916
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Disciplinary Neoliberalism in the European Union and Gender Politics

Pages 77-98 | Published online: 18 Aug 2010

References

  • Rubery , Jill . 'Equity and employment: complementary or competitive objectives of European policy?' . paper presented to the IAFFE Conference, Out of the Margin . 2-5 June . University of Amsterdam .
  • Walby , Sylvia . 1999 . 'Changes in Women's Employment in the United Kingdom' . New Political Economy , 4 ( 2 ) : 195 – 213 .
  • Walby . 1997 . Gender Transformations , Routledge .
  • Cook , Joanne . 1998 . 'Flexible Employment: Implications for Gender and Citizenship in the European Union' . New Political Economy , 3 ( 2 ) : 261 – 77 .
  • Ostner , Ilona and Lewis , Jane . 1995 . “ 'Gender and the evolution of European social policies' ” . In European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration , Edited by: Leibfried , Stephan and Pierson , Paul . 177 The Brookings Institution .
  • Hoskyns , Catherine . 1996 . Integrating Gender: Women, Law and Politics in the European Union , 123 Verso .
  • Fagan , Colette and Grimshaw , Damian . 1998 . Women and European Employment , Routledge . Rubery, 'Equity and employment'; also Jill Rubery, Mark Smith,
  • Gill , Stephen . 1998 . 'European Governance and New Constitutionalism: Economic and Monetary Union and Alternatives to Disciplinary Neoliberalism in Europe' . New Political Economy , 3 ( 1 ) : 5 – 26 .
  • Streeck , Wolfgang . “ 'From market making to state building? Reflections on the political economy of European social policy' ” . In European Social Policy Edited by: Leibfried and Pierson . 389 – 431 .
  • Monnet , Jean . 1962 . 'A Ferment of Change' . Journal of Common Market Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 203 – 11 .
  • Gill . 'European Governance and New Constitutionalism' . 5
  • Altvater , Elmar and Mahnkopf , Birgit . 1996 . Grenzen der Globalisierung: Okonomie, Okologie und Politik in der Weltgesellschaft , Westfalisches Dampfboot . and Gill, 'European Governance and New Constitutionalism'.
  • Sassen , Saskia . 1997 . “ 'The spatial organization of information industries: implications for the role of the state' ” . In Globalization: Critical Reflections , Edited by: Mittelman , James H. 33 – 52 . Lynne Rienner .
  • Gill . 'European Governance and New Constitutionalism' . 9
  • Scharpf , Fritz W. 1996 . “ 'Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states' ” . In Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Marks , G. , Scharpf , F. W. , Schmitter , P. C. and Streeck , W. 15 – 39 . Sage .
  • Hirsch , Joachim . 1995 . Der nationale Wettbewerbsstaat , Edition Ad-Archiv .
  • Jessop , Bob . 1993 . 'Towards a Schumpeterian Workfare State' . Studies in Political Economy , 43 : 7 – 39 .
  • Sandholtz , Wayne and Zysman , John . 1989 . '1992: Recasting the European Bargain' . World Politics , 41 ( 1 ) : 95 – 128 .
  • Nelsen , Brent F. and Stubb , Alexander C-G. , eds. 1994 . The European Union , 189 – 209 . Lynne Rienner . reprinted in
  • Streeck, 'From market making to state building?'.
  • Sandholtz and Zysman . '1992' . 206
  • Streeck . 'From market making to state building?' . 393
  • Sandholtz and Zysman . '1992' . 205
  • Scharpf . 'Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states' . 15
  • Esping-Andersen , Gosta . 1990 . The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism , Polity Press . for the division among different European welfare states. Michel Albert also distinguishes among various kinds of capitalism: 'rheinic',
  • 1991 . 'atlantic' and 'asiatic' in Capitalisme contre Capitalisme , Editions du Seuil .
  • Streeck . 'From market making to state building?' . 395
  • 1998 . 'Chirac zwingt Euro-Huter zum freiwilligen Rucktritt' . Die Tageszeitung , 4 May : 1 Wim Duisenberg from Holland was chosen—after great controversy—as the first president of the ECB over the French candidate, Jean-Claude Trichet, in Brussels on 4 May 1998. However, President Chirac was able to force a compromise in that Duisenberg declared that he would step down after four years and make room for the French candidate for the remaining four years of the Central Bank presidency.
  • Cameron , David R. 1995 . “ 'Transnational relations and the development of European economic and monetary union' ” . In Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions , Edited by: Risse-Kappen , Thomas . 73 – 4 . Cambridge University Press . . Emphasis in the original.
  • Cameron . 'Transnational relations' . 71 Four years prior to the end of his term, Karl Otto Pohl resigned as president of the Bundesbank in 1991. Pohl disagreed strongly with the Kohl government over German unification and the introduction of the German Economic and Monetary Union on 1 June 1990. In fact, he characterised the process as a 'disaster' and argued that, given the economic divergence among the European countries, the consequences of EMU would be just as disastrous as had been the case with German unification. See
  • 1998 . 'Countdown to EMU' . The Financial Times , 25 March : 15 The criteria to join the EMU are the following:(a) Price stability: member states need to show an average rate of inflation that does not exceed the best three performers by more than 1.5 per cent;(b) Exchange rate stability: countries are required to observe the 'normal' fluctuation bands within the European exchange rate mechanism for at least two years;(c) Sustainability of public finances: the public deficit should be no more than 3 per cent of GDP; and(d) Public debt: the ratio of public debt to GDP should not exceed 60 per cent.
  • Teague , Paul . 1998 . 'Monetary Union and Social Europe' . Journal of European Social Policy , 8 ( 2 ) : 117 – 37 . At the urging of the German Hans Tietmeyer, President of the Bundesbank, and Theo Waigel, Germany's former Finance Minister, the Stability Pact was designed to accelerate debt reduction and tighten budgetary discipline in a post-EMU era by levying automatic penalties against members running excessive deficits. See
  • Ibid., p. 120.
  • Teague . 'Monetary Union and Social Europe' . 121 Figure 1, Percentage change in real compensation and productivity per head in EU (averages for four periods 1961-95), in:
  • Streeck , Wolfgang . “ 'Neo-voluntarism: a new European social policy regime?' ” . Edited by: Marks , G. 64 – 94 . Governance in the European Union . . Streeck introduces the concept of neo-voluntarism to signal that, in the absence of supranational capacity for 'positive integration' to create market-correcting instruments, supranational social policy 'is confined in its reach by its dependence on the voluntarism of both sovereignty-conscious member states and interest-conscious private market participants'.
  • Scharpf . 'Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states' . 22
  • Teague . 'Monetary Union and Social Europe' . 117 – 37 .
  • Walby . 'Changes in Women's Employment in the United Kingdom' . 206
  • Fraser , Nancy . 1989 . Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory , University of Minnesota Press .
  • Hoskyns . “ Integrating Gender ” . 43 – 57 . 212
  • Ostner and Lewis . 'Gender and the evolution of European social policies' . 169 – 77 . The following relies heavily on the material covered in
  • Ostner and Lewis . 'Gender and the evolution of European social policies' . 168 Directives are regarded as secondary legislation according to European Community law, in contrast to an article, such as Article 119, which belongs to EC primary legislation. Directives 'must be justified as 'means to a goal' by reference to the treaty. Directives bind insofar as the result to be achieved is concerned, while they leave a choice in the means employed by member states'. See footnote 31.
  • Hoskyns . “ Integrating Gender ” . 107
  • Ostner and Lewis . 'Gender and the evolution of European social policies' . 177
  • Schunter-Kleemann , Susanne . 1992 . “ 'Das Demokratiedefizit der EG und die Verrechtlichung der Frauenfrage' ” . In Herrenhaus Europa-Gaschlechterverhaltnisse im Wohlfahrtsstaat , Edited by: Schunter-Kleemann , Susanne . 29 – 58 . Edition Sigma . Ibid., p. 167, footnote 25; see also
  • Conroy , Pauline . 1997 . 'Zehn Fragen zur Wirtschafts- und Wahrungsunion' . paper presented to the Conference Der Aufbau der Gleichberechtigungsdimensionen der WWU und die Regierungskonferenz . February 17-18 1997 , Lisbon . pp. 2
  • Kommission der Europaischen Gemeinschaften . 1988 . Europaische Wirtschaft Vol. 5 ,
  • Schunter-Kleeman , Susanne . 1997 . 'Die Freiheiten des Binnenmarktes und die Unfreiheiten der Frauen' . Weibblick , July/August : 12 – 17 .
  • Gill . 'European Governance and New Constitutionalism' . 5
  • Teague . 'Monetary Union and Social Europe' . 128
  • Breyer , Hiltrud . 1997 . 'Frauenpolitik in Brussel' . Weibblick , July/August : 8 – 10 .
  • Streeck . 'Neo-voluntarism' . 79
  • Ibid., p. 79.
  • Rubery, 'Equity and employment'.
  • Sanjuan , Teresa Freixes . 1998 . 'Women in the New European Society' . Newsletter Women of Europe , May : 2
  • 1997 . 'Points of View: Mixed Reactions to the New EU Treaty' . Newsletter Women of Europe , September : 2 – 3 . All the quotations contained in this paragraph have been taken from
  • Dempsey , Judy . 1995 . 'Positive action proves negative for Bremen' . The Financial Times , 18 October : 3
  • 1995 . 'Decision on sex discrimination' . The Financial Times , 7 November : 8 Kalanke v. Freie Hansestadt Bremen, ECJ FC, 17 October 1995 (C-450/93);
  • 1996 . 'Kalanke Ruling: Positive Action to Continue' . Newsletter Women of Europe , June : 1
  • Ibid.,p. 1.
  • 1997 . Newsletter Women of Europe , September : 2 – 3 . The citations are taken from the
  • 1997 . THE BULLETIN: Internal Bulletin of the Medium-term Community Action Programme on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men , December The specifics to the Luxembourg Summit are covered in Jill Rubery 'Equity and employment'. See also
  • 1997 . 'Employment: New Drive to Reduce Joblessness and Tackle Gender Gaps' . Newsletter Women of Europe , December /January 1998
  • 1998 . Newsletter Women of Europe , March/April : 2
  • 1996 . Newsletter Women of Europe , April : 3 Padraig Flynn, European Commissioner with responsibility for Employment and Social Affairs, announced that 'mainstreaming' would also be included in the Structural Funds programmes after 1999. Structural Funds programmes, according to Flynn, will be expected to spell out how they intend to promote equality between women and men—before they obtain approval from the
  • European Commission . 1998 . Newsletter Women of Europe , March/April : 1
  • Schunter-Kleemann , Susanne . 1999 . 'Euro-club, globalisation and gender regime' . paper presented to the International Conference, Gender and Markets in the Reconstruction of European Welfare States . July 1999 , Bremen .
  • Newsletter Women of Europe , 1
  • Rubery, Smith, Fagan & Grimshaw, Women and European Employment.
  • Newsletter Women of Europe , 2 In the EU, over 80 per cent of the estimated 21 million part-time workers are women. Against only 5 per cent of men, 32 per cent of women now work part-time with great variance among member states (Netherlands with the highest of 69 per cent, UK with 45 per cent and Sweden 42 per cent). See
  • Ibid.
  • Breyer, 'Frauenpolitik in Brussel'.
  • Rubery, 'Equity and employment'.
  • Ostner and Lewis . 'Gender and the evolution of European social policies' . 161
  • Streeck, 'From market making to state building?'.
  • Young , Brigitte . “ 'Globalization and gender: a European perspective' ” . In Gender, Globalization and Democratization , Edited by: Kelly , R. M. , Bayes , J. , Hawkesworth , M. E. and Young , B. Oxford University Press . forthcoming

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.