REFERENCES
- Alexopoulou L, Holt A C, Medzhitov R, Flavell R A. 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by toll-like receptor 3. Nature. 413: 732–738. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Antalis T M, Linn M L, Donnan K, Mateo L, Gardner J, Dickinson J L, Buttigieg K, Suhrbier A. 1998. The serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) plasminogen activation inhibitor type 2 protects against viral cytopathic effects by constitutive interferon alpha/beta priming. J Exp Med. 187: 1799–1811. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Aucouturier P, Geissmann F, Darnotte D, Saborio G P, Meeker H C, Kascsak R, Carp R I, Wisniewski T. 2001. Infected splenic dendritic cells are sufficient for prion transmission to the CNS in mouse scrapie. J Clin Invest. 108: 703–708. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Baca L M, Genis P, Kalvakolanu D, Sen G, Meltzer M S, Zhou A, Silverman R, Gendelman H E. 1994. Regulation of interferon-alpha-inducible cellular genes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 55: 299–309. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Baker C A, Manuelidis L. 2003. Unique inflammatory profiles of microglia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100: 675–679. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Baker C A, Martin D, Manuelidis L. 2002. Microglia from CJD brain are infectious and show specific mRNA activation profiles. J Virol. 76: 10905–10913. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Barron R M, Thomson V, Jamieson E, Melton D W, Ironside J, Will R G, Manson J C. 2001. Changing a single amino acid in the N-terminus of murine PrP alters TSE incubation time across three species barriers. EMBO J. 20: 5070–5078. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Belardelli F, Vignaux F, Proietti E, Gresser I. 1984. Injection of mice with antibody to interferon renders peritoneal macrophages permissive for vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 81: 602–606. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Betmouni S, V. H., P, Gordon J L. 1996. Evidence for an early inflammatory response in the central nervous system of mice with scrapie. Neuroscience. 74: 1–5. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Boyle K A, Pietropaolo R L, Compton T. 1999. Engagement of the cellular receptor for glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus activates the interferon-responsive pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 19: 3607–3613. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Brown K L, Stewart K, Ritchie D L, Mabbott N A, Williams A, Fraser H, Morrison W I, Bruce M E. 1999. Scrapie repliction in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells. Nat Med. 5: 1308–1312. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Burysek L, Pitha P M. 2001. Latently expressed human herpesvirus 8-encoded interferon regulatory factor 2 inhibits double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. J Virol. 75: 2345–2352. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Combs C K, Johnson D E, Cannady S B, Lehman T M, Landreth G E. 1999. Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of beta-amyloid and prion proteins. J Neurosci. 19: 929–939
- Combs C K, Karlo J C, Kao S C, Landreth G E. 2001. Beta-amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNF-alpha dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci. 21: 1179–1188. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Doyle S E, Vaidya S A, O'Connell R, Dadgostar H, Dempsey P W, Wu T T, Rao G, Sun R, Haberland M E, Modlin R L, Cheng G. 2002. IRF3 mediates a TLR3/TLR4-specific antiviral gene program. Immunity. 17: 251–263. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Eisen M B, Spellman P T, Brown P O, Botstein D. 1998. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95: 14863–14868. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Eklund E A, Jalava A, Kakar R. 1998. PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 1, and interferon consensus sequence-binding protein cooperate to increase gp91phox expression. J Biol Chem. 273: 13957–13965. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Fiebich B L, Lieb K, Engels S, Heinrich M. 2002. Inhibition of LPS-induced p42/44 MAP kinase activation and iNOS/NO synthesis by parthenolide in rat primary microglial cells. J Neuroimmunol. 132: 18–24. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gotoh B, Takeuchi K, Komatsu T, Yokoo J. 2003. The STAT2 activation process is a crucial target of sendai virus C protein for the blockade of alpha interferon signaling. J Virol. 77: 3360–3370. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gresser I, Maury C, Chandler R L. 1983. Failure to modify scrapie in mice by administration of interferon or anti-interferon globulin. J Gen Virol. 64: 1387–1389. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Hill A, Antoniou M, Collinge J. 1999. Protease-resistant prion protein produced in vitro lacks detectable infectivity. J Gen Virol. 80: 11–14. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Hsiao K K, Groth D, Scott M, Yang S-L, Serban H, Rapp D, Foster D, Torchia M, De, Armond S J, Prusiner S B. 1994. Serial transmission in rodents of neurodegeneration from transgenic mice expressing mutant prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91: 9126–9130. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Izmailova E, Bertley F MN, Huang Q, Makori N, Miller C J, Young R A, Aldovini A. 2003. HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages. Nat Med. 9: 191–197. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Johnson R A, Huong S M, Huang E S. 2000. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 by human cytomegalovirus infection through two distinct pathways: a novel mechanism for activation of p38. J Virol. 74: 1158–1167. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Kim J I, Ju W K, Choi J H, Kim J, Choi E K, Carp R I, Wisniewski H M, Kim Y S. 1999. Expression of cytokine genes and increased nuclear factor-kappa B activity in the brains of scrapie-infected mice. Mol Brain Res. 73: 17–27. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Lasmezas C I, Deslys J P, Robain O, Jaegly A, Beringue V, Peyrin J M, Fournier J G, Hauw J J, Rossier J, Dormont D. 1997. Transmission of the BSE agent to mice in the absence of detectable abnormal prion protein. Science. 275: 402–405. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Lewicki H, Tishon A, Homann D, Mazarguil H, Laval F, Asensio V C, Campbell I L, De, Armond S, Coon B, Teng C, Gairin J E, Oldstone M BA. 2003. T cells infiltrate the brain in murine and human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. J Virol. 77: 3799–3808. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Lin R, Heylbroeck C, Pitha P M, Hiscott J. 1998. Virus-dependent phosphorylation of the IRF-3 transcription factor regulates nuclear translocation, transactivation potential, and proteosome-mediated degredation. Mol Cell Biol. 18: 2986–2996. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis E E, Gorgacs E J, Manuelidis L. 1978. Viremia in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Science. 200: 1069–1071. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis E E, Kim J H, Mericangas J R, Manuelidis L. 1985. Transmission to animals of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from human blood. Lancet. 2: 896–897. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L. 1997. Beneath the emperor's clothes: the body of experimental evidence in scrapie and CJD. Ann L'Institut Pasteur. 8: 311–326
- Manuelidis L. 1998. Vaccination with an attenuated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strain prevents expression of a virulent agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95: 2520–2525. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Fritch W. 1996. Infectivity and host responses in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Virology. 216: 46–59. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Fritch W, Xi Y G. 1997. Evolution of a strain of CJD that induces BSE-like plaques. Science. 277: 94–98. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Lu Z Y. 2000. Attenuated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agents can hide more virulent infections. Neurosci Lett. 293: 163–166. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Lu Z Y. 2003. Virus-like interference in the latency and prevention of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100: 5360–5365. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Sklaviadis T, Akowitz A, Fritch W. 1995. Viral particles are required for infection in neurodegenerative Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92: 5124–5128. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Manuelidis L, Zaitsev I, Koni P, Lu Z Y, Flavell R A, Fritch W. 2000. Follicular dendritic cells and dissemination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Virol. 74: 8614–8622. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Marecki S, Reidneau C J, Liang M D, Fenton M J. 2001. PU.1 and multiple IFN regulatory factor proteins syngergize to mediate transcriptional activation of the human IL-1 beta gene. J Immunol. 166: 6829–6838. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Martin M, Romero X, Angel, de la, Fuente M, Tovar V, Zapater N, Esplugues E, Pizcueta P, Bosch J, Engel P. 2001. CD84 functions as a homophilic adhesion molecule and enchances IFN-gamma secretion: adhesion is mediated by Ig-like domain 1. J Immunol. 167: 3668–3676. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Nakaya T, Sato M, Hata N, Asagiri M, Suemori H, Noguchi S, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. 2001. Gene induction pathways mediated by distinct IRFs during viral infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 283: 1150–1156. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Navarro L, David M. 1999. p38-dependent activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 by lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem. 274: 35535–35538. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Parisien J P, Lau J F, Rodriguez J J, Sullivan B M, Moscona A, Parks G D, Lamb R A, Horvath C M. 2001. The V protein of human parainfluenza virus 2 antagonizes type I interferon responses by destabilizing signal transducer and activator of transcription 2. Virology. 283: 230–239. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Parisien J P, Lau J F, Rodriguez J J, Ulane C M, Horvath C M. 2002. Selective STAT protein degradation induced by paramyxoviruses requires both STAT1 and STAT2 but is independent of alpha/beta interferon signal transduction. J Virol. 76: 4190–4198. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Prusiner S B, Scott M R, De, Armond S J, Cohen F E. 1998. Prion protein biology. Cell. 93: 337–348. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Riemer C, Queck I, Simon D, Kurth R, Baier M. 2000. Identification of up-regulated genes in scrapie-infected brain tissue. J Virol. 74: 10245–10248. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Rodriguez J J, Parisien J P, Horvath C M. 2002. Nipah virus V protein evades alpha and gamma interferons by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 activation and nuclear accumulation. J Virol. 76: 11476–11483. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Rolle S, De, Andrea M, Gioia D, Lembo D, Hertel L, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. 2001. The interferon-inducible 204 gene is transcriptionally activated by mouse cytomegalovirus and is required for its replication. Virology. 296: 249–255
- Ruvolo V, Navarro L, Sample C E, David M, Sung S, Swaminathan S. 2003. The Epstein-Barr virus SM protein induces STAT1 and interferon-stimulated gene expression. J Virol. 77: 3690–3701. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Saborio G P, Permanne B, Soto C. 2001. Sensitive detection of pathological prion protein by cyclic amplification of protein misfolding. Nature. 411: 810–813. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Sato M, Suemori H, Hata N, Asagiri M, Ogasawara K, Nakao K, Nakaya T, Kateuki M, Noguchi S, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. 2000. Distinct and essential roles of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in response to viruses for IFN alpha/beta gene induction. Immunity. 13: 539–548. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Schneider-Schaulies J, ter, Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S. 2001. Measles virus interactions with cellular receptors: consequences for viral pathogenesis. J NeuroVirol. 7: 391–399. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Servant M J, ten, Oever B, Le, Page C, Conti L, Gessani S, Julkunen I, Lin R, Hiscott J. 2001. Identification of distinct signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3. J Biol Chem. 276: 355–363. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Sethi S, Lipford G, Wagner H, Kretzschmar H A. 2002. Postexposure prophylaxis against prion disease with a stimulator of innate immunity. Lancet. 360: 229–230. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Sidorenko S P, Clark E A. 2003. The dual-function CD150 receptor subfamily: the viral attraction. Nat Immunol. 4: 19–24. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Takeuchi O, Akira S. 2002. Genetic approaches to the study of Toll-like receptor function. Microbes Infect. 4: 887–895. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Tamura T, Nagamura-Inoue T, Shmeltzer Z, Kuwata T, Ozato K. 2002. ICSBP directs bipotential myeloid progenitor cells to differentiate into mature macrophages. Immunity. 13: 155–165
- Taniguchi T, Takaoka A. 2002. The interferon-alpha/beta system in antiviral responses: a multimodal machinery of gene regulation by the IRF family of transcription factors. Curr Opin Immunol. 14: 111–116. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- ten, Oever B R, Servant M J, Grandvaux N, Lin R, Hiscott J. 2002. Recognition of the measles virus nucleocapsid as a mechanism of IRF-3 activation. J Virol. 76: 3659–3669. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Wathelet M G, Lin C H, Parekh B S, Ronco L V, Howley P M, Maniatis T. 1998. Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enchancer in vivo. Mol Cell. 1: 507–518. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Xi Y-G, Ingrosso L, Ladogana A, Masullo C, Pocchiari M. 1992. Amphotericin B treatment dissociates in vivo replication of the scrapie agent from PrP accumulation. Nature. 356: 598–601. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Xiang Y, Condit R C, Vijaysri S, Jacobs B, Williams B RG, Silverman R H. 2002. Blockade of interferon induction and action by the E3L double-stranded RNA binding proteins of vaccinia virus. J Virol. 76: 5251–5259. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]