When the means become the ends: Ghana’s ‘good governance’ electricity reform overwhelmed by the politics of power crises

References

• Abdulai, A.-G., and Hickey, S., 2016. The politics of development under competitive clientelism: insights from Ghana’s education sector. African affairs, 115 (458), adv071. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adv071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acemoglu, D., and Robinson, J.A., 2013. Why nations fail: the origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. London: Profile Books.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, M.A., and Boakye, B., 2014. Ghana gas, questionable deals and the national interest: How Ghana's quest for energy security faces imminent danger. Accra: African Centre for Energy Policy (ACEP).
   Google Scholar
• Ahlborg, H., et al., 2015. Provision of electricity to African households: the importance of democracy and institutional quality. Energy policy, 87, 125–35. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlborg, H., and Hammar, L., 2014. Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique – grid-extension, off-grid, and renewable energy technologies. Renewable energy, 61, 117–24. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antwi, P., 2019. Ameri scandal cages Akufo-Addo between party & family. Ghana guardian. https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201808/359633.php?storyid=100&.
   Google Scholar
• Ayanoore, I., and Dye, B.J. Forthcoming. Good enough bureaucratic effectiveness? Muddling through the dynamic forces supporting and eroding Ghana’s Volta River Authority. FutureDAMS Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Bakke Foss, A., Wideroe, R.J., and Henden, H. 2016. Ghana’s Minister of Power signed deal with a man from Oslo wanted for fraud and organized crime. the deal is worth 510 million dollars. VG, 29 Aug.
   Google Scholar
• Banful, A.B., 2011. Do formula-based intergovernmental transfer mechanisms eliminate politically motivated targeting? Evidence from Ghana. Journal of development economics, 96 (2), 380–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behuria, P., Buur, L., and Gray, H., 2017. Studying political settlements in Africa. African affairs, 116, 508–25. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adx019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs, R.C., 2012. Electrifying the base? Aid and incumbent advantage in Ghana. The journal of modern African studies, 50 (04), 603–24. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X12000365
   Google Scholar
• CDD and WFD. 2018. The cost of politics in Ghana. Accra: Centre for Democracy and Development and the Westminster Foundation for Democracy.
   Google Scholar
• Cheeseman, N., 2018. Introduction: understanding African politics: bringing the state back in. In: N. Cheeseman, ed. Institutions and democracy in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Chineke, T.C., and Ezike, F.M., 2010. Political will and collaboration for electric power reform through renewable energy in Africa. Energy policy, 38 (1), 678–84. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuesta-Fernández, I. 2018. Kilowatts, megawatts and power: electric territorialities of the state in the peripheries of Ghana and Tanzania. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• Destrée, P., 2019. Power flashes: the political and visual cultures of electricity in Accra, Ghana. Thesis (PhD). University College London.
   Google Scholar
• Doner, R.F., Ritchie, B.K., and Slater, D., 2005. Systemic vulnerability and the origins of developmental states: northeast and Southeast Asia in comparative perspective. International organization, 59, 2. doi: 10.1017/S0020818305050113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubash, N.K., Kale, S.S., and Bharvirkar, R., 2018. Mapping power: the political economy of electricity in India’s states. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dye, B.J. 2018. The politics of dam resurgence: High modernist statebuilding and the emerging powers in Africa. Oxford: University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Dye, B.J., 2020a. Ideology matters: political machinations, modernism, and myopia in Rwanda’s electricity boom. Energy research & social science, 61, 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.101358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye, B.J., 2020b. Continuity or change in the infrastructure turn? Reform of the technicians’ realm in a World Bank dam. The European journal of development research, 32, 627–51. doi: 10.1057/s41287-019-00232-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzawu, M.M. 2020. Ghana’s Power abundance turns to burden as energy debts mount. Bloomburg, 10 Sep.
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard, A., 2015. Quelles politiques énergetiques pour un développement durable? Conference AFD-PROPARCO/EUDN 2014. Presented at the conférence AFD-PROPARCO/EUDN, Belgique: De Boeck Supérieur.
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard, A., et al. 2016. Independent power projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from five key countries. Directions in development – energy and mining. Washington DC: World Bank, No. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
   Google Scholar
• Edjekumhene, I., and Dubash, N.K., 2002. Ghana: achieving public benefits by default. In: N.K. Dubash, and D. Bouille, and World Resources Institute, eds. Power politics: equity and environment in electricity reform; contributors, Daniel Bouille … [et al.]. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 117–137.
   Google Scholar
• Energy Commission. 2006. Strategic national energy plan 2006–2020. Accra: Energy Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Eshun, M.E., and Amoako-Tuffour, J., 2016. A review of the trends in Ghana’s power sector. Energy, sustainability and society, 6, 1. doi: 10.1186/s13705-016-0075-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, V., and Rana, A., 2019. Rethinking power sector reform in the developing world. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Freeden, M., 1994. Political concepts and ideological morphology. Journal of political philosophy, 2 (2), 140–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9760.1994.tb00019.x
   Google Scholar
• Freeden, M., 2008. Ideologies and political theory: a conceptual approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, B., 2014. Using political ideas. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Gore, C.D., 2017. Electricity in Africa: the politics of transformation in Uganda. Oxford: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Gore, C.D., et al., 2019. Political autonomy and resistance in electricity sector liberalization in Africa. World development, 120, 193–209. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, H., 2018. Turbulence and order in economic development: institutions and economic transformation in Tanzania and Vietnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, H. 2019. Understanding and Deploying the political settlement framework in Africa. In: Oxford research encyclopaedia of politics. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haggard, S., 2018. Developmental states. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hirvi, M., and Whitfield, L., 2015. Public-service provision in clientelist political settlements: lessons from Ghana’s urban water sector. Development policy review, 33 (2), 135–58. doi: 10.1111/dpr.12095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoag, H.J., 2013. Developing the rivers of east and west Africa: an environmental history. London: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• IMF, 2013. Ghana: 2013 article IV consultation. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, IMF Country Report No. 13/187.
   Google Scholar
• Jessop, B., 1990. State theory: putting the capitalist state in its place. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kapika, J., and Eberhard, A.A., 2013. Power-sector reform and regulation in Africa: lessons from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Namibia and Ghana. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kasapa, F.M., 2015. AMERI deal was rushed through parliament – MP. GhanaWeb, 15 Dec.
   Google Scholar
• Kemausuor, F., and Ackom, E., 2017. Toward universal electrification in Ghana. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: energy and environment, 6 (1), e225. doi: 10.1002/wene.225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. 2010. Political settlements and the governance of growth-enhancing institutions. SOAS, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, M., 2018. Political settlements and the analysis of institutions. African affairs, 117 (469), 636–55. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adx044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli, A., 2004. State-directed development: political power and industrialization in the global periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lavers, T., and Hickey, S., 2016. Conceptualising the politics of social protection expansion in low income countries: the intersection of transnational ideas and domestic politics. International journal of social welfare, 25 (4), 388–98. doi: 10.1111/ijsw.12210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, A.D., and Usman, Z., 2018. Taking stock of the political economy of power sector reforms in developing countries. In: World Bank: Policy Research Working Paper. Washington DC: World Bank Group: Energy and Extractives Global Practice.
   Google Scholar
• MacLean, L., et al., 2016a. The construction of citizenship and the public provision of electricity during the 2014 World Cup in Ghana. The journal of modern African studies, 54 (04), 555–90. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X16000574
   Google Scholar
• MacLean, L., et al., 2016b. Expectations of power: the politics of state-building and access to electricity provision in Ghana and Uganda. Journal of African political economy and development, 1 (1), 103–34.
   Google Scholar
• Miescher, S.F., 2012. Building the city of the future: visions and experiences of modernity in Ghana’s Akosombo township. The journal of African history, 53 (03), 367–90. doi: 10.1017/S0021853712000679
   Google Scholar
• Miescher, S.F., 2022. A dam for Africa: Akosombo stories from Ghana. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miescher, S.F., and Tsikata, D., 2009. Hydro-power and the promise of modernity and development in Ghana: comparing the Akosombo and Bui Dam projects. Ghana Studies, 12, 15–53. doi: 10.1353/ghs.2009.0002
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Energy, 2010. National Energy policy. Accra: Ministry of Energy, Republic of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Mohan, G., Asante, K.P., and Abdulai, A.-G., 2018. Party politics and the political economy of Ghana’s oil. New political economy, 23 (3), 274–89. doi: 10.1080/13563467.2017.1349087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NDPC, 2010. Ghana shared growth and development agenda (GSGDA), 2010-2013 – Vol I: policy framework. Accra: National Development Planning Commission (NDPC), Republic of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• North, D.C., 1990. Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• North, D.C., Wallis, J.J., and Weingast, B.R., 2013. Violence and social orders: a conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. 1. Paperback edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nugent, P., 1999. Living in the past: urban, rural and ethnic themes in the 1992 and 1996 elections in Ghana. The journal of modern African studies, 37 (2), 287–319. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X99003055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxford Business Group. 2017. Projects in pipeline to improve grid stability in Ghana’s utilities sector. In: The report: Ghana 2017. Oxford: Oxford Business Group.
   Google Scholar
• Paller, J., 2019. Democracy in Ghana: everyday politics in urban Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrik, D., 2006. Goodbye Washington consensus, hello Washington confusion? A review of the World Bank’s economic growth in the 1990s: learning from a decade of reform. Journal of economic literature, 44 (4), 973–87. doi: 10.1257/jel.44.4.973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackeyfio, N., 2018. Energy politics and rural development in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J.C., 1998. Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slater, D., 2010. Ordering power contentious politics and authoritarian leviathans in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield, L., 2009. ‘Change for a better Ghana’: party competition, institutionalization and alternation in Ghana’s 2008 elections. African affairs, 108 (433), 621–41. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adp056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield, L., 2018. Economies after colonialism: Ghana and the struggle for power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J., and Ghanadan, R., 2006. Electricity reform in developing and transition countries: a reappraisal. Energy, 31 (6–7), 815–44. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2005.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank, 1993. The World Bank’s role in the electric power sector: policies for effective institutional, regulatory, and financial reform. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank, 2012. Financial review of the power sector. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank, 2013. Republic of Togo: Togo energy sector policy review; review of the electricity sub-sector. Washington, DC: World Bank, No. ACS499.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank, 2018. International development association project appraisal document for the Ghana energy sector transformation initiative project. Washington, DC: The World Bank, No. PAD2576.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Group, 2018. Ghana priorities for ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Y.-C., 2004. Electricity reform in China, India and Russia: the World Bank template and the politics of power. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar