References
- Abolmaali, N. D., Hietschold, V., Vogl, T. J., Hüttenbrink, K.-B., & Hummel, T. (2002). MR evaluation in patients with isolated anosmia since birth or early childhood. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 23(1), 157–164.
- Bainbridge, K. E., Byrd-Clark, D., & Leopold, D. (2018). Factors associated with phantom odor perception among US adults: Findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 144(9), 807–814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1446
- Brodie, A., Smith, B., & Ray, J. (2018). The impact of rehabilitation on quality of life after hearing loss: A systematic review. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 275(10), 2435–2440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5100-7
- Croy, I., Nordin, S., & Hummel, T. (2014). Olfactory disorders and quality of life—An updated review. Chemical Senses, 39(3), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt072
- Dravnieks, A., Masurat, T., & Lamm, R. A. (1984). Hedonics of odors and odor descriptors. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association (United States), 34, 7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1984.10465810
- Frasnelli, J., Fark, T., Lehmann, J., Gerber, J., & Hummel, T. (2013). Brain structure is changed in congenital anosmia. NeuroImage, 83(2013), 1074–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.070
- Heilmann, S., Huettenbrink, K.-B., & Hummel, T. (2004). Local and systemic administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory loss. American Journal of Rhinology, 18(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/194589240401800107
- Heilmann, S., Strehle, G., Rosenheim, K., Damm, M., & Hummel, T. (2002). Clinical assessment of retronasal olfactory function. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 128(4), 414–418. [pii]. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.128.4.414.
- Hendriks, A. P. (1988). Olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology, 26(4), 229–251.
- Hong, S.-C., Holbrook, E. H., Leopold, D. A., & Hummel, T. (2012). Distorted olfactory perception: A systematic review. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 132(sup1), S27–S31. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2012.659759
- Hummel, T., Hummel, C., & Welge-Luessen, A. (2013). Assessment of olfaction and gustation. In Management of smell and taste disorders: A practical guide for clinicians (1st ed., pp. 58–75). Thieme.
- Hummel, T., Sekinger, B., Wolf, S. R., Pauli, E., & Kobal, G. (1997). ‘Sniffin’ Sticks’: Olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chemical Senses, 22(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/22.1.39
- Hummel, T., & Frasnelli, J. (2019). The intranasal trigeminal system. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 164(4), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63855-7.00008-3
- Hummel, T., & Lötsch, J. (2010). Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 136(4), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2010.27
- Hummel, T., Rosenheim, K., Konnerth, C.-G., & Kobal, G. (2001). Screening of olfactory function with a four-minute odor identification test: Reliability, normative data, and investigations in patients with olfactory loss. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 110(10), 976–981. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348940111001015
- Jafek, B. W., Moran, D. T., Eller, P. M., Rowley, J. C., III, & Jafek, T. B. (1987). Steroid-dependent anosmia. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 113(5), 547–549. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1987.01860050093023
- Leopold, D. (2002). Distortion of olfactory perception: Diagnosis and treatment. Chemical Senses, 27, 611–615. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/27.7.611
- London, B., Nabet, B., Fisher, A. R., White, B., Sammel, M. D., & Doty, R. L. (2008). Predictors of prognosis in patients with olfactory disturbance. Annals of Neurology, 63(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21293
- Lötsch, J., & Hummel, T. (2006). The clinical significance of electrophysiological measures of olfactory function. Behavioural Brain Research, 170(1), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.02.013
- Martin-Soelch, C., Linthicum, J., & Ernst, M. (2007). Appetitive conditioning: Neural bases and implications for psychopathology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 31(3), 426–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.11.002
- Mueller, C. A., & Hummel, T. (2009). Recovery of olfactory function after nine years of post-traumatic anosmia: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 3(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.4076/1752-1947-3-9283
- Ogawa, T., Nakamura, K., Yamamoto, S., Tojima, I., & Shimizu, T. (2020). Recovery over time and prognostic factors in treated patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction: A retrospective study. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 129(10), 977–982. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420922563
- Oleszkiewicz, A., Kunkel, F., Larsson, M., & Hummel, T. (2020). Consequences of undetected olfactory loss for human chemosensory communication and well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 375(1800), 20190265. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0265
- Oleszkiewicz, A., Schriever, V. A., Croy, I., Hähner, A., & Hummel, T. (2019). Updated Sniffin’ sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 276(3), 719–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5248-1
- Pellegrino, R., Drechsler, E., Hummel, C., Warr, J., & Hummel, T. (2017). Bimodal odor processing with a trigeminal component at sub- and suprathreshold levels. Neuroscience, 363, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.030
- Pellegrino, R., & Luckett, C. R. (2019). The effect of odor and color on chemical cooling. Food Quality and Preference, 75, 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.03.002
- Pellegrino, R., Walliczek‐Dworschak, U., Winter, G., Hull, D., & Hummel, T. (2017). Investigation of chemosensitivity during and after an acute cold. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 7(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21869
- Peter, M. G., Fransson, P., Mårtensson, G., Postma, E. M., Nordin, L. E., Westman, E., Boesveldt, S., & Lundström, J. N. (2021). Normal olfactory functional connectivity despite lifelong absence of olfactory experiences. Cerebral Cortex, 31(1), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa217
- Peter, M. G., Mårtensson, G., Postma, E. M., Nordin, L. E., Westman, E., Boesveldt, S., & Lundström, J. N. (2020). Morphological changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with life-long olfactory sensory deprivation. NeuroImage, 218, 117005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117005
- Reden, J., Maroldt, H., Fritz, A., Zahnert, T., & Hummel, T. (2007). A study on the prognostic significance of qualitative olfactory dysfunction. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 264(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-006-0157-0
- Reden, J., Mueller, A., Mueller, C., Konstantinidis, I., Frasnelli, J., Landis, B. N., & Hummel, T. (2006). Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 132(3), 265. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.132.3.265
- Rombaux, P., Mouraux, A., Bertrand, B., Duprez, T., & Hummel, T. (2007). Can we smell without an olfactory bulb? American Journal of Rhinology, 21(5), 548–550. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3067
- Schriever, V. A., Han, P., Weise, S., Hösel, F., Pellegrino, R., & Hummel, T. (2017). Time frequency analysis of olfactory induced EEG-power change. PLOS ONE, 12(10), e0185596. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185596
- Schwob, J. E., Jang, W., Holbrook, E. H., Lin, B., Herrick, D. B., Peterson, J. N., & Coleman, J. H. (2017). Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Taking poietic license. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 525(4), 1034–1054. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24105
- Sjölund, S., Larsson, M., Olofsson, J. K., Seubert, J., & Laukka, E. J. (2017). Phantom smells: Prevalence and correlates in a population-based sample of older adults. Chemical Senses, 42(4), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjx006
- Sorokowska, A., Drechsler, E., Karwowski, M., & Hummel, T. (2017). Effects of olfactory training: A meta-analysis. Rhinology, 55, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin16.195
- Sumner, D. (1964). Post-traumatic anosmia. Brain, 87(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/87.1.107
- Weiss, T., Soroka, T., Gorodisky, L., Shushan, S., Snitz, K., Weissgross, R., Furman-Haran, E., Dhollander, T., & Sobel, N. (2020). Human Olfaction without Apparent Olfactory Bulbs. Neuron, 105(1), 35–45.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.006
- Zusho, H. (1982). Posttraumatic anosmia. Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill.: 1960), 108(2), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1982.00790500026006