Atypical radiological presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following liver transplantation

REFERENCES

• Aksamit A J. Treatment of non-AIDS progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with cytosine arabinoside. J NeuroVirol 2001; 7: 386–390, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger J R, Levy R M, Flomenhoft D, Dobbs M. Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 1998a; 44: 341–349, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger J R, Pall L, Lanska D, Whiteman M. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection. J NeuroVirol 1998b; 4: 59–68, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronster D J, Emre S, Boccagni P, Sheiner P A, Schwartz M E, Miller C M. Central nervous system complications in liver transplant recipients—incidence, timing, and long-term follow-up. Clin Transplant 2000; 14: 1–7, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Luca A, Giancola M L, Ammassari A, Grisetti S, Paglia M G, Gentile M, Cingolani A, Murri R, Liuzzi G, Monforte A D, Antinori A. The effect of potent antiretroviral therapy and JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid on clinical outcome of patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 2000; 182: 1077–1083, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Pasquier R A, Koralnik I J. Inflammatory reaction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: harmful or beneficial?. J NeuroVirol 2003; 9(Suppl 1)25–31, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du Pasquier R A, Kuroda M J, Schmitz J E, Zheng Y, Martin K, Peyerl F W, Lifton M, Gorgone D, Autissier P, Letvin N L, Koralnik I J. Low frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the novel HLA-A*0201-restricted JC virus epitope VP1(p36) in patients with proven or possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Virol 2003; 77: 11918–11926, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann C, Horst H A, Albrecht H, Schlote W. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with unusual inflammatory response during antiretroviral treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 1142–1144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hou J, Major E O. The efficacy of nucleoside analogs against JC virus multiplication in a persistently infected human fetal brain cell line. J NeuroVirol 1998; 4: 451–456, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koralnik I J. Overview of the cellular immunity against JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J NeuroVirol 2002; 8(Suppl 2)59–65, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koralnik I J, Boden D, Mai V X, Lord C I, Letvin N L. JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 1999; 52: 253–260, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koralnik I J, Du Pasquier R A, Kuroda M J, Schmitz J E, Dang X, Zheng Y, Lifton M, Letvin N L. Association of prolonged survival in HLA-A2+ progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients with a CTL response specific for a commonly recognized JC virus epitope. J Immunol 2002; 168: 499–504, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak E J, Vilchez R A, Randhawa P, Shapiro R, Butel J S, Kusne S. Pathogenesis and management of polyomavirus infection in transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 1081–1087, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis M B, Howdle P D. Neurologic complications of liver transplantation in adults. Neurology 2003; 61: 1174–1178, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mader I, Herrlinger U, Klose U, Schmidt F, Kuker W. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of lesion development with diffusion-weighted MRI. Neuroradiology 2003; 45: 717–721, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mamidi A, DeSimone J A, Pomerantz R J. Central nervous system infections in individuals with HIV-1 infection. J NeuroVirol 2002; 8: 158–167, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez A J, Ahdab-Barmada M. The neuropathology of liver transplantation: comparison of main complications in children and adults. Mod Pathol 1993; 6: 25–32, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mueller X M. Drug immunosuppression therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 1: immune response to allograft and mechanism of action of immunosuppressants. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77: 354–362, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post M J, Yiannoutsos C, Simpson D, Booss J, Clifford D B, Cohen B, McArthur J C, Hall C D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival? AIDS Clinical Trials Group, 243 Team. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20: 1896–1906, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power C, Gladden J G, Halliday W, Del Bigio M R, Nath A, Ni W, Major E O, Blanchard J, Mowat M. AIDS- and non-AIDS-related PML association with distinct p53 polymorphism. Neurology 2000; pp 743–746
   Google Scholar
• Seth P, Diaz F, Major E O. Advances in the biology of JC virus and induction of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J NeuroVirol 2003; 9: 236–246, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurnher M M, Post M J, Rieger A, Kleibl-Popov C, Loewe C, Schindler E. Initial and follow-up MR imaging findings in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22: 977–984, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber T, Trebst C, Frye S, Cinque P, Vago L, Sindic C J, Schulz-Schaeffer W J, Kretzschmar H A, Enzensberger W, Hunsmann G, Luke W. Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 250–254, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijdicks E F. Neurotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. Liver Transpl 2001; 7: 937–942, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar