The International Labour Organization and the ambivalent politics of financial inclusion in West Africa

References

• AFI (Alliance for Financial Inclusion) (2010), Innovative Financial Inclusion: Principles and Report on Innovative Financial Inclusion from the Access Through Innovation sub-Group of the G20 Financial Inclusion Experts Group (Seoul: G20).
   Google Scholar
• Aitken, R. (2013), ‘The Financialization of Microcredit’, Development and Change, 44 (3), pp. 473–99. doi: 10.1111/dech.12027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aitken, R. (2015), Fringe Finance: Crossing and Contesting the Borders of Global Capital (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Atim, C. (1998), The Contribution of Mutual Health Organizations to Financing, Delivery, and Access to Health Care: Synthesis of Research in Nine West and Central African Countries (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, M. (2010), Why Doesn’t Microfinance Work? The Destructive Rise of Local Neoliberalism (London: Zed Books).
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, M. (2012), ‘The Role of Microfinance in Contemporary Rural Development Finance Policy and Practice: Imposing Neoliberalism as “Best Practice”’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 12 (4), pp. 587–600. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2012.00376.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayart, J.-F. (2009), The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, 2nd English ed. (Cambridge: Polity).
   Google Scholar
• BCEAO (1998), Instructions rélatives aux normes d’établissement des états financiers et de détermination des ratios prudentielles applicables aux systèmes financiers décentralisés (Dakar: BCEAO).
   Google Scholar
• BCEAO (2008), Étude sur la viabilité financière des SFD au Sénégal (Dakar: BCEAO).
   Google Scholar
• BCEAO (2010), Monographie des systèmes financiers décentralisés: Sénégal – 2009 (Dakar: BCEAO).
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, N. and Mbaye, A.A. (2012), The Informal Sector in Francophone Africa: Firm Size, Productivity, and Institutions (Washington: Agence Française de Développement and World Bank).
   Google Scholar
• Best, J. (2013), ‘Redefining Risk as Poverty and Vulnerability: Shifting Strategies of Liberal Economic Governance’, Third World Quarterly, 34 (1), pp. 109–29. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2013.755356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, P. (2013), ‘Debt, Uneven Development and Capitalist Crisis in South Africa: From Moody’s Macroeconomic Monitoring to Marikana’s Microfinance Mashonisas’, Third World Quarterly, 34 (4), pp. 569–92. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2013.786283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone, C. (1992), Merchant Capital and the Roots of State Power in Senegal, 1930–1985 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Boone, C. (1994), ‘Trade, Taxes and Tribute: Market Liberalizations and the New Importers in Sub-Saharan Africa’, World Development, 22 (3), pp. 453–67. doi: 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90135-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill, C., ed. (2006), Protecting the Poor: A Microinsurance Compendium (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• Churchill, C., et al. (2003), Making Microinsurance Work for Microfinance Institutions: A Technical Guide to Developing and Delivering Microinsurance (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• Cutler, C. (2003), Private Power and Global Authority (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• DID (2011), Étude sur la Microassurance Dans la Zone CIMA: État des Lieux et Recommandations (Lévis, Quebec: Desjardins).
   Google Scholar
• Diene, M. (2014), ‘Inequalities in the Context of Structural Transformation: The Case of Senegal’, Development, 57 (3–4), pp. 540–6. doi: 10.1057/dev.2015.43
   Google Scholar
• Diop Buuba, B. (1992), ‘Les syndicats, l’État et les partis politiques’, in M.-C. Diop (ed.), Sénégale, Trajéctoires d’un État (Dakar: CODESRIA), pp. 479–500.
   Google Scholar
• Dror, D.M. and Jacquier, C. (1999), ‘Micro-Insurance: Extending Health Insurance to the Excluded’, International Social Security Review, 52 (1), pp. 71–97. doi: 10.1111/1468-246X.00034
   Google Scholar
• Ekers, M., et al., eds. (2014), Gramsci: Space, Nature, Politics (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell).
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1991), ‘Governmentality’, in G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller (eds), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), pp. 87–104.
   Google Scholar
• Germain, R.D. and Kenny, M. (1998), ‘Engaging Gramsci: International Relations Theory and the New Gramscians’, Review of International Studies, 24 (1), pp. 3–21. doi: 10.1017/S0260210598000035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gramsci, A. (1971), Selections from the Prison Notebooks , trans. Q. Hoare and G.H. Smith (London: Lawrence and Wishart).
   Google Scholar
• Gruffydd-Jones, B. (2012), ‘“Bankable Slums”? The Global Politics of Slum Upgrading’, Third World Quarterly, 33 (5), pp. 769–89. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2012.679027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrod, J. (1987), Power, Production, and the Unprotected Worker (New York: Columbia University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (2003), The New Imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Henrikksen, L.F. (2013), ‘Performativity and the Politics of Equipping for Calculation: Constructing a Global Market for Microfinance’, International Political Sociology, 7 (2), pp. 406–25. doi: 10.1111/ips.12031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IAIS (2007), Issues in Regulation and Supervision of Microinsurance (Basel: IAIS).
   Google Scholar
• IAIS (2010), Issues Paper on the Regulation and Supervision of Mutuals, Cooperatives and Other Community-Based Organizations in Increasing Access to Insurance Markets (Basel: IAIS).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (1994), The Relationship Between the State and Cooperatives in Cooperative Legislation: Report of a Colloquium Held at Geneva, 14–15 December 1993 (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2004), PRSP and the Informal Economy: Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda – Proceedings of the Sub-Regional Workshop Nairobi, 23–25 February 2004 (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2007), Access to Social Protection and Healthcare for All: STEP in Africa (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2009), Social Security for All: Investing in Social Justice and Economic Development (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2010), Trade Union Pluralism and Proliferation in French-Speaking Africa (Geneva: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2013a), Profil pays du Travail Décent: Sénégal (Dakar: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2013b), Extension de la Protection Sociale à l’Économie Informelle: Vers un Régime Simplifié pour les Petits Contribuables (RSPC) au Sénégal (Dakar: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2014a), Rapport de l’Atelier Pour la Création d’une Stratégie Nationale de Développement de la Microassurance au Sénégal (Dakar: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• ILO (2014b), Rapport de la Session d’Apprentissage sur les Nouvelles Opportunités de la Micro-Assurance (Dakar: ILO).
   Google Scholar
• Ives, P. and Short, N. (2013), ‘On Gramsci and the International: A Textual Analysis’, Review of International Studies, 39 (3), pp. 621–42. doi: 10.1017/S0260210512000526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessop, B. (2005), ‘Gramsci as a Spatial Theorist’, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 8 (4), pp. 421–37. doi: 10.1080/13698230500204931
   Google Scholar
• Kapoor, A. (2007), ‘The SEWA Way: Shaping Another Future for Informal Labour’, Futures, 39 (5), pp. 554–68. doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2006.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley, P. (2008), The Everyday Life of Global Finance (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Maclean, K. (2013), ‘Gender, Risk and Microfinancial Subjectivities’, Antipode, 45 (2), pp. 455–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01005.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MECSO (2012), MECSO: Pour une Finance Solidaire et Inclusive (Dakar: Mutuelle d’Épargne et de Credit pour la Solidarité Ouvrière).
   Google Scholar
• Morton, A.D. (2003), ‘Historicizing Gramsci: Situating Ideas In and Beyond Their Context’, Review of International Political Economy, 10 (1), pp. 118–46. doi: 10.1080/0969229032000048907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, A.D. (2007), ‘Waiting for Gramsci: State Formation, Passive Revolution, and the International’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 35 (3), pp. 597–621. doi: 10.1177/03058298070350031301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndiaye, A.I. (2010), ‘Autonomy or Political Affiliation? Senegalese Trade Unions in the Face of Political and Economic Reforms’, in B. Beckman, S. Buhlungu, and L. Sachikonye (eds), Trade Unions and Party Politics: Labour Movements in Africa (Cape Town: HSRC Press), pp. 23–38.
   Google Scholar
• Rankin, K.N. (2001), ‘Governing Development: Neoliberalism, Microcredit, and Rational Economic Woman’, Economy and Society, 30 (1), pp. 18–37. doi: 10.1080/03085140020019070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin, K.N. (2013), ‘A Critical Geography of Poverty Finance’, Third World Quarterly, 34 (4), pp. 551–72. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2013.786282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. and Miller, P. (1992), ‘Political Power Beyond the State: Problematics of Government’, British Journal of Sociology, 43 (2), pp. 173–205. doi: 10.2307/591464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. (2013), ‘The Experience of SYNDICOOP in Africa: A Model for Trade Union Action?’, International Journal of Labour Research, 5 (2), pp. 269–87.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. and Ross, C. (2006), Organizing out of Poverty: Stories from the Grassroots: How the Syndicoop Approach has Worked in East Africa (Hollinwood, Oldham: Co-Operative College).
   Google Scholar
• Soederberg, S. (2013), ‘Universalising Financial Inclusion and the Securitisation of Development’, Third World Quarterly, 34 (4), pp. 593–612. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2013.786285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soederberg, S. (2014), Debtfare States and the Poverty Industry: Money, Discipline, and the Surplus Population (New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, M. (2012), ‘The Antinomies of “Financial Inclusion”: Debt, Distress, and the Workings of Indian Microfinance’, Journal of Agrarian Change, 12 (4), pp. 601–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2012.00377.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, H. (2004), ‘The ‘New Economy’ and Social Risk: Banking on the Poor?’, Review of International Political Economy, 11 (2), pp. 356–86. doi: 10.1080/09692290420001672859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, N. (2006), The Globalizers: the World Bank, the IMF, and their Borrowers (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
   Google Scholar
• World Bank (2009), Index Based Crop Insurance for Senegal: Promoting Access to Agricultural Insurance for Small Farmers (Washington: World Bank).
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2013), World Development Report 2014: Risk and Opportunity: Managing Risk for Development (Washington: World Bank Group).
   Google Scholar