Implicit Learning of Sequential Regularities and Spatial Contexts in Corticobasal Syndrome

References

• Aron , A. R. , Robbins , T. W. and Poldrack , R. A. 2004 . Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 8 : 170 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeve , B. F. 2000 . “ Corticobasal degeneration ” . In Parkinson's disease and movement disorders: Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for the practicing physician , Edited by: Adler , C. H. and Ahlskog , J. E. 253 – 261 . Totawa, NJ : Human Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Boeve , B. F. , Lang , A. and Litvan , I. 2003 . Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia . Annals of Neurology , 54 ( Supplement ) : S15 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Buckner , R. L. 2004 . Memory and executive function in aging and AD: Multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate . Neuron , 44 : 195 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christ , S. E. , White , D. A. , Mandernach , T. and Keys , B. A. 2001 . Inhibitory control across the life span . Developmental Neuropsychology , 20 : 653 – 669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun , M. M. 2000 . Contextual cueing of visual attention . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 4 : 170 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun , M. M. and Jiang , Y. 1998 . Contextual cueing: Implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention . Cognitive Psychology , 36 : 28 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun , M. M. and Phelps , E. A. 1999 . Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage . Nature Neuroscience , 2 : 844 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cincotta , C. M. and Seger , C. A. 2007 . Dissociation between Striatal Regions while Learning to Categorize via Feedback and via Observation . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 19 : 249 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , T. 1997a . Effects of aging on implicit sequence learning: Accounting for sequence structure and explicit knowledge . Psychological Research , 60 : 24 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , T. 1997b . Higher-order associative learning in amnesia: Evidence from the serial reaction time task . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 9 : 522 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , T. 1998 . “ Implicit sequence learning from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: What, how, and where? ” . In Handbook of implicit learning , Edited by: Stadler , M. A. and Frensch , P. A. 365 – 400 . Thousand Oaks, CA, USA : Sage Publications, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Doyon , J. , Gaudreau , D. , Laforce , R. Jr , Castonguay , M. , Bedard , P. J. Bedard , F. 1997 . Role of the striatum, cerebellum, and frontal lobes in the learning of a visuomotor sequence . Brain and Cognition , 34 : 218 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeney , J. J. , Howard , J. H. Jr and Howard , D. V. 2002 . Implicit learning of higher order sequences in middle age . Psychology and Aging , 17 : 351 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher , P. C. , Zafiris , O. , Frith , C. D. , Honey , R. A. , Corlett , P. R. Zilles , K. 2004 . On the benefits of not trying: Brain activity and connectivity reflecting the interactions of explicit and implicit sequence learning . Cerebral Cortex , 15 (7) : 1002 – 1015 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forkstam , C. and Petersson , K. M. 2005 . Towards an explicit account of implicit learning . Current Opinion in Neurology , 18 : 435 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frattali , C. , Duffy , J. R. , Litvan , I. , Patsalides , A. D. and Grafman , J. 2003 . Yes/no reversals as neurobehavioral sequela: A disorder of language, praxis, or inhibitory control? . European Journal of Neurology , 10 : 103 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frensch , P. A. 1998 . “ One concept, multiple meanings: On how to define the concept of implicit learning ” . In Handbook of implicit learning , Edited by: Stadler , M. A. and Frensch , P. A. 47 – 104 . Thousand Oaks, CA, USA : Sage Publications, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Frensch , P. A. and Ruenger , D. 2003 . Implicit learning . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 12 : 13 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibb , W. R. , Luthert , P. J. and Marsden , C. D. 1989 . Corticobasal degeneration . Brain , 112 ( Pt 5 ) : 1171 – 1192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Beldarrain , M. , Garcia-Monco , J. C. , Rubio , B. and Pascual-Leone , A. 1998 . Effect of focal cerebellar lesions on procedural learning in the serial reaction time task . Experimental Brain Research , 120 : 25 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Beldarrain , M. , Grafman , J. , Pascual-Leone , A. and Garcia-Monco , J. C. 1999 . Procedural learning is impaired in patients with prefrontal lesions . Neurology , 52 : 1853 – 1860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood , P. M. , Lambert , C. , Sunderland , T. and Parasuraman , R. 2005 . Effects of apolipoprotein E genotype on spatial attention, working memory, and their interaction in healthy, middle-aged adults: Results From the National Institute of Mental Health's BIOCARD study . Neuropsychology , 19 : 199 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Head , D. , Snyder , A. Z. , Girton , L. E. , Morris , J. C. and Buckner , R. L. 2005 . Frontal-hippocampal double dissociation between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease . Cerebral Cortex , 15 : 732 – 739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmuth , L. L. , Mayr , U. and Daum , I. 2000 . Sequence learning in Parkinson's disease: A comparison of spatial-attention and number-response sequences . Neuropsychologia , 38 : 1443 – 1451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda , M. , Deiber , M. P. , Ibanez , V. , Pascual-Leone , A. , Zhuang , P. and Hallett , M. 1998 . Dynamic cortical involvement in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning. A PET study . Brain , 121 : 2159 – 2173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , J. H. and Howard , D. V. 1997 . Age differences in implicit learning of higher order dependencies in serial patterns . Psychology and Aging , 12 : 634 – 656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , D. V. , Howard , J. H. Jr , Japikse , K. , DiYanni , C. , Thompson , A. and Somberg , R. 2004a . Implicit sequence learning: Effects of level of structure, adult age, and extended practice . Psychology & Aging , 19 : 79 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , J. H. Jr , Howard , D. V. , Dennis , N. A. , Yankovich , H. and Vaidya , C. J. 2004b . Implicit spatial contextual learning in healthy aging . Neuropsychology , 18 : 124 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , J. H. Jr , Howard , D. V. , Japikse , K. C. and Eden , G. F. 2006 . Dyslexics are impaired on implicit higher-order sequence learning, but not on implicit spatial context learning . Neuropsychologia , 44 : 1131 – 1144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivnik , R. J. , Malec , J. F. , Smith , G. E. , Tangalos , E. G. , Petersen , R. C. Kokmen , E. 1992 . Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: Updated AVLT Norms for Ages 56 to 97 . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 6 ( Supplement ) : 83 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Japikse , K. , Howard , D. V. and Howard , J. H. Jr . 2001 . Evaluation of a direct nonverbal measure of declarative sequence knowledge . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Supplement , 12 : 62
   Google Scholar
• Josephs , K. A. , Tang-Wai , D. F. , Boeve , B. F. , Knopman , D. S. , Dickson , D. W. Parisi , J. E. 2002 . Clinicopathologic and imaging correlates in corticobasal degeneration . Neurology , 58 ( Supplement 3 ) : A132
   Google Scholar
• Keri , S. , Juhasz , A. , Rimanoczy , A. , Szekeres , G. , Kelemen , O. Cimmer , C. 2005 . Habit learning and the genetics of the dopamine D3 receptor: Evidence from patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls . Behavioural Neuroscience , 119 : 687 – 693 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertesz , A. 1997 . Frontotemporal dementia, Pick disease, and corticobasal degeneration. One entity or 3? 1 . Archives of Neurology , 54 : 1427 – 1429 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knopman , D. S. and Nissen , M. J. 1991 . Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from the serial reaction time task . Neuropsychologia , 29 : 245 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokmen , E. , Naessens , J. M. and Offord , K. P. 1987 . A short test of mental status: Description and preliminary results . Mayo Clinic Proceedings , 62 : 281 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang , A. E. 2000 . Parkinsonism in corticobasal degeneration . Advances in Neurology , 82 : 83 – 89 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Litvan , I. , Agid , Y. , Goetz , C. , Jankovic , J. , Wenning , G. K. Brandel , J. P. 1997 . Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration: A clinicopathologic study . Neurology , 48 : 119 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvan , I. , Bhatia , K. P. , Burn , D. J. , Goetz , C. G. , Lang , A. E. McKeith , I. 2003 . Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders . Movement Disorders , 18 : 467 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald , A. W. 3rd , Cohen , J. D. , Stenger , V. A. and Carter , C. S. 2002 . Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control . Science , 288 : 1835 – 1838 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manns , J. R. and Squire , L. R. 2001 . Perceptual learning, awareness and the hippocampus . Hippocampus , 11 : 776 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massman , P. J. , Kreiter , K. T. , Jankovic , J. and Doody , R. S. 1996 . Neuropsychological functioning in cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration: Differentiation from Alzheimer's disease . Neurology , 46 : 720 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motomura , N. , Redbrake , A. , Hartje , W. and Willmes , K. 1995 . Sensorimotor learning in ideomotor apraxia . Perception & Motor Skills , 81 : 1123 – 1129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negash , S. , Howard , D. V. , Japikse , K. C. and Howard , J. H. Jr . Age-related differences in implicit learning of non-spatial sequences . Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , 10 108 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negash , S. , Petersen , L. E. , Geda , Y. E. , Knopman , D. S. , Boeve , B. F. Smith , G. E. 2006 . Effects of ApoE genotype and mild cognitive impairment on implicit learning . Neurobiology of Aging , 6 : 885 – 893 .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , I. R. and Chun , M. M. 2002 . Perceptual constraints on implicit learning of spatial context . Visual Cognition , 9 : 273 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , R. C. , Smith , G. E. , Waring , S. C. , Ivnik , R. J. , Tangalos , E. G. and Kokmen , E. 1999 . Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome . Archives of Neurology , 56 : 303 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillon , B. , Blin , J. , Vidailhet , M. , Deweer , B. , Sirigu , A. Dubois , B. 1995 . The neuropsychological pattern of corticobasal degeneration: Comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease . Neurology , 45 : 1477 – 1483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistarini , C. , Guarnaschelli , C. , Arrigo , A. , Bazzini , A. and Zonca , G. 1990 . Imitating gesture learning in apraxic patients . Riv Neurologia , 60 : 60 – 66 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rebeiz , J. , Kolodony , E. and Richardson , E. 1967 . Corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia: A progressive disorder of late life . Transactions of the American Neurology Association , 92 : 23 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reber , A. S. 1993 . Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: An essay on the cognitive unconscious , New York, NY, USA : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosen , W. G. , Terry , R. D. , Fuld , P. A. , Katzman , R. and Peck , A. 1980 . Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias . Annals of Neurology , 7 : 486 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schvaneveldt , R. W. and Gomez , R. L. 1998 . Attention and probabilistic sequence learning . Psychological Research , 61 : 175 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidler , R. D. , Purushotham , A. , Kim , S. G. , Ugurbil , K. , Willingham , D. and Ashe , J. 2005 . Neural correlates of encoding and expression in implicit sequence learning . Experimental Brain Research , 165 : 114 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegert , R. J. , Taylor , K. D. , Weatherall , M. and Abernethy , D. A. 2006 . Is implicit sequence learning impaired in Parkinson's disease? A meta-analysis . Neuropsychology , 20 : 490 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willingham , D. B. , Salidis , J. and Gabrieli , J. D. E. 2002 . Direct comparison of neural systems mediating conscious and unconscious skill learning . Journal of Neurophysiology , 88 : 1451 – 1460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadikoff , C. and Lang , A. E. 2005 . Apraxia in movement disorders . Brain , 128 : 1480 – 1497 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar