Empirical legitimation analysis in International Relations: how to learn from the insights – and avoid the mistakes – of research in EU studies

References

• Abulof, U., & Kornprobst, M. (2016). Introduction: The politics of public justification. Contemporary Politics, 22(2).
   Google Scholar
• Adam, S., & Maier, M. (2011). National parties as politicizers of EU integration? Party campaign communication in the run-up to the 2009 European Parliament election. European Union Politics, 12(3), 431–453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J. (1998). When in doubt, use proxies: Attitudes toward domestic politics and support for European integration. Comparative Political Studies, 31(5), 569–601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baglioni, S., & Hurrelmann, A. (2016). The Eurozone crisis and citizen engagement in EU affairs. West European Politics, 39(1), 104–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, R. (1990). Political legitimacy and the state. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, R. (2001). Legitimating identities: The self-presentations of rulers and subjects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, R. (2003). Legitimacy, legitimation, and the European Union: What crisis? In P. Craig & R. Rawlings (Eds.), Law and administration in Europe (pp. 157–174). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benoit, K., & Laver, M. (2006). Party policy in modern democracies. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, S., & Coleman, W. D. (Eds.). (2009). Unsettled legitimacy: Political community, power, and authority in a global era. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boltanski, L., & Thévenot, L. (2006). On justification: Economies of worth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan, A., & Keohane, R. O. (2006). The legitimacy of global governance institutions. Ethics & International Affairs, 20(4), 405–437.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, I. (2007). International legitimacy and world society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, I., & Reus-Smit, C. (Eds.). (2007). Resolving international crises of legitimacy. International Politics, 44(2) (Special Issue), 153–339.
   Google Scholar
• Coicaud, J. M. (2002). Legitimacy and politics: A contribution to the study of political right and political responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coicaud, J.-M., & Heiskanen, V. (Eds.). (2001). The legitimacy of international organizations. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crespy, A., & Schmidt, V. (2013). The discursive double game of EMU reform: The clash of titans between French white knight and German iron lady. In B. de Witte, A. Héritier, & A. H. Trechsel (Eds.), The Euro crisis and the state of European democracy: Contributions from the 2012 EUDO dissemination conference (pp. 350–368). San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute.
   Google Scholar
• De Wilde, P., & Zürn, M. (2012). Can the politicization of European integration be reversed? Journal of Common Market Studies, 50(S1), 137–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellmuth, L. M., & Tallberg, J. (2015). The social legitimacy of international organisations: Interest representation, institutional performance, and confidence extrapolation in the United Nations. Review of International Studies, 41(3), 451–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delors, J. (1985, September 9). Speech at the first Intergovernmental Conference in Luxembourg. Bulletin of the European Communities, No 9. Retrieved from http://www.cvce.eu/obj/speech_by_jacques_delors_luxembourg_9_september_1985-en-423d6913-b4e2-4395-9157-fe70b3ca8521.html
   Google Scholar
• Dingwerth, K., Lehmann, I., Reichel, E., Weise, T., & Witt, A. (2015). Many pipers, many tunes? Die Legitimationskommunikation internationaler Organisationen in komplexen Umwelten. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, Special Issue 49, 186–212.
   Google Scholar
• Duchesne, S., Frazer, E., Haegel, F., & Van Ingelgom, V. (2013). Citizens’ reactions to European integration compared: Overlooking Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ecker-Ehrhardt, M. (2015). Soziale Legitimität globaler Organisationen unter den Bedingungen kosmopolitischer Politisierung: Eine Einstellungsanalyse. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, Special Issue 49, 157–185.
   Google Scholar
• European Council. (2001, December 14 and 15). Presidency conclusions. European Council meeting in Laeken. Document SN 300/1/01 REV 1. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/background/docs/laeken_concl_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Genschel, P., & Jachtenfuchs, M. (2014, March 14–16). Vision vs. process: An institutionalist account of the Euro crisis. Paper prepared for the Council for European Studies, 21st International Conference of Europeanists, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Gilley, B. (2006). The meaning and measure of state legitimacy: Results for 72 countries. European Journal of Political Research, 45(3), 499–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green-Pedersen, C. (2012). A giant fast asleep? Party incentives and the politicisation of European integration. Political Studies, 60(1), 115–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B., & de Vries, C. E. (2016). Public support for European integration. Annual Review of Political Science, 19, 413–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2005). Calculation, community and cues: Public opinion on European integration. European Union Politics, 6(4), 419–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2009). A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: From permissive consensus to constraining dissensus. British Journal of Political Science, 39(1), 1–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A. (2007). European democracy, the ‘permissive consensus’, and the collapse of the EU Constitution. European Law Journal, 13(3), 343–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A. (2008). Constructing multilevel legitimacy in the European Union: A study of British and German media discourse. Comparative European Politics, 6(2), 190–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A., Gora, A., & Wagner, A. (2013). The legitimation of the European Union in the news media: Three treaty reform debates. Journal of European Public Policy, 20(4), 515–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A., Gora, A., & Wagner, A. (2015). The politicization of European integration: More than an elite affair? Political Studies, 63(1), 43–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A., Krell-Laluhová, Z., Nullmeier, F., Schneider, S., & Wiesner, A. (2009). Why the democratic nation-state is still legitimate: A study of media discourses. European Journal of Political Research, 48(4), 483–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrelmann, A., Schneider, S., & Steffek, J. (Eds.). (2007). Legitimacy in an age of global politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, S., & Grande, E. (2014). Politicizing Europe in the national electoral arena: A comparative analysis of five West European countries. Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(5), 1002–1018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imig, D. (2004). Contestation in the streets: European protest and the emerging Euro-polity. In G. Marks & M. R. Steenbergen (Eds.), European integration and political conflict (pp. 216–234). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kritzinger, S. (2003). The influence of the nation-state on individual support for the European Union. European Union Politics, 4(2), 219–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laughland, J. (1998). The tainted source: The undemocratic origins of the European idea. London: Warner.
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, L. N., & Scheingold, S. A. (1970). Europe’s would-be polity: Patterns of change in the European Community. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Majone, G. (2005). Dilemmas of European integration: The ambiguities and pitfalls of integration by stealth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martinotti, G., & Stefanizzi, S. (1995). Europeans and the nation state. In O. Niedermayer & R. Sinnott (Eds.), Public opinion and internationalized governance (pp. 163–189). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren, L. (2006). Identity, interests, and attitudes to European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik, A. (2006). What can we learn from the collapse of the European constitutional project? Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 47(2), 219–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nonhoff, M., Gronau, J., Nullmeier, F., & Schneider, S. (2009). Die Politisierung internationaler Institutionen: Der Fall G8. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 16(2), 237–267.
   Google Scholar
• Nullmeier, F., Biegón, D., Gronau, J., Nonhoff, M., Schmidtke, H., & Schneider, S. (2010). Prekäre Legitimitäten: Rechtfertigung von Herrschaft in der postnationalen Konstellation. Frankfurt: Campus.
   Google Scholar
• Pakulski, J. (1986). Legitimacy and mass compliance: Reflections on Max Weber and Soviet-type societies. British Journal of Political Science, 16(1), 35–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reus-Smit, C. (2007). International crises of legitimacy. International Politics, 44(2), 157–174.
   Google Scholar
• Rixen, T., & Zangl, B. (2013). The politicization of international economic institutions in US public debates. The Review of International Organizations, 8(3), 363–387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrschneider, R. (2002). The democracy deficit and mass support for an EU-wide government. American Journal of Political Science, 46(2), 463–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (1994). Community and autonomy: Multi-level policy-making in the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 1(2), 219–242.
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (2000). Interdependence and democratic legitimation. In S. J. Pharr & R. D. Putnam (Eds.), Disaffected democracies: What’s troubling the trilateral countries? (pp. 101–120). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (2009). Legitimacy in the multilevel European polity. European Political Science Review, 1(2), 173–204.
   Google Scholar
• Schimmelfennig, F. (2014). European integration in the Euro crisis: The limits of postfunctionalism. Journal of European Integration, 36(3), 321–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (1969). Three neo-functional hypotheses about international integration. International Organization, 23(1), 161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (1999). How to democratize the European Union … and why bother? Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Schrag Sternberg, C. (2013). The struggle for EU legitimacy: Public contestation, 1950–2005. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Scicluna, N. (2012). EU constitutionalism in flux: Is the Eurozone crisis precipitating centralization or diffusion? European Law Journal, 18(4), 489–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoon, J.-J. (2012). How salient is Europe? An analysis of European election manifestos, 1979–2004. European Union Politics, 13(4), 558–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statham, P., & Trenz, H. J. (2013). The politicization of Europe: Contesting the constitution in the mass media. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Statham, P., & Trenz, H. J. (2015). Understanding the mechanisms of EU politicization: Lessons from the Eurozone crisis. Comparative European Politics, 13(3), 287–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffek, J. (2003). The legitimation of international governance: A discourse approach. European Journal of International Relations, 9(2), 249–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffek, J. (2007). Legitimacy in International Relations: From state compliance to citizen consensus. In A. Hurrelmann, S. Schneider, & J. Steffek (Eds.), Legitimacy in an age of global politics (pp. 175–192). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Thomassen, J. (Ed.). (2009). The legitimacy of European integration after enlargement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Ingelgom, V. (2014). Integrating indifference: A comparative, qualitative and quantitative approach to the legitimacy of European integration. Colchester: ECPR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wendler, F. (2014). Justification and political polarization in national parliamentary debates on EU treaty reform. Journal of European Public Policy, 21(4), 549–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. (2011). Political allegiance after European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Zaum, D. (Ed.). (2013). Legitimating international organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zürn, M. (2014). The politicization of world politics and its effects: Eight propositions. European Political Science Review, 6(1), 47–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zürn, M., Binder, M., & Ecker-Ehrhardt, M. (2013). International authority and its politicization. International Theory, 4(1), 69–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zürn, M., & Ecker-Ehrhardt, M. (Eds.). (2013). Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
   Google Scholar