, L., Wszalek, T., & Nash, C. (1999). Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies. Hippocampus, 9, 83–98. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:1<83::AID-HIPO9>3.0.CO;2-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Grace, G.-R., Joshi, P., & Pelletier, R. (1993). L’Échelle de solitude de l'Université Laval (ÉSUL): Validation canadienne-française du UCLA Loneliness Scale [A Canadian-French validation of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale]. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 25, 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diederen, K. M., Neggers, S. F., Daalman, K., Blom, J. D., Goekoop, R., Kahn, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. (2010). Deactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus preceding auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 427–435. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P. A. (2009). Older adult loneliness: Myths and realities. European Journal of Ageing, 6, 91–100. doi:10.1007/s10433-009-0110-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Haj, M., Antoine, P., & Kapogiannis, D. (2015a). Flexibility decline contributes to similarity of past and future thinking in Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus, 25, 1447–1455. doi:10.1002/hipo.22465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Haj, M., Antoine, P., & Kapogiannis, D. (2015b). Similarity between remembering the past and imagining the future in Alzheimer's disease: Implication of episodic memory. Neuropsychologia, 66, 119–125. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Haj, M., Laroi, F., Gely-Nargeot, M. C., & Raffard, S. (2015). Inhibitory deterioration may contribute to hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 20, 281–295. doi:10.1080/13546805.2015.1023392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ffytche, D. H., Howard, R. J., Brammer, M. J., David, A., Woodruff, P., & Williams, S. (1998). The anatomy of conscious vision: An fMRI study of visual hallucinations. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 738–742. doi:10.1038/3738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forstl, H., Burns, A., Levy, R., & Cairns, N. (1994). Neuropathological correlates of psychotic phenomena in confirmed Alzheimer's disease. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 53–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratiglioni, L., Wang, H. X., Ericsson, K., Maytan, M., & Winblad, B. (2000). Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: A community-based longitudinal study. Lancet, 355, 1315–1319. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02113-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1959). Loneliness. Psychiatry, 22, 1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gierveld, J. D. J. (1998). A review of loneliness: Concept and definitions, determinants and consequences. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• Grimby, A. (1993). Bereavement among elderly people: Grief reactions, post-bereavement hallucinations and quality of life. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 87, 72–80. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03332.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., & Buschke, H. (1987). Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 3, 13–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemsley, D. R. (2005). The development of a cognitive model of schizophrenia: Placing it in context. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 977–988. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, R. E. (2007). A social deafferentation hypothesis for induction of active schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33, 1066–1070. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, R. E. (2008). Auditory/verbal hallucinations, speech perception neurocircuitry, and the social deafferentation hypothesis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 39, 87–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd, S., Shepherd, M. L., & J. Hunter Downs, I. (2000). Occipital atrophy is associated with visual hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 12, 25–28. doi:10.1176/jnp.12.1.25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holwerda, T. J., Deeg, D. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., van Tilburg, T. G., Stek, M. L., Jonker, C., & Schoevers, R. A. (2014). Feelings of loneliness, but not social isolation, predict dementia onset: Results from the Amsterdam study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 85, 135–142. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardri, R., Cachia, A., Thomas, P., & Pins, D. (2013). The neuroscience of hallucinations. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Johns, L. C., Kompus, K., Connell, M., Humpston, C., Lincoln, T. M., Longden, E., … Larøi, F. (2014). Auditory verbal hallucinations in persons with and without a need for care. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(Suppl. 4), S255–S264. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larøi, F., DeFruyt, F., van Os, J., Aleman, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Associations between hallucinations and personality structure in a non-clinical sample: Comparison between young and elderly samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launay, G., & Slade, P. (1981). The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 221–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leudar, I., Thomas, P., Mcnally, D., & Glinski, A. (1997). What voices can do with words: Pragmatics of verbal hallucinations. Psychological Medicine, 27, 885–898. doi:10.1017/S0033291797005138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R, Jr., Kawas, C. H., … Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 7, 263–269. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane, R., Gedling, K., Reading, M., McDonald, B., Esiri, M. M., & Hope, T. (1995). Prospective study of relations between cortical Lewy bodies, poor eyesight, and hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 59, 185–188. doi:10.1136/jnnp.59.2.185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mega, M. S., Lee, L., Dinov, I. D., Mishkin, F., Toga, A. W., & Cummings, J. L. (2000). Cerebral correlates of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 69, 167–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayani, T. H., & David, A. S. (1996). The auditory hallucination: A phenomenological survey. Psychological Medicine, 26, 177–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaisen, M., & Thorsen, K. (2014). Who are lonely? Loneliness in different age groups (18–81 years old), using two measures of loneliness. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 78, 229–257. doi:10.2190/AG.78.3.b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennanen, C., Kivipelto, M., Tuomainen, S., Hartikainen, P., Hanninen, T., Laakso, M. P., … Soininen, H. (2004). Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in mild cognitive impairment and early AD. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 303–310. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00084-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, M. J., Harwood, R. H., Blizard, R. A., Thomas, A., & Mann, A. H. (1997). Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27, 323–332. doi:10.1017/S0033291796004485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves, S. J., Gould, R. L., Powell, J. F., & Howard, R. J. (2012). Origins of delusions in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 2274–2287. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 20–40. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D., George-Hyslop, P. H., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Joo, S. H., … Roses, A. D. (1993). Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 43, 1467–1467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarmeas, N., Brandt, J., Albert, M., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Papadimitriou, A., Dubois, B., … Stern, Y. (2005). Delusions and hallucinations are associated with worse outcome in Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 62, 1601–1608. doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.1601
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegel, R. K. (1984). Hostage hallucinations. Visual imagery induced by isolation and life-threatening stress. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172, 264–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 5797–5801. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vodanovich, S. J. (2003). Psychometric measures of boredom: A review of the literature. The Journal of Psychology, 137, 569–595. doi:10.1080/00223980309600636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, F. A., Badcock, J. C., Maybery, M. T., & Michie, P. T. (2003). Inhibition in schizophrenia: Association with auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 62, 275–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, F. A., Collerton, D., Ffytche, D. H., Jardri, R., Pins, D., Dudley, R., … Laroi, F. (2014). Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(Suppl. 4), S233–S245. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge: MIT press.
   Google Scholar
• Wenger, G. C., & Burholt, V. (2004). Changes in levels of social isolation and loneliness among older people in a rural area: A twenty-year longitudinal study. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 23(Special Issue/Numéro special 2), 115–127. doi:10.1353/cja.2004.0028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, R. S., Gilley, D. W., Bennett, D. A., Beckett, L. A., & Evans, D. A. (2000). Hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 69, 172–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L., … Bennett, D. A. (2007). Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 234–240. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, N., Pang, S., Cheung, C., Chang, R. S., Lau, K. K., Suckling, J., … Chua, S. E. (2015). Resting activity in visual and corticostriatal pathways in Parkinson's disease with hallucinations. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 21, 131–137. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zdanys, K. F., Kleiman, T. G., MacAvoy, M. G., Black, B. T., Rightmer, T. E., Grey, M., … van Dyck, C. H. (2007). Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele increases risk for psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 171–179. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar