Reference List
- Anderson BC, Manthey R, Brouns MC. Treatment of de Quervains tenosynovitis with corticosteroid: a prospective study of the response to local injection. Arthr Rheum 1991; 34:793–798.
- Arrol B, Goodyear-Smith F. Corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis of the knee: meta-analysis. BMJ 2004; 328:869–870.
- Barbagli P, Bollettin R, Ceccherelli F. Acupuncture (dry needle) versus neural therapy (local anaesthetic) in the treatment of benign low back pain. Minerva Med 2003; 94(Suppl l): 17–25.
- Blomberg S, et al. Controlled multicentre trial of manual therapy in low back pain. Scand J Primary Health Care 1992; 10:2–8.
- Bunker TD, Anthony PP. The pathology of frozen shoulder: a Dupuytren-like disease. J Bone Jt Surg 1995; 77B:677–683.
- Bush K, Hillier S. Outcome of cervical radiculopathy treated with peri-radicular/epidural corticosteroid injections: a prospective study with independent clinical review. European Spine Journal 1996; 5:319–325.
- Byrn C, Olsson I, Falkheden L. Subcutaneous sterile water injections for chronic neck and shoulder pain following whiplash injuries. Lancet 1993; 341:449–452.
- Carette S, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus. New England Journal of Medicine 336, 1634–1640. 1997.
- Coomes EN. A comparison between epidural anaesthesia and bed rest in sciatica. Brit Med J 1961; 1:20–24.
- Danziger N, Gautron M, et al. Activation of DNIC in rats with an experimental peripheral mononeuropathy. Pain 2001; 91:287–296.
- Dechow E, Davies RK, Carr AJ, Thompson PW. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of sclerosing injections in patients with chronic low back pain. Rheumatology 1999; 38:1255–1259.
- Dilke TFW, et al. Extradural corticosteroid injection management of lumbar nerve root compression. British Medical Journal 1973; 2:635–637.
- Doran A, Gresham OA, Rushton N, et al. Tennis elbow. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases followed for 2 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1990;535–538.
- Dreyfuss P, Halbrook B, Pauza K, et al. Efficacy and validity of RF neurotomy for chronic lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Spine 2000; 25:1270–1277.
- Ercelen O, Bulutcu E, Oktenoglu T, et al. Radiofrequency lesioning using two different time modalities for the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain: a randomized trial. Spine 2003; 28:1922–1927.
- Ferrell WR, Balint PY, Sturrock RD. Novel use of laser doppler imaging for investigating epicondylitis. Rheumatology, 2000; 39:1214–1217.
- Forster MC, Straw R, Rowles JM. A prospective randomised trial comparing intra-articular sodium hyaluronate and arthroscopic washout for knee osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg 2003; 85B(Suppl.II): 103.
- Fredberg U, Blovig L, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, et al. Ultrasonography as a tool for diagnosis guidance of local steroid injection. Scand J Rheum 2004; 33:94–101.
- Gam AN, Schydlowsky P, Rossel I, Remvig L, et al. Treatment of frozen shoulder with distension and glucocorticoid compared with glucocorticoid alone. Scand J Rheum 1998; 27:425–430.
- Garvey TA, Maks MR, Wiesel SW. A prospective randomized double-blind evaluation of triggerpoint injection therapy for low back pain. Spine 1989; 14:962–964.
- Gedney EH. The hypermobile joint. Osteopathic Profession 1937; 4:30–31.
- Gomoll A, Katz J, Warner JJP, et al. Rotator cuff disorders: recognition and management among patients with shoulder pain. Arthr Rheum 2004; 50:3751–3761.
- Grunnesjo MI, Bogefeldt JP, Svardsudd KF, Blomberg SIE. A randomized controlled clinical trial of stay-active care versus manual therapy in addition to stay-active care: functional variables and pain. J Manip Physiol Therapeutics 2004; 27:431–441.
- Gunn CC, Milbrandt WE, Little AS, Mason KE. Dry needling of muscle motor points for chronic low back pain. Spine 1980;5:132–144.
- Hackett GS. Ligament and tendon relaxation. Chicago: Charles C .Thomas, 1956.
- Hay EH, Paterson SM, Lewis M, Croft P. Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of local corticosteroid injection and naproxen for treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow in primary care. British Med J 1999; 319:964–968.
- Hollingworth G, Ellis RM, Hattersley T. Injection techniques for shoulder pain. Brit Med J 2005; 287:1339–1341.
- Hong CZ. Lidocaine injection versus dry needling to myofascial trigger points. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 73:256–263.
- Hubbard D. Muscular trigger points show spontaneous needle activity. Spine 1993 ; 18:1802–1805.
- Jones DS, Chattopadhyay C. Suprascapular nerve block for the treatment of frozen shoulder. BrJ Gen Pract 49, 39–41. 1999.
- Khan KM, Cook JL, Kannus P, Maffulli N, Bonar SF. Time to abandon the ‘tendinitis’ myth. Brit Med J 2002; 324:626–627.
- Klein R, Dorman T, Johnson C. Prolotherapy in back pain. J Neurol Orthop Med Surg 1989; 10:123–126.
- Klein RG, Eek BJ, DeLong B, Mooney V. A randomized double-blind trial of dextrose-glycerine-phenol injections for chronic low back pain. J Spinal Dis 1993; 6:22–30.
- Korhonen T, Karppinen J, Malmivaara A, et al. Efficacy of Infliximab for disc hernation-induced sciatica: one-year follow-up. Spine 2004; 29:2115–2119.
- La Course M, Moore K, Davis K, Fune M, Dorman T. A report on the asymmmetry of iliac inclination. J Orthop Med 1990; 12:69–72.
- Lambert MA, Morton RJ, Sloan JP. Controlled study of the use of local steroid injection in the treatment of trigger finger and thumb. J Hand Surg 1992; 17:69–70.
- Le Bars D, Dickenson AH, Besson J-M. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC): effects on dorsal horn convergent neurons in the rat. Pain 1979; 6:283–304.
- Leclaire R, Fortin L, Lambert R, et al. Radiofrequency facet joint denervation in the treatment of low back pain: a placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess efficacy. Spine 2001;26:1411–1417.
- Lewit K. Manipulative therapy in rehabilitation of the locomotor system. 3rd ed. London, New York: Butterworth, 1999.
- Linton S J, et al. Controlled study of early intervention on acute musculoskeletal pain problems. Pain 1993; 54:353–359.
- Liu KL, Tipton C, Matthews RD, et al. An in situ study of the influence of a sclerosing solution in rabbit medial collateral ligaments and its junction strength. Conn Tissue Res 1983; 11:95–102.
- Lo GH, LaValley M, McAlindon T, et al. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2003; 290:3115–3121.
- Maugars Y, Mathis C, et al. Assessment of the efficacy of sacroiliac corticosteroid injection in spondylarthropathy: a double-blind study. 35 1996;767–770.
- McCarron RF, et al. The inflammatory effect of the nucleus pulposus. Spine 1987; 12:758–764.
- Melzack R, Stillwell DM, Fox EJ. Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain: correlations and implications. Pain 1977; 3:3–23.
- Milgrom C, Schaffler M, Gilbert S, van Holsbeeck M. Rotator cuff changes in asymptomatic adults. J Bone Joint Surg 1995; 77B:296–298.
- Ongley MJ, Klein RG, Dorman TA, Eek BC, Hubert LJ. A new approach to the treatment of chronic low back pain. Lancet 1987; ii: 143–146.
- Pienimaki TT, Tarviainen TK, Siira PT, Vanharanta H. Progressive strengthening and stretching exercises and ultrasound for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Physiotherapy 1996; 86:522–530.
- Ravaud P, Moulinier L, et al. Effects of joint lavage and steroid injection. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:475–482.
- Read MTF. Safe relief of rest pain that eases with activity in achillodynia by intrabursal or peritendinous steroid injection: the rupture rate was not increased by these injections. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33:134–135.
- Reeves KD. Prolotherapy: Basic science, clinical studies, and technique. In: Lennard TA, editor. Pain procedures in clinical practice. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 2000: 172–190.
- Reeves KD, Hassanein K. Randomized prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study of dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis with or without ACL laxity. Alt Ther Hlth Med 2000; 6:37–46.
- Reeves KD, Hassanein K. Randomized prospective placebo controlled double blind study of dextrose prolotherapy for osteoarthritic thumbs and finger (DIP, PIP and Trapeziometacarpal) joints: Evidence of clinical efficacy. Jnl Alt Compl Med 2000; 6:311–320.
- Resnick D, Feingold ML, Curd J, et al. Calcaneal abnormalities in articular disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter’s syndrome. Radiology 1977; 125:355–366.
- Saal JS, Franson RC, Dobrow R, et al. High levels of inflammatory phospholipase A2 activity in lumbar disc herniations. Spine 1990; 15:674–678.
- Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Bogduk N. The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine 1995; 20:31–37.
- Schwarzer AC, Wang S, Bogduk N, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:100–106.
- Speed CA. Corticosteroid injection in tendon lesions. Brit Med J 2001; 323:382–388.
- Vad VB, Bhat AL, et al. Transforaminal epidural steroid injections in lumbosacral radiculopathy. Spine 2002; 27:11–16.
- Van der Windt DAWM, Koes BW, Deville W, et al. Effectiveness of corticosteroid injection versus physiotherapy for treatment of painful stiff shoulder in primary care. British Med J 1998; 317:1292–1296.
- Van Kleef M, Barendse GAM, Kessels A, et al. Randomised trial of RF lumbar facet denervation for chronic low back pain. Spine 1999; 24:1937–1942.
- van Oosterhout M, Sont JK, van Laar JM. Superior effect of arthroscopic lavage compared with needle aspiration in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis of the knee. Rheumatology 2003; 42:102–107.
- Verhaar JAN, Walenkamp GHIM, van Mameren H, et al. Local corticosteroid injection versus Cyriax-type physiotherapy for tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg 1996; 78B:128–132.
- Winters JC, Sobel JS, et al. Comparison of physiotherapy, manipulation and corticosteroid injection for treating shoulder complaints. BMJ 1997; 314:1320–1325.
- Yelland MJ, DelMar C, Pirrozo S, Schoene ML. Prolotherapy injections for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Spine 2004; 29:2126–2133.
- Yelland MJ, Glasziou PP, Bogduk N, et al. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections and exercises for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial. Spine 2004; 29:9–16.