Tackling hyperarousal: an integrative multimodal approach

References

• Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (2002). Validity of controlled clinical trials of psychotherapy: Findings from the NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(5), 775–783. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11986131 https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, S. W., Allwood, M. A., & Bowler, R. M. (2019). Posttraumatic stress trajectories in world trade center tower survivors: Hyperarousal and emotional numbing predict symptom change. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, W. R. (1991). Principles of the self-organizing system. In Facets of systems science, H. von Foerster and G. W. Zopf, eds, (Vol. 7, pp. 521–536). Springer US.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 16(7), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boettcher, H., & Barlow, D. H. (2019). The unique and conditional effects of interoceptive exposure in the treatment of anxiety: A functional analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 117, 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boettcher, H., Brake, C. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2016). Origins and outlook of interoceptive exposure. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 53, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Forbes, D., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2017). Acute and chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms in the emergence of posttraumatic stress disorder: A network analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2013a). The many faces of precision (replies to commentaries on “Whatever next? Neural prediction, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science”) [review]. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(270), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00270
   Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2013b). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2015). Surfing uncertainty: Prediction, action, and the embodied mind. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doron-LaMarca, S., Niles, B. L., King, D. W., King, L. A., Pless Kaiser, A., & Lyons, M. J. (2015). Temporal associations among chronic PTSD symptoms in U.S. Combat veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(5), 410–417. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, H., & Friston, K. (2010). Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy [Original research]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4(215), https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00215
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E., Hembree, E., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2007). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences therapist guide. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonkoue, I. T., Hu, Y., Jones, T., Vemulapalli, M., Sprick, J. D., Rothbaum, B., & Park, J. (2020). Eight weeks of device guided slow breathing decreases sympathetic nervous reactivity to stress in post-traumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 319, R466–R475. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. (2009). The free-energy principle: A rough guide to the brain? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(7), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? [10.1038/nrn2787]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. J., Shiner, T., FitzGerald, T., Galea, J. M., Adams, R., Brown, H., Dolan, R. J., Moran, R., Stephan, K. E., & Bestmann, S. (2012). Dopamine, affordance and active inference. PLOS Computational Biology, 8(1), e1002327. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. J., & Stephan, K. E. (2007). Free-energy and the brain. Synthese, 159(3), 417–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-007-9237-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. J., Stephan, K. E., Montague, R., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). Computational psychiatry: The brain as a phantastic organ. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70275-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galatzer-Levy, I., Bonanno, G., Bush, D., & LeDoux, J. (2013). Heterogeneity in threat extinction learning: Substantive and methodological considerations for identifying individual difference in response to stress [Original research]. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfinkel, S. N., & Liberzon, I. (2009). Neurobiology of PTSD: A review of neuroimaging findings. Psychiatric Annals, 39(6), 370–381. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20090527-01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, R., & Fredrick-Keniston, A. (2020). Memory reconsolidation as a common change process. In R. D. Lane, & L. Nadel (Eds.), Neuroscience of enduring change: Implications for psychotherapyâ (pp. 328–359). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hohwy, J. (2012). Attention and conscious perception in the hypothesis testing brain. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 96. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamison, A. L., Slightam, C., Bertram, F., Kim, S., & Roth, W. T. (2019). Randomized clinical trial of capnometry-assisted respiratory training in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder hyperarousal. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000525
   Google Scholar
• Katz, A. C., Norr, A. M., Buck, B., Fantelli, E., Edwards-Stewart, A., Koenen-Woods, P., Zetocha, K., Smolenski, D. J., Holloway, K., Rothbaum, B. O., Difede, J., Rizzo, A., Skopp, N., Mishkind, M., Gahm, G., Reger, G. M., & Andrasik, F. (2020). Changes in physiological reactivity in response to the trauma memory during prolonged exposure and virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(7), 756–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye, A. P., & Krystal, J. H. (2020). Predictive processing in mental illness: Hierarchical circuitry for perception and trauma. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(6), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothgassner, O. D., Goreis, A., Kafka, J. X., Van Eickels, R. L., Plener, P. L., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1654782. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1654782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupnik, V. (2018). Nested hierarchy for therapy integration: Integrating the integrative. International Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy, 8, 40–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupnik, V. (2019a). Bayesian approach to psychotherapy integration: Strategic modification of priors [perspective]. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(356), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00356
   Google Scholar
• Krupnik, V. (2019b). Trauma or adversity? Traumatology, 25(4), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000169
   Google Scholar
• Krupnik, V. (2020). Trauma or drama: A predictive processing perspective on the continuum of stress [conceptual analysis]. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1248), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01248
   Google Scholar
• Krupnik, V., & Cherkasova, M. V. (2019). Strategic symptom displacement in therapy of a motor conversion disorder comorbid with PTSD: Case presentation. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 49(3), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-018-9408-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kube, T., Berg, M., Kleim, B., & Herzog, P. (2020). Rethinking post-traumatic stress disorder – A predictive processing perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 113, 448–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Starling, E., & Bisson, J. I. (2020). Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1729633. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1729633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linson, A., & Friston, K. (2019). Reframing PTSD for computational psychiatry with the active inference framework. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 24(5), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2019.1665994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linson, A., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2020). Active inference, stressors, and psychological trauma: A neuroethological model of (mal)adaptive explore-exploit dynamics in ecological context. Behavioural Brain Research, 380, 112421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen, B. S., & Wingfield, J. C. (2003). The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Hormones and Behavior, 43(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00024-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, R. J., Heeren, A., & Robinaugh, D. J. (2017). A Bayesian network analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup3), 1341276. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1341276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, A A, Ros, T, Frewen, P A, Densmore, M, Theberge, J, Kluetsch, R C, Jetly, R, & Lanius, R A. (2016). Alpha oscillation neurofeedback modulates amygdala complex connectivity and arousal in posttraumatic stress disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 12, 506–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C. (2005). A primer on psychotherapy integration. In J. C. Norcross, & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration (2nd ed., pp. 3–23). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., Karpiak, C. P., & Lister, K. M. (2005). What's an integrationist? A study of self-identified integrative and (occasionally) eclectic psychologists. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(12), 1587–1594. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., & Khalsa, S. S. (2019). An active inference approach to interoceptive psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 97–122. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters, A., McEwen, B. S., & Friston, K. (2017). Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain. Progress in Neurobiology, 156, 164–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petta, L. M. (2017). Resonance frequency breathing biofeedback to reduce symptoms of subthreshold PTSD with an Air force special tactics operator: A Case study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 42(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-017-9356-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polak, A. R., Witteveen, A. B., Denys, D., & Olff, M. (2015). Breathing biofeedback as an adjunct to exposure in cognitive behavioral therapy hastens the reduction of PTSD symptoms: A pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9268-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, M., Spinazzola, J., Musicaro, R., Turner, J., Suvak, M., Emerson, D., & van der Kolk, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an extended yoga treatment for women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(4), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prowse, P., & Nagel, T. (2015). A meta-evaluation: The role of treatment fidelity within psychosocial interventions during the last decade. Journal of Psychiatry, 18(251), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/psychiatry.1000251
   Google Scholar
• Rauch, S., & Foa, E. (2006). Emotional processing theory (EPT) and exposure therapy for PTSD. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36(2), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-006-9008-y
   Google Scholar
• Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. (1993). Cognitive processing therapy for rape victims: A treatment manual. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ruscio, A. M., Ruscio, J., & Keane, T. M. (2002). The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.111.2.290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schell, T. L., Marshall, G. N., & Jaycox, L. H. (2004). All symptoms Are Not created equal: The prominent role of hyperarousal in the natural course of posttraumatic Psychological distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnurr, P. P., & Lunney, C. A. (2019). Residual symptoms following prolonged exposure and present-centered therapy for PTSD in female veterans and soldiers. Depression and Anxiety, 36(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, F. (2017). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: Basic principles, protocols and procedures (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, Z., Horesh, D., & Ein-Dor, T. (2009). The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters among war veterans. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(6), 837–843. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenkamp, M. M., Litz, B. T., Hoge, C. W., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Psychotherapy for military-related PTSD: A review of Randomized clinical trials. Jama, 314(5), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.8370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterling, P. (2012). Allostasis: A model of predictive regulation. Physiology & Behavior, 106(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundin, J., Fear, N. T., Iversen, A., Rona, R. J., & Wessely, S. (2010). PTSD after deployment to Iraq: Conflicting rates, conflicting claims. Psychological Medicine, 40(3), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709990791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolin, D. F., Davies, C. D., Moskow, D. M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2020). Biofeedback and neurofeedback for anxiety disorders: A quantitative and qualitative systematic review. In Y. K. Kim (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders (Vol. 1191, pp 265-289). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Kolk, B. A., Stone, L., West, J., & Rhodes, A. (2014). Original research yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(6), e559–e565. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wald, J., & Taylor, S. (2008). Responses to interoceptive exposure in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A preliminary analysis of induced anxiety reactions and trauma memories and their relationship to anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptom severity. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070801969054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker, J., & Pacik, D. (2017). Controlled rhythmic yogic breathing as complementary treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans: A case series. Medical Acupuncture, 29(4), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2017.1215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston, C. (2014). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A theoretical model of the hyperarousal subtype. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5, 37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, S., Dodgson, G., & Meares, K. (2017). Predictive processing and the varieties of psychological trauma [conceptual analysis]. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1840), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01840
   Google Scholar
• Williston, S. K., Grossman, D., Mori, D. L., & Niles, B. L. (2020). Mindfulness interventions in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000363
   Google Scholar