A qualitative study of barriers and enablers associated with colorectal cancer screening among Somali men in Minnesota

References

• Abdullahi, A., J. Copping, A. Kessel, M. Luck, and C. Bonell. 2009. “Cervical Screening: Perceptions and Barriers to Uptake Among Somali Women in Camden.” Public Health 123 (10): 680–685. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albano, J. D., E. Ward, A. Jemal, R. Anderson, V. E. Cokkinides, T. Murray, J. Henley, J. Liff, and M. J. Thun. 2007. “Cancer Mortality in the United States by Education Level and Race.” JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 99 (18): 1384–1394. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djm127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• al-Qaradawi, Y. 2013. The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam: الحلالوالحرامفيالإسلام . Selangor, Malaysia: The Other Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Cancer Society. 2016. Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2016–2018.
   Google Scholar
• American Cancer Society. 2017. Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2017–2019.
   Google Scholar
• American Cancer Society. 2018. Cancer Facts & Figures 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, H., S. J. Henley, J. King, L. C. Richardson, and C. Eheman. 2014. “Changes in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates in Young and Older Adults in the United States: What does it Tell us About Screening.” Cancer Causes & Control 25 (2): 191–201. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0321-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consedine, N. S., I. Ladwig, M. K. Reddig, and E. A. Broadbent. 2011. “The Many Faeces of Colorectal Cancer Screening Embarrassment: Preliminary Psychometric Development and Links to Screening Outcome.” British Journal of Health Psychology 16 (3): 559–579. doi: 10.1348/135910710X530942
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corbie-Smith, G., S. B. Thomas, M. V. Williams, and S. Moody-Ayers. 1999. “Attitudes and Beliefs of African Americans Toward Participation in Medical Research.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 14 (9): 537–546. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.07048.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddens, K. S., M. W. Kreuter, J. C. Morgan, K. E. Beatty, S. A. Jasim, L. Garibay, D. Tao, T. D. Buskirk, and K. A. Jupka. 2009. “Disparities by Race and Ethnicity in Cancer Survivor Stories Available on the Web.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 11 (4): e50. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyler, A. A., D. Haire-Joshu, R. C. Brownson, and M. S. Nanney 2004. “Correlates of Fat Intake Among Urban, Low Income African Americans.” American Journal of Health Behavior 28 (5): 410–417. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.28.5.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambino, C. P., E. N. Trevelyan, and J. T. Fitzwater. 2014. “The Foreign-Born Population From Africa: 2008–2012.” American Community Survey Briefs. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/acs/acsbr12-16.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ghebre, R. G., B. Sewali, S. Osman, A. Adawe, H. T. Nguyen, K. S. Okuyemi, and A. Joseph. 2015. “Cervical Cancer: Barriers to Screening in the Somali Community in Minnesota.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 17 (3): 722–728. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0080-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., and A. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., E. Namey, and K. McKenna. 2017. “How Many Focus Groups are Enough? Building an Evidence Base for Nonprobability Sample Sizes.” Field Methods 29 (1): 3–22. doi: 10.1177/1525822X16639015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harcourt, N., R. G. Ghebre, G. L. Whembolua, Y. Zhang, S. Warfa Osman, and K. S. Okuyemi. 2014. “Factors Associated with Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior Among African Immigrant Women in Minnesota.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16 (3): 450–456. doi: 10.1007/s10903-012-9766-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden, D. J., D. E. Jonas, D. S. Porterfield, D. Reuland, and R. Harris 2010. “Systematic Review: Enhancing the Use and Quality of Colorectal Cancer Screening.” Annals of Internal Medicine 152 (10): 668–676. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado-de-Mendoza, A., M. Song, O. Kigen, Y. Jennings, I. Nwabukwu, and V. B. Sheppard. 2014. “Addressing Cancer Control Needs of African-born Immigrants in the US: A Systematic Literature Review.” Preventive Medicine 67: 89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal, A., R. Siegel, E. Ward, T. Murray, J. Xu, and M. J. Thun. 2007. “Cancer Statistics, 2007.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 57 (1): 43–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal, A., R. Siegel, J. Xu, and E. Ward. 2010. “Cancer Statistics, 2010.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 60 (5): 277–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayrooz, K., T. F. Moy, L. R. Yanek, D. M. Becker. 1998. “Dietary Fat Patterns in Urban African American Women.” Journal of Community Health 23 (6): 453–469. doi: 10.1023/A:1018710208684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo, J. H., M. Y. You, K. Liu, M. D. Athureliya, C. W. Tang, D. M. Redmond, S. J. Connor, and R. W. Leong. 2012. “Colorectal Cancer Screening Practise is Influenced by Ethnicity of Medical Practitioner and Patient.” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 27 (2): 390–396. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06872.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y. S., and E. G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• McEwen, A., L. Straus, and H. Croker. 2009. “Dietary Beliefs and Behaviour of a UK Somali Population.” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 22 (2): 116–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2008.00939.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M., and A. Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Minnesota Historical Society. “Becoming Minnesotan: Stories of Recent Immigrants and Refugees: Somali.” http://education.mnhs.org/immigration/communities/somali.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. A., D. C. Watkins, and C. S. ModlinJr. 2013. “Social Determinants Associated with Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Urban Community Sample of African-American Men.” Journal of Men’s Health 10 (1): 14–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jomh.2012.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MN Community Measurement. 2018. 2017 Health Equity of Care Report. http://mncm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-Health-Equity-of-Care-Report_unencrypted-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, T. B., P. M. Flynn, A. L. Weaver, and M. L. Wieland. 2013. “Cervical Cancer Screening Adherence Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees to the United States.” Health Care for Women International 34 (11): 980–988. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2013.770002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, T. B., M. L. Wieland, S. S. Cha, A. S. Rahman, and R. Chaudhry. 2012. “Disparities in Preventive Health Services Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 14 (6): 968–974. doi: 10.1007/s10903-012-9632-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paszat, L., R. Sutradhar, Y. Liu, N. N. Baxter, J. Tinmouth, and L. Rabeneck. 2017. “Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Immigrants to Ontario, Canada.” BMC Gastroenterology 17 (1): 85-017-0642-5. doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0642-5.
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, R., S. Mohamed, W. Dirie, N. Ahmed, M. VanKeulen, H. Ahmed, N. Raymond, and K. Okuyemi. 2017. “Views of Somali Women and Men on the Use of Faith-based Messages Promoting Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening for Somali Women: A Focus-group Study.” BMC Public Health 17 (1): 270. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4182-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramos, C., T. Coughlin, A. Weiss, and S. K. Long. 2016. “Federally Qualified Health Center Users Continue to have Limited Options for Health Care Under Health Reform and Give Federally Qualified Health Centers Mixed Reviews.” http://hrms.urban.org/briefs/federally-qualified-health-centers-options-reviews.html.
   Google Scholar
• Raymond, N. C., W. Osman, J. M. O’Brien, N. Ali, F. Kia, F. Mohamed, A. Mohamed, K. B. Goldade, R. Pratt, and K. Okuyemi. 2014. “Culturally Informed Views on Cancer Screeing: A Qualitative Research Study of the Differences between Older and Younger Somali Immigrant Women.” BMC Public Health 14 (1188): 1–8. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redwood-Campbell, L., N. Fowler, S. Laryea, M. Howard, and J. Kaczorowski. 2011. “‘Before you Teach Me, I cannot know’: Immigrant Women’s Barriers and Enablers with Regard to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 102 (3): 230–234. doi: 10.1007/BF03404903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, A. S., R. L. Siegel, and A. Jemal. 2012. “Racial Disparities in Stage-specific Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates from 1985 to 2008.” Journal of Clinical Oncology 30 (4): 401–405. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.37.5527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, C. R., P. Goodson, and M. J. Foster. 2015. “Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Screening among Younger African American Men: A systematic Review.” Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice 8 (1): 133–156. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol8/iss3/8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saadi, A., B. E. Bond, and S. Percac-Lima. 2015. “Bosnian, Iraqi, and Somali Refugee Women Speak: A Comparative Qualitative Study of Refugee Health Beliefs on Preventive Health and Breast Cancer Screening.” Women’s Health Issues 25 (5): 501–508. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. 2009. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sewali, B., R. Pratt, E. Abdiwahab, S. Fahia, K. T. Call, and K. S. Okuyemi. 2015. “Understanding Cancer Screening Service Utilization by Somali Men in Minnesota.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 17 (3): 773–780. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0032-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar, H., D. Blanas, K. Bichoupan, D. Ndiaye, E. Carmody, V. Martel-Laferriere, J. Culpepper-Morgan, et al. 2016. “A Novel Collaborative Community-based Hepatitis B Screening and Linkage to Care Program for African Immigrants.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 62 (Suppl 4): S289–SS97. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw090
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen, S. C., A. Lofters, J. Tinmouth, L. Paszat, L. Rabeneck, and R. H. Glazier. 2018. “Predictors of Non-adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Immigrants to Ontario, Canada: A Population-based Study.” Preventive Medicine 111: 180–189. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard, V. B., A. Hurtado-de-Mendoza, M. Song, F. Hirpa, and I. Nwabukwu. 2015. “The Role of Knowledge, Language, and Insurance in Endorsement of Cancer Screening in Women of African Origin.” Preventive Medicine Reports 2: 517–523. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.05.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegel, R., C. Desantis, and A. Jemal. 2014. “Colorectal Cancer Statistics, 2014.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 64 (2): 104–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmelink, J., E. Lightfoot, A. Dube, J. Blevins, and T. Lum. 2013. “Understanding the Health Beliefs and Practices of East African Refugees.” American Journal of Health Behavior 37 (2): 155–161. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.37.2.2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., and J. Corbin. 1990. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, S. B., and S. C. Quinn. 1991. “The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community.” American Journal of Public Health 81 (11): 1498–1505. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.81.11.1498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: Place of Birth for the Foreign-born Population.” https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
   Google Scholar
• Upvall, M. J., K. Mohammed, and P. D. Dodge. 2009. “Perspectives of Somali Bantu Refugee Women Living with Circumcision in the United States: A Focus Group Approach.” International Journal of Nursing Studies 46 (3): 360–368. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. 2007. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington, DC: AICR.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer and International Association of Cancer Registries. 2007 Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX. In: Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR, et al. (eds).
   Google Scholar
• Yancey, A. K., S. P. Tanjasiri, M. Klein, and J. Tunder 1995. “Increased Cancer Screening Behavior in Women of Color by Culturally Sensitive Video Exposure.” Preventive Medicine 24 (2): 142–148. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar