Increased detection of serum HHV-6 DNA sequences during multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations and correlation with parameters of MS disease progression

References

• Ablashi DV, Lapps W, Kaplan M, Whitman JE, Richert JR, Pearson GR (1998). Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in-fection in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary report. Mult Scler 4: 490–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhyani N, Berti R, Brennan MB, Soldan SS, Eaton JM, McFarland HF, Jacobson S (2000). Tissue distribu-tion and variant characterization of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6: increased prevalence of HHV-6A in patients with multiple sclerosis. I Infect Dis 182: 1321–1325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berti R, Jacobson S (1999). Role of viral infection in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. Status of current knowledge and therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 12: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Berti R, Soldan SS, Akhyani N, McFarland HF, Jacobson S (2000). Extended observations on the association of HHV-6 and multiple sclerosis. I NeuroVirol 6\(Suppl 2): S85—S87.
   Google Scholar
• Blumberg BM, Mock DJ, Powers JM, Ito M, Assouline JG, Baker JV, Chen B, Goodman AD (2000). The HHV6 paradox: ubiquitous commensal or insidious pathogen? A two-step in situ PCR approach. I Clin Virol 16: 159–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boom R, Sol CJ, Salimans MM, Jansen CL, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van der Noordaa J (1990). Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. I Clin Microbiol 28: 495–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caserta MT, Hall CB (1993). Human herpesvirus-6. Annu Rev Med 44: 377–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K, McIntyre K, Long C, Costanzo M, Dewhurst S, Insel R, Epstein LG (1994). Neuroinvasion and persistence of human herpesvirus 6 in children. I Infect Dis 170: 1586–1589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, MacLeod DL, Coulter SN, Rose TM, Schultz ER, Bennett JL, Garber RL, Chang M, Schad PA, Stewart PM, Nowinski RC, Brown JP, Barmer GC (1995). Plaque-associated expression of hu-man herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Nat] Acad Sci USA 92: 7440–7444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook SD (1997). Multiple sclerosis and viruses. Mult Scler 3: 388–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebers GC (1994). Genetics and multiple sclerosis: an overview. Ann Neurol 36: S12–S14.
   Google Scholar
• Enbom M, Wang FZ, Fredrikson S, Martin C, Dahl H, Linde A (1999). Similar humoral and cellular immunological reactivities to human herpesvirus 6 inpatients with mul-tiple sclerosis and controls. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 545–549.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman JE, Lyons MJ, Cu G, Ablashl DV, Whitman JE, Edgar M, Koskiniemi M, Vaheri A, Zabriskie JB (1999). The association of the human herpesvirus-6 and MS. Mult Scler 5: 355–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg SH, Albright AV, Lisak RP, Gonzalez-Scarano F (1999). Polymerase chain reaction analysis of human herpesvirus-6 sequences in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. I NeuroVirol 5: 134–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, McCarthy M, Zhou Y, Chandran B, Wood C (1996). Infection of primary human fetal astrocytes by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 70: 1296–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter SF, Rodriguez M (1995). Multiple sclerosis: a unique immunopathological syndrome of the central nervous system. Springer Semin Immunopathol 17: 89–105.
   Google Scholar
• Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ (1998). Human herpesvirus-6: neurologic implications of a newly-described viral pathogen. J NeuroVirol 4: 474–485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox KK, Carrigan DR (1995). Active human herpesvirus (HHV-6) infection of the central nervous system in pa-tients with AIDS. I Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 9: 69–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackenzie IR, Carrigan DR, Wiley CA (1995). Chronic myelopathy associated with human herpesvirus-6. Neurology 45: 2015–2017.
   Google Scholar
• Martin C, Enbom M, Soderstrom M, Fredrikson S, Dahl H, Lycke J, Bergstrom T, Linde A (1997). Absence of seven human herpesviruses, including HHV-6, by polymerase chain reaction in CSF and blood from patients with mul-tiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Acta Neurol Scand 95: 280–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin R, McFarland HF (1997). Immunology of multi-ple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyeli-tis. In: Multiple sclerosis clinical and pathogenetic basis. Raine CS, McFarland HF, Tourtellotte WW (eds). Chapman & Hall: New York, pp 287–305.
   Google Scholar
• McFarland HF, Frank JA, Albert PS, Smith ME, Martin R, Harris JO, Patronas N, Maloni H, McFarlin DE (1992). Using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imag-ing lesions to monitor disease activity in multiple scle-rosis. Ann Neurol 32: 758–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panitch HS (1994). Influence of infection on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 36: S25–S28.
   Google Scholar
• Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg LC (1983). New diagnos-tic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 13: 227–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadovnick AD (1993). Familial recurrence risks and inheri-tance of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 6: 189–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, Markham PD, Josephs SF, Sturzenegger S, Kaplan M, Halligan G, Biberfeld P, Wong-Staal F, Kramarsky B, Gallo RC (1986). Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Science 234: 596–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secchiero P, Carrigan DR, Asano Y, Benedetti L, Crowley RW, Komaroff AL, Gallo RC, Lusso P (1995). Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in plasma of children with primary infection and immunosuppressed patients by polymerase chain reaction. I Infect Dis 171: 273–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola P, Merelli E, Marasca R, Poggi M, Luppi M, Montorsi M, Torelli G (1993). Human herpesvirus 6 and multi-ple sclerosis: survey of anti-HHV-6 antibodies by im-munofluorescence analysis and of viral sequences by polymerase chain reaction. I Neurol Neurosurg Psychi-aby 56: 917–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldan SS, Berti R, Salem N, Secchiero P, Flamand L, Calabresi PA, Brennan MB, Maloni HW, McFarland HF, Lin HC, Patnaik M, Jacobson S (1997). Association of human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) with multiple sclerosis: increased IgM response to HHV-6 early antigen and de-tection of serum HHV-6 DNA [see comments]. Nat Med 3: 1394–1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldan SS, Jacobson S (2001). Role of viruses in etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. In: Advances in virus research. Buchmeier M, Campbell I (eds). Aca-demic Press: San Diego, pp 513–551.
   Google Scholar
• Soldan SS, Leist TP, Juhng KN, McFarland HF, Jacobson S (2000). Increased lymphoproliferative response to hu-man herpesvirus type 6A variant in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 47: 306–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomsone V, Logina I, Millers A, Chapenko S, Kozireva S, Murovska M (2001). Association of human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 with demyelinating disease of the nervous system. I NeuroVirology 7: 564–569.
   Google Scholar
• Wilborn F, Schmidt CA, Brinkmann V, Jendroska K, Oettle H, Siegert W (1994). A potential role for human her-pesvirus type 6 in nervous system disease. I Neuro-imm unol 49: 213–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanishi K, Okuno T, Shiraki K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano Y, Kurata T (1988). Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum [see comments]. Lancet 1: 1065–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar