479
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Associations between perceived racial discrimination, racial residential segregation, and cancer screening adherence among low-income African Americans: a multilevel, cross-sectional analysis

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 313-334 | Received 07 Apr 2021, Accepted 11 Feb 2022, Published online: 01 Mar 2022

References

  • Ahmed, Ameena T., Selina A. Mohammed, and David R. Williams. 2007. “Racial Discrimination & Health: Pathways & Evidence.” Indian Journal of Medical Research 126 (4): 318–327.
  • Aizer, Ayal A., Tyler J. Wilhite, Ming-Hui Chen, Powell L. Graham, Toni K. Choueiri, Karen E. Hoffman, Neil E. Martin, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Jim C. Hu, and Paul L. Nguyen. 2014. “Lack of Reduction in Racial Disparities in Cancer-Specific Mortality Over a 20-Year Period.” Cancer 120 (10): 1532–1539. doi:10.1002/cncr.28617.
  • American Cancer Society. 2019. “Cancer Prevention & Early Detection Facts & Figures 2019-2020.” In. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.
  • American Cancer Society. 2021. “History of ACS Recommendations for the Early Detection of Cancer in People Without Symptoms.” American Cancer Society, Accessed June 3. https://www.cancer.org/health-care-professionals/american-cancer-society-prevention-early-detection-guidelines/overview/chronological-history-of-acs-recommendations.html.
  • Andersen, Ronald M. 1995. “Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter?” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36 (1): 1–10. doi:10.2307/2137284.
  • Bambhroliya, Arvind B., Keith D. Burau, and Ken Sexton. 2012. “Spatial Analysis of County-Level Breast Cancer Mortality in Texas.” Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012: 959343. doi:10.1155/2012/959343.
  • Benjamins, Maureen R. 2012. “Race/Ethnic Discrimination and Preventive Service Utilization in a Sample of Whites, Blacks, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans.” Medical Care 50 (10): 870–876.
  • Broadhead, W. E., Stephen H. Gehlbach, Frank V. de Gruy, and Berton H. Kaplan. 1988. “The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire: Measurement of Social Support in Family Medicine Patients.” Medical Care 26 (7): 709–723.
  • Brown, Lawrence A., and Su-Yeul Chung. 2006. “Spatial Segregation, Segregation Indices and the Geographical Perspective.” Population, Space and Place 12 (2): 125–143. doi:10.1002/psp.403.
  • Buehler, James W., Juan C. Castro, Suzanne Cohen, Yuzhe Zhao, Steven Melly, and Kari Moore. 2019. “Personal and Neighborhood Attributes Associated with Cervical and Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Urban African American Population.” Preventing Chronic Disease 16: E118. doi:10.5888/pcd16.190030.
  • Bursac, Zoran, C. Heath Gauss, David Keith Williams, and David W. Hosmer. 2008. “Purposeful Selection of Variables in Logistic Regression.” Source Code for Biology and Medicine 3 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/1751-0473-3-17.
  • Center for Health Statistics. 2020. “Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2018.” Texas Department of State Health Services, Accessed February 3. http://healthdata.dshs.texas.gov/CommunitySurveys/BRFSS.
  • Crawley, LaVera M., David K. Ahn, and Marilyn A. Winkleby. 2008. “Perceived Medical Discrimination and Cancer Screening Behaviors of Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 17 (8): 1937–1944. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0005.
  • Dailey, Amy B., Stanislav V. Kasl, Theodore R. Holford, and Beth A. Jones. 2007. “Perceived Racial Discrimination and Nonadherence to Screening Mammography Guidelines: Results from the Race Differences in the Screening Mammography Process Study.” American Journal of Epidemiology 165 (11): 1287–1295. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm004.
  • Enders, C. K. 2010. Applied Missing Data Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). 2021. “How hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* (spatial statistics)works.” Accessed March 7. https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-statistics-toolbox/h-how-hot-spot-analysis-getis-ord-gi-spatial-stati.htm.
  • Facione, Noreen C., and Peter A. Facione. 2007. “Perceived Prejudice in Healthcare and Women's Health Protective Behavior.” Nursing Research 56 (3): 175–184. doi:10.1097/01.NNR.0000270026.90359.4c.
  • Fernandez, Maria E., Lara S. Savas, John S. Atkinson, Katherine Ball Ricks, Lynn N. Ibekwe, Inimfon Jackson, Philip E. Castle, David Jobe, and Sally W. Vernon. In press. “Evaluation of a 2-1-1 Telephone Navigation Program to Increase Cancer Control Behaviors: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” In.
  • Ford, Chandra L., and Collins O. Airhihenbuwa. 2010. “The Public Health Critical Race Methodology: Praxis for Antiracism Research.” Social Science & Medicine 71 (8): 1390–1398. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.030.
  • Ford, Chandra L., Mark Daniel, Jo Anne L. Earp, Jay S Kaufman, Carol E Golin, and William C. Miller. 2009. “Perceived Everyday Racism, Residential Segregation, and HIV Testing Among Patients at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic.” American Journal of Public Health 99 (S1): S137–SS43. doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.120865.
  • Fowler-BrownAngela, Evan Ashkin, Giselle Corbie-Smith, Samruddhi Thaker, and Donald E Pathman. 2006. “Perception of Racial Barriers to Health Care in the Rural South.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 17 (1): 86–100.
  • Gee, Gilbert C., and Chandra L. Ford. 2011. “STRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES: Old Issues, New Directions.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8 (1): 115–132. doi:10.1017/S1742058X11000130.
  • Haddock, Nicole. 2014. “Clinic capacity and spatial access to preventive breast health services for underserved survivors across Texas.” Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Texas School of Public Health.
  • Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and Rolph E. Anderson. 2009. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Hausmann, Leslie R. M., Kwonho Jeong, James E. Bost, and Said A. Ibrahim. 2008. “Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Use of Preventive Health Services.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 23 (10): 1679–1684. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0730-x.
  • Heron, M. 2019. “Deaths: Leading Causes for 2017.” In National Vital Statistics Reports, 1–77. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • Highfield, Linda. 2013. “Spatial Patterns of Breast Cancer Incidence and Uninsured Women of Mammography Screening Age.” The Breast Journal 19 (3): 293–301. doi:10.1111/tbj.12100.
  • Hoyo, Cathrine, Kimberly S. H. Yarnall, Celette Sugg Skinner, Patricia G. Moorman, Denethia Sellers, and LaVerne Reid. 2005. “Pain Predicts Non-Adherence to Pap Smear Screening among Middle-Aged African American Women.” Preventive Medicine 41 (2): 439–445. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.021.
  • Jacobs, Elizabeth A., Paul J. Rathouz, Kelly Karavolos, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Imke Janssen, Howard M. Kravitz, Tené T. Lewis, and Lynda H. Powell. 2014. “Perceived Discrimination Is Associated with Reduced Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).” Journal of Women's Health 23 (2): 138–145. doi:10.1089/jwh.2013.4328.
  • Kessler, Ronald C., Kristin D. Mickelson, and David R. Williams. 1999. “The Prevalence, Distribution, and Mental Health Correlates of Perceived Discrimination in the United States.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 40 (3): 208–230. doi:10.2307/2676349.
  • Kramer, Michael R., and Carol R. Hogue. 2009. “Is Segregation Bad for Your Health?” Epidemiologic Reviews 31 (1): 178–194. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxp001.
  • Krieger, Nancy, Justin M Feldman, Rockli Kim, and Pamela D Waterman. 2018. “Cancer Incidence and Multilevel Measures of Residential Economic and Racial Segregation for Cancer Registries.” JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2 (1), doi:10.1093/jncics/pky009.
  • Krieger, Nancy, Kevin Smith, Deepa Naishadham, Cathy Hartman, and Elizabeth M. Barbeau. 2005. “Experiences of Discrimination: Validity and Reliability of a Self-Report Measure for Population Health Research on Racism and Health.” Social Science & Medicine 61 (7): 1576–1596. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.006.
  • Landrine, Hope, Irma Corral, Joseph G. L. Lee, Jimmy T. Efird, Marla B. Hall, and Jukelia J. Bess. 2017. “Residential Segregation and Racial Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4 (6): 1195–1205. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0326-9.
  • Lee, Randy T., Amanda D. Perez, C. Malik Boykin, and Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton. 2019. “On the Prevalence of Racial Discrimination in the United States.” PLOS ONE 14 (1): e0210698–e. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210698.
  • Massey, Douglas S., and Nancy A. Denton. 1988. “The Dimensions of Residential Segregation*.” Social Forces 67 (2): 281–315. doi:10.1093/sf/67.2.281.
  • Mobley, Lee R., Tzy-Mey Kuo, David Driscoll, Laurel Clayton, and Luc Anselin. 2008. “Heterogeneity in Mammography use Across the Nation: Separating Evidence of Disparities from the Disproportionate Effects of Geography.” International Journal of Health Geographics 7 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1476-072x-7-32.
  • Mobley, Lee Rivers, Sujha Subramanian, Florence K. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, Jiantong Wang, Ingrid J. Hall, and Simple D. Singh. 2017. “Breast Cancer Screening Among Women with Medicaid, 2006–2008: A Multilevel Analysis.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4 (3): 446–454. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0245-9.
  • Mouton, Charles P., Pamela L. Carter-Nolan, Kepher H. Makambi, Teletia R. Taylor, Julie R. Palmer, Lynn Rosenberg, and Lucile L. Adams-Campbell. 2010. “Impact of Perceived Racial Discrimination on Health Screening in Black Women.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 21 (1): 287–300. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0273.
  • National Cancer Institute. 2020. “Cancer Disparities.” Accessed May 2. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/disparities.
  • Office of Disease Prevention & Health Promotion. 2020a. "HealthyPeople 2020: Cancer Objective C-15 Increase the Proportion of Women who Receive a Cervical Cancer Screening Based on the Most Recent Guidelines." Accessed February 3 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#objid=4053.
  • Office of Disease Prevention & Health Promotion. 2020b. "Healthy People 2020: Cancer Objective C-16 Increase the Proportion of Adults who Receive a Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on the Most Recent Guidelines." Accessed February 3 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#objid=4054.
  • Paradies, Yin. 2006. “Defining, Conceptualizing and Characterizing Racism in Health Research.” Critical Public Health 16 (2): 143–157. doi:10.1080/09581590600828881.
  • Paradies, Yin, Jehonathan Ben, Nida Denson, Amanuel Elias, Naomi Priest, Alex Pieterse, Arpana Gupta, Margaret Kelaher, and Gilbert Gee. 2015. “Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” PLOS ONE 10 (9): e0138511. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511.
  • Pascoe, Elizabeth A., and Laura Smart Richman. 2009. “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 135 (4): 531–554. doi:10.1037/a0016059.
  • Pruitt, Sandi L., Simon J. Craddock Lee, Jasmin A. Tiro, Lei Xuan, John M. Ruiz, and Stephen Inrig. 2015. “Residential Racial Segregation and Mortality among Black, White, and Hispanic Urban Breast Cancer Patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.” Cancer 121 (11): 1845–1855. doi:10.1002/cncr.29282.
  • Schafer, Joseph L. 1999. “Multiple Imputation: A Primer.” Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1177/096228029900800102.
  • Shariff-Marco, Salma, Ann C. Klassen, and Janice V. Bowie. 2010. “Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Racism and its Association with Cancer-Related Health Behaviors.” American Journal of Public Health 100 (2): 364–374. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.163899.
  • StataCorp. 2019. Stata Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.
  • Sudano, Joseph J., Adam Perzynski, David W. Wong, Natalie Colabianchi, and David Litaker. 2013. “Neighborhood Racial Residential Segregation and Changes in Health or Death among Older Adults.” Health & Place 19: 80–88. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.015.
  • U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. 2020. “U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool, based on November 2018 submission data (1999-2016).” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute, Accessed February 3. www.cdc.gov/cancer/dataviz.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2015a. “2015 American Community Survey 5-Year (2011-2015) Estimates Data Profiles: Table DP05: Non-Hispanic Black or African American Alone/Total Population.” In.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2015b. “2015 American Community Survey 5-Year (2011-2015) Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501: Population 25 years and over with high school graduate/bachelor’s degree.” In.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2015c. “2015 American Community Survey 5-Year (2011-2015) Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1701: Population for whom poverty status is determined.” In.
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2016. “Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.” Annals of Internal Medicine 164 (4): 279–296. doi:10.7326/m15-2886/m26757170.
  • Williams, David R., and Chiquita Collins. 2001. “Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health.” Public Health Reports 116 (5): 404–416. doi:10.1093/phr/116.5.404.
  • Williams, David R., Jourdyn A. Lawrence, and Brigette A. Davis. 2019. “Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research.” Annual Review of Public Health 40 (1): 105–125. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750.
  • Williams, David R., and Selina A. Mohammed. 2009. “Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health: Evidence and Needed Research.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 32 (1): 20–47. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0.
  • Williams, David R., and Michelle Sternthal. 2010. “Understanding Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contributions.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51 (1_suppl): S15–S27. doi:10.1177/0022146510383838.
  • Yang, Tse-Chuan, Yunhan Zhao, and Qian Song. 2017. “Residential Segregation and Racial Disparities in Self-Rated Health: How do Dimensions of Residential Segregation Matter?” Social Science Research 61: 29–42. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.011.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.