264
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Examination of xylene exposure in the U.S. Population through biomonitoring: NHANES 2005–2006, 2011–2016

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Pages 65-73 | Received 13 Oct 2020, Accepted 29 Nov 2020, Published online: 17 Dec 2020

References

  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Xylene.
  • Alwis, K.U., et al., 2012. Simultaneous analysis of 28 urinary VOC metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS). Analytica chimica acta., 750, 152–160.
  • Angerer, J., and Lehnert, G., 1979. Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. VIII. Phenolic compounds-metabolites of alkylbenzenes in man. Simultaneous exposure to ethylbenzene and xylenes. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 43 (2), 145–150.
  • Bagchi, P., et al., 2018. Crotonaldehyde exposure in U.S. tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012. Environmental research., 163, 1–9.
  • Barr, D.B., et al., 2005. Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements. Environmental health perspectives, 113 (2), 192–200.
  • Biren, C., et al., 2020. Isoprene exposure in the United States based on urinary IPM3: NHANES 2015–2016. Environmental science technology., 54 (4), 2370–2378.
  • Boyle, E.B., et al., 2016. Assessment of exposure to VOCs among pregnant women in the National Children’s Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13 (4), 376.
  • Capella, K.M., et al., 2019. Ethylbenzene and styrene exposure in the United States based on urinary mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012. Environmental research, 171, 101–110.
  • Chambers, D.M., et al., 2006. An improved approach for accurate quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene in blood. Analytical chemistry, 78 (15), 5375–5383.
  • Chambers, D.M., et al., 2011. Impact of cigarette smoking on volatile organic compound (VOC) blood levels in the U.S. population: NHANES 2003-2004. Environment international, 37 (8), 1321–1328.
  • Droz, P.O., et al., 1997. Ethnic differences in biological monitoring of several organic solvents. I. Human exposure experiment. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 69 (5), 343–349.
  • Engstrom, K., et al., 1977. Percutaneous absorption of m-xylene in man. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 39, 181–189.
  • Espenship, M.F., et al., 2019. Nitromethane exposure from Tobacco smoke and diet in the U.S. population: NHANES, 2007–2012. Environmental science & technology, 53 (4), 2134–2140.
  • Gonzalez-Reche, L.M., et al., 2003. New approaches to the metabolism of xylenes: verification of the formation of phenylmercapturic acid metabolites of xylenes. Archives of toxicology, 77 (2), 80–85.
  • Hornung, R.W., and Reed, L.D., 1990. Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Applied occupational and environmental hygiene, 5 (1), 46–51.
  • Inoue, O., et al., 1986. Possible ethnic difference in toluene metabolism: a comparative study among Chinese, Turkish and Japanese solvent workers. Toxicology letters, 34 (2–3), 167–174.
  • Lundberg, I., and Sollenberg, J., 1986. Correlation of xylene exposure and methyl hippuric acid excretion in urine among paint industry workers. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 12 (2), 149–153.
  • Mohammadyan, M., and Baharfar, Y., 2015. Control of workers’ exposure to xylene in a pesticide production factory. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 21 (2), 121–126.
  • Niaz, K., et al., 2015. A review of environmental and occupational exposure to xylene and its health concerns. EXCLI journal, 14, 1167–1186.
  • Ogata, M., et al., 1969. Quantitative determination in urine of hippuric acid and m- or p-methylhippuric acid, metabolites of toluene and m- or p-xylene. British journal of industrial medicine, 26 (4), 330–334.
  • OSHA. 2012. Xylene exposure limits and health effects. Atlanta: United States Department of Labor.
  • Pazo, D.Y., et al., 2016. Mainstream smoke levels of volatile organic compounds in 50 U.S. domestic cigarette brands smoked with the ISO and Canadian intense protocols. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco, 18 (9), 1886–1894.
  • Pirkle, J.L., 1996. Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA, 275 (16), 1233–1240.
  • Rajan, S.T., and Malathi, N., 2014. Health hazards of xylene: a literature review. J clin diagn res, 8, 271–274.
  • Riihimäki, V., and Savolainen, K., 1980. Human exposure to m-xylene. Kinetics and acute effects on the central nervous system. The annals of occupational hygiene, 23 (4), 411–422.
  • Saliba, G., et al., 2017. Comparison of Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) vehicle emissions: emission certification standards, cold-start, secondary organic aerosol formation potential, and potential climate impacts. Environmental science & technology, 51 (11), 6542–6552.
  • Sedivec, V., and Flek, J., 1976. The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of xylenes in man. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 37 (3), 205–217.
  • Staszewska, E., et al., 2012. Control of landfill gases emission with particular emphasis on BTEX. Ecological chemistry and engineering s, 19 (2), 239–248.
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (NHANES) 2005.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.