332
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cardiovascular health and risk factors in African refugees and immigrants in the United States: a narrative review

&
Pages 399-412 | Received 05 Jul 2021, Accepted 07 Mar 2022, Published online: 21 Mar 2022

References

  • Adu-Boahene, Akosua Boadiwaa, Michael Barton Laws, and Kwame Dapaah-Afriyie. 2017. “Health-Needs Assessment for West African Immigrants in Greater Providence, RI.” Rhode Island Medical Journal 100 (1): 47–50.
  • Agrawal, Pooja, and Arjun Krishna Venkatesh. 2016. “Refugee Resettlement Patterns and State-Level Health Care Insurance Access in the United States.” American Journal of Public Health 106 (4): 662–663. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303017.
  • Akil, Luma, and H. Anwar Ahmad. 2011. “Relationships Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases in Four Southern States and Colorado.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 22 (4 Suppl): 61–72. doi:10.1353/hpu.2011.0166.
  • Anderson, Monica. 2017. “African Immigrant Population in U.S. Steadily Climbs.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/14/african-immigrant-population-in-u-s-steadily-climbs/.
  • Asgary, Ramin, and Nora Segar. 2011. “Barriers to Health Care Access among Refugee Asylum Seekers.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 22 (2): 506–522.
  • Baugh, Ryan. 2020. “Annual Flow Report September 2020 – Refugees and Asylees: 2019.” U.S Department of Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics.
  • Benoit, Stephen R., Edward W. Gregg, Weigong Zhou, and John A. Painter. 2016. “Diabetes Among United States-Bound Adult Refugees, 2009–2014.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18 (6): 1357–1364. doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0381-7.
  • Bhui, Kamaldeep, Tom Craig, Salaad Mohamud, Nasir Warfa, Stephen A. Stansfeld, Graham Thornicroft, Sarah Curtis, and Paul McCrone. 2006. “Mental Disorders among Somali Refugees: Developing Culturally Appropriate Measures and Assessing Socio-Cultural Risk Factors.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 41 (5): 400–408.
  • Bruijn, Bart de. 2009. “The Living Conditions and Well-Being of Refugees.” Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Human Development Research Paper (HDRP) Series 25 (2009). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19208/.
  • Carbone, Salvatore, Justin M. Canada, Hayley E. Billingsley, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Andrew Elagizi, and Carl J. Lavie. 2019. “Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Disease: Where Do We Stand?” Vascular Health and Risk Management 15: 89–100.
  • Careyva, Beth, Marianna LaNoue, Mafudia Bangura, Amanda dela Paz, Amy Gee, Neesha Patel, and Geoffrey Mills. 2015. “The Effect of Living in the United States on Body Mass Index in Refugee Patients.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 26 (2): 421–430.
  • Christoff, Joseph A. 2010. “Iraqi Refugees and Special Immigrant Visa Holders Face Challenges Resettling in the United States and Obtaining U.S. Government Employment.” GAO-10-274. United States Government Accountability Office. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-10-274.pdf.
  • Dookeran, Nameeta M., Tracy Battaglia, Jennifer Cochran, and Paul L. Geltman. 2010. “Chronic Disease and Its Risk Factors Among Refugees and Asylees in Massachusetts, 2001–2005.” Preventing Chronic Disease 7 (3): A51–A51.
  • Ellis, B. Heidi, Helen Z. MacDonald, Alisa K. Lincoln, and Howard J. Cabral. 2008. “Mental Health of Somali Adolescent Refugees: The Role of Trauma, Stress, and Perceived Discrimination.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76 (2): 184–193.
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2016. “What Causes Obesity & Overweight?” https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/obesity/conditioninfo/cause.
  • Golub, Natalia, Christopher Seplaki, Douglas Stockman, Kelly Thevenet-Morrison, Diana Fernandez, and Susan Fisher. 2018. “Impact of Length of Residence in the United States on Risk of Diabetes and Hypertension in Resettled Refugees.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 20 (2): 296–306. doi:10.1007/s10903-017-0636-y.
  • Gong-Guy, Elizabeth, Richard B. Cravens, and Terence E. Patterson. 1991. “Clinical Issues in Mental Health Service Delivery to Refugees.” The American Psychologist 46 (6): 642–648.
  • Hackett, Ruth A., and Andrew Steptoe. 2017. “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Psychological Stress – A Modifiable Risk Factor.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology 13 (9): 547–560.
  • Hadley, Craig, and Daniel Sellen. 2006. “Food Security and Child Hunger among Recently Resettled Liberian Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 8 (4): 369–375. doi:10.1007/s10903-006-9007-9.
  • Hadley, Craig, Ariel Zodhiates, and Daniel W. Sellen. 2007. “Acculturation, Economics and Food Insecurity Among Refugees Resettled in the USA: A Case Study of West African Refugees.” Public Health Nutrition 10 (4): 405–412.
  • Hormenu, Thomas, Elyssa M. Shoup, Nana H. Osei-Tutu, Arsene F. Hobabagabo, Christopher W. DuBose, Lilian S. Mabundo, Stephanie T Chung, Margrethe F Horlyck-Romanovsky, and Anne E. Sumner. 2020. “Stress Measured by Allostatic Load Varies by Reason for Immigration, Age at Immigration, and Number of Children: The Africans in America Study.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17: 12.
  • Institute of Medicine. 2001. Coverage Matters: Insurance and Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10188.
  • Karuranga, Suvi, Belma Malanda, Pouya Saeedi, and Paraskevi Salpea. 2019. “IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9.” International Diabetes Federation. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/material/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf.
  • Keates, Ashley K., Ana O. Mocumbi, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Karen Sliwa, and Simon Stewart. 2017. “Cardiovascular Disease in Africa: Epidemiological Profile and Challenges.” Nature Reviews Cardiology 14 (5): 273–293. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.19.
  • Kroll, Jerome, Ahmed Ismail Yusuf, and Koji Fujiwara. 2011. “Psychoses, PTSD, and Depression in Somali Refugees in Minnesota.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46 (6): 481–493. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0216-0.
  • Kulkarni, S., I. O’Farrell, M. Erasi, and M. S. Kochar. 1998. “Stress and Hypertension.” Wisconsin Medical Journal 97 (11): 34–38.
  • Lin, Xiling, Yufeng Xu, Xiaowen Pan, Jingya Xu, Yue Ding, Xue Sun, Xiaoxiao Song, Yuezhong Ren, and Peng-Fei Shan. 2020. “Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trend of Diabetes in 195 Countries and Territories: An Analysis from 1990 to 2025.” Scientific Reports 10 (1): 14790. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9.
  • Mirza, Mansha, Rene Luna, Bhuttu Mathews, Rooshey Hasnain, Elizabeth Hebert, Allison Niebauer, and Uma Devi Mishra. 2014. “Barriers to Healthcare Access Among Refugees with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions Resettled in the US Midwest.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16 (4): 733–742.
  • Muka, Taulant, David Imo, Loes Jaspers, Veronica Colpani, Layal Chaker, Sven J. van der Lee, Shanthi Mendis, et al. 2015. “The Global Impact of Non-Communicable Diseases on Healthcare Spending and National Income: A Systematic Review.” European Journal of Epidemiology 30 (4): 251–277. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9984-2.
  • Mulugeta, Wudeneh, Hong Xue, Myron Glick, Jungwon Min, Michael F. Noe, and Youfa Wang. 2019. “Disease Burdens and Risk Factors for Diabetes, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia among Refugees in Buffalo, New York, 2004–2014.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 30 (3): 1119–1131.
  • Nazzal, Kristel Heidi, Marzieh Forghany, M. Charis Geevarughese, Venus Mahmoodi, and Jorge Wong. 2014. “An Innovative Community-Oriented Approach to Prevention and Early Intervention with Refugees in the United States.” Psychological Services 11 (4): 477–485.
  • Njeru, Jane W., Eugene M. Tan, Jennifer St Sauver, Debra J. Jacobson, Amenah A. Agunwamba, Patrick M. Wilson, Lila J. Rutten, Swathi Damodaran, and Mark L. Wieland. 2016. “High Rates of Diabetes Mellitus, Pre-Diabetes and Obesity Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees in Minnesota: A Retrospective Chart Review.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18 (6): 1343–1349. doi:10.1007/s10903-015-0280-3.
  • Pace, Molly, Sarah Al-Obaydi, Maziar M Nourian, and Akiko Kamimura. 2015. “Health Services for Refugees in the United States: Policies and Recommendations.” Public Policy and Administration Research 5 (8): 7.
  • Reed, Floyd A., and Sarah A. Tishkoff. 2006. “African Human Diversity, Origins and Migrations.” Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 16 (6): 597–605.
  • Rhodes, Corinne M., Yuchiao Chang, and Sanja Percac-Lima. 2016. “Development of Obesity and Related Diseases in African Refugees After Resettlement to United States.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18 (6): 1386–1391.
  • Sewali, Barrett, Nonyelum Harcourt, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Robert E. Leduc, Sirad Osman, Michele L. Allen, and Kolawole S. Okuyemi. 2015. “Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Across Six African Immigrant Groups in Minnesota.” BMC Public Health 15 (1): 411. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1740-3.
  • Steptoe, Andrew, and Mika Kivimäki. 2012. “Stress and Cardiovascular Disease.” Nature Reviews Cardiology 9 (6): 360–370. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.45.
  • Taylor, Eboni M., Emad A. Yanni, Clelia Pezzi, Michael Guterbock, Erin Rothney, Elizabeth Harton, Jessica Montour, Collin Elias, and Heather Burke. 2014. “Physical and Mental Health Status of Iraqi Refugees Resettled in the United States.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16 (6): 1130–1137. doi:10.1007/s10903-013-9893-6.
  • Turkson-Ocran, Ruth-Alma N., Nwakaego A. Nmezi, Marian O. Botchway, Sarah L. Szanton, Sherita Hill Golden, Lisa A. Cooper, and Yvonne Commodore-Mensah. 2020. “Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among African Immigrants and African Americans: An Analysis of the 2010 to 2016 National Health Interview Surveys.” Journal of the American Heart Association 9 (5): e013220.
  • Wafula, Edith Gonzo, and Shedra Amy Snipes. 2014. “Barriers to Health Care Access Faced by Black Immigrants in the US: Theoretical Considerations and Recommendations.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16 (4): 689–698.
  • Weine, Stevan Merrill. 2011. “Developing Preventive Mental Health Interventions for Refugee Families in Resettlement.” Family Process 50 (3): 410–430.
  • Westgard, Bjorn, Brian C. Martinson, Michael Maciosek, Morgan Brown, Zhiyuan Xu, Farhiya Farah, Osman Ahmed, et al. 2020. “Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. doi:10.1007/s10903-020-01078-3.
  • Wieland, Mark L., T. Ben Morrison, Stephen S. Cha, Ahmed S. Rahman, and Rajeev Chaudhry. 2012. “Diabetes Care Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees.” Journal of Community Health 37 (3): 680–684. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9499-7.
  • World Health Organization. 2013. “Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases: 2013–2020.” http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_eng.pdf.
  • World Health Organization. 2021. “Hypertension.” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.