4,225
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

How regional organisation survives: ASEAN, hedging and international society

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 659-679 | Received 18 Dec 2022, Accepted 16 May 2023, Published online: 23 May 2023

References

  • Acharya, A. (2001). Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Acharya, A. (2011). Norm subsidiarity and regional orders: Sovereignty, regionalism, and rule-making in the third world. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), 95–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00637.x
  • Acharya, A. (2017). The myth of ASEAN centrality? Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 39(2), 273–279.
  • Acharya, A. (2021, December 29). ASEAN and the new geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific. East Asia Forum. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/12/29/asean-and-the-new-geopolitics-of-the-indo-pacific/
  • Alderson, K., & Hurrell, A. (2000). Hedley bull on international society. Macmillan.
  • Antolik, M. (1990). ASEAN and the diplomacy of accommodation. Routledge.
  • ASEAN-China Summit. (2021). Joint statement of the ASEAN-China special summit to commemorate the 30th anniversary of ASEAN-China dialogue relations: Comprehensive strategic partnership for peace, security, prosperity and sustainable development. ASEAN Secretariat. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://asean.org/joint-statement-of-the-asean-china-special-summit-to-commemorate-the-30th-anniversary-of-asean-china-dialogue-relations-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-for-peace-security-prosperity-and-sustain/
  • ASEAN Summit. (2022). ASEAN leaders’ declaration on mainstreaming four priority areas of the ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific within ASEAN-led mechanisms. 40th ASEAN Summit. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://asean.org/asean-leaders-declaration-on-mainstreaming-four-priority-areas-of-the-asean-outlook-on-the-indo-pacific-within-asean-led-mechanisms/
  • ASEAN-United States Summit. (2021). Chairman’s statement of the 9th ASEAN-United States summit. 9th ASEAN-United States Summit. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://asean.org/chairmans-statement-of-the-9th-asean-u-s-summit/
  • Ba, A. D. (2014). Outside-in and inside-out: Political ideology, the English School, and East Asia. In B. Buzan & Y. Zhang (Eds.), Contesting international society in East Asia (pp. 119–143). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ba, A. D. (2020). Multilateralism and East Asian transitions: The English School, diplomacy, and a networking regional order. International Politics, 57(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-019-00202-x
  • Bain, W. (2021). Pluralism and solidarism. In C. Navari (Ed.), International society: The English School (pp. 95–108). Springer.
  • Barnes, J., & Makinda, S. M. (2022). Testing the limits of international society? Trust, AUKUS and Indo-Pacific security. International Affairs, 98(4), 1307–1325. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac111
  • Beeson, M. (2018). Coming to terms with the authoritarian alternative: The implications and motivations of China's environmental policies. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 5(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.217
  • Beeson, M. (2020). The regional path to peaceful change: What the Asian and European experiences tell us. Ethics & International Affairs, 34(4), 535–545. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679420000635
  • Beeson, M. (2022). Decentered? ASEAN's struggle to accommodate great power competition. Global Studies Quarterly, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq/ksab044
  • Beeson, M., & Lee-Brown, T. (2021). Regionalism for realists? The evolution of the Indo-Pacific. Chinese Political Science Review, 6(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41111-020-00163-0
  • Beeson, M., & Watson, N. (2019). Is international leadership changing hands or disappearing? China and the USA in comparative perspective. Asian Perspective, 43(2), 387–415. https://doi.org/10.1353/apr.2019.0015
  • Bisley, N. (2017). The East Asia summit and ASEAN: Potential and problems. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 39(2), 265–272.
  • Bremmer, I. (2022, May 6). The new cold war could soon heat up. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved May 31, 2022, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2022-05-05/new-cold-war-could-soon-heat
  • Brems Knudsen, T. (2019). Fundamental institutions and international organizations: Theorizing continuity and change. In T. Brems Knudsen & C. Navari (Eds.), International organization in the anarchical society: The international structure of world order (pp. 23–50). Springer.
  • Bull, H. (1977). The anarchical society: A study of order in world politics (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Buzan, B. (2004). From international to world society?: English School theory and the social structure of globalisation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Buzan, B., & Gonzalez-Pelaez, A. (Eds.). (2009). International society and the Middle East: English School theory at regional level. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Buzan, B., & Zhang, Y. (2014). Introduction: Interrogating regional international society in East Asia. In B. Buzan & Y. Zhang (Eds.), Contesting international society in East Asia (pp. 1–28). Cambridge University Press.
  • Caballero-Anthony, M. (2008). Non-traditional security and infectious diseases in ASEAN: Going beyond the rhetoric of securitization to deeper institutionalization. The Pacific Review, 21(4), 507–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740802294523
  • Caballero-Anthony, M., & Emmers, R. (2022). Keeping the peace in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the quest for positive peace. The Pacific Review, 35(6), 1079–1104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2022.2075440
  • Chong, A. (2011). A society of the weak, the medium and the great: Southeast Asia’s lessons in building soft community among states. In A. Astrov (Ed.), The great power (mis)management (pp. 135–159). Ashgate.
  • Ciorciari, J. D. (2010). The limits of alignment: Southeast Asia and the great powers since 1975. Georgetown University Press.
  • Cui, S., & Buzan, B. (2016). Great power management in international society. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(2), 181–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pow005
  • Emmers, R. (2012). Cooperative security and the balance of power in ASEAN and the ARF. Routledge.
  • Emmers, R. (2017). Enduring mistrust and conflict management in Southeast Asia: An assessment of ASEAN as a security community. TRaNS: Trans-Regional and-National Studies of Southeast Asia, 5(1), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2016.24
  • Emmers, R. (2018). Unpacking ASEAN neutrality: The quest for autonomy and impartiality in Southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 40(3), 349–370. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs40-3a
  • Eun, Y. S., Acharya, A., & na Thalang, C. (2022). Unpacking the dynamics of weak states’ agency. The Pacific Review, 35(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2021.1998200
  • Foot, R. (2017). Power transitions and great power management: Three decades of China–Japan–US relations. The Pacific Review, 30(6), 829–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2017.1303535
  • Goh, E. (2016, February 22). Southeast Asian strategies toward the great powers; still hedging after all these years. The Asian Forum. https://theasanforum.org/southeast-asian-strategies-toward-the-great-powers-still-hedging-after-all-these-years/
  • Haacke, J. (1999). The concept of flexible engagement and the practice of enhanced interaction: Intramural challenges to the ‘ASEAN way’. The Pacific Review, 12(4), 581–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512749908719307
  • Haacke, J. (2003). ASEAN's diplomatic and security culture: A constructivist assessment. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 3(1), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/3.1.57
  • Haacke, J. (2005). ‘Enhanced interaction’ with Myanmar and the project of a security community: Is ASEAN refining or breaking with its diplomatic and security culture? Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 27(2), 188–216.
  • Haacke, J. (2019). The concept of hedging and its application to Southeast Asia: A critique and a proposal for a modified conceptual and methodological framework. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19(3), 375–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcz010
  • Hoffman, A. M. (2002). A conceptualization of trust in international relations. European Journal of International Relations, 8(3), 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066102008003003
  • Hsieh, P. L. (2022). The roadmap to the ASEAN-EU FTA in the post-pandemic era. Legal Issues of Economic Integration, 49(2), 125–148. https://doi.org/10.54648/LEIE2022006
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Jackson, V. (2014). Power, trust, and network complexity: Three logics of hedging in Asian security. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 14(3), 331–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcu005
  • Jones, D. M., & Jenne, N. (2022). Hedging and grand strategy in Southeast Asian foreign policy. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 22(2), 205–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcab003
  • Jones, D. M., & Smith, M. L. (2007). Making process, not progress: ASEAN and the evolving East Asian regional order. International Security, 32(1), 148–184. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.148
  • Katsumata, H. (2009). ASEAN and human rights: Resisting western pressure or emulating the west? The Pacific Review, 22(5), 619–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740903329731
  • Keating, V. C., & Abbott, L. M. (2021). Entrusted norms: Security, trust, and betrayal in the Gulf Cooperation Council crisis. European Journal of International Relations, 27(4), 1090–1113. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661211044197
  • Keating, V. C., & Ruzicka, J. (2014). Trusting relationships in international politics: No need to hedge. Review of International Studies, 40(4), 753–770. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210514000059
  • Keene, E. (2002). Beyond the anarchical society: Grotius, colonialism and order in world politics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Korolev, A. (2016). Systemic balancing and regional hedging: China–Russia relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(4), 375–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pow013
  • Kuik, C. C. (2008). The essence of hedging: Malaysia and Singapore's response to a rising China. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(2), 159–185. https://doi.org/10.1355/CS30-2A
  • Kuik, C. C. (2016). How do weaker states hedge? Unpacking ASEAN states’ alignment behavior towards China. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(100), 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2015.1132714
  • Kuik, C. C. (2021). Getting hedging right: A small-state perspective. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), 300–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42533-021-00089-5
  • Kydd, A. H. (2005). Trust and mistrust in international relations. Princeton University Press.
  • Laksmana, E. A. (2012). Regional order by other means? Examining the rise of defense diplomacy in Southeast Asia. Asian Security, 8(3), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2012.723920
  • Little, R. (2006). The balance of power and great power management. In R. Little & J. Williams (Eds.), The anarchical society in a globalized world (pp. 97–120). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Manning, C. A. W. (1975). The nature of international society. Macmillan.
  • Martel, S., & Glas, A. (2023). The contested meaning-making of diplomatic norms: Competence in practice in Southeast Asian multilateralism. European Journal of International Relations, 29(1), 227–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221133194
  • McConnell, F., & Dittmer, J. (2016). Diplomatic culture. In C. M. Constantinou, P. Kerr, & P. Sharp (Eds.), The Sage handbook of diplomacy (pp. 104–111). Sage.
  • Mead, W. R. (2014). The return of geopolitics: The revenge of the revisionist powers. Foreign Affairs, 93(3), 69–79.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Milner, A. (2017). Culture and the international relations of Asia. The Pacific Review, 30(6), 857–869. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2017.1315165
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. (2022, May 24). Quad joint leaders’ statement. https://www.mofa.go.jp/fp/nsp/page1e_000401.html
  • Murphy, A. M. (2017). Great power rivalries, domestic politics and Southeast Asian foreign policy: Exploring the linkages. Asian Security, 13(3), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2017.1354566
  • Mursitama, T. N., Karim, M. F., & Arnakim, L. Y. (2021). ASEAN and its relevance amidst pandemic. Journal of ASEAN Studies, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v9i1.7648
  • Narine, S. (2006). The English School and ASEAN. The Pacific Review, 19(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740500473247
  • Natalegawa, M. (2018). Does ASEAN matter? A view from inside. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
  • Navari, C. (2011). The concept of practice in the English School. European Journal of International Relations, 17(4), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110368143
  • Odgaard, L. (2007). The balance of power in Asia-Pacific security: US-China policies on regional order. Routledge.
  • Pempel, T. J. (2010). Soft balancing, hedging, and institutional Darwinism: The economic-security nexus and East Asian regionalism. Journal of East Asian Studies, 10(2), 209–238. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800003441
  • Pempel, T. J. (2022). Sources of peace in East Asia: Interdependence, institutions, and middle powers. The Pacific Review, 35(6), 1010–1027. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2022.2075445
  • Quayle, L. (2013). Southeast Asia and the English School of international relations: A region-theory dialogue. Springer.
  • Quayle, L. (2020). Southeast Asian perspectives on regional alliance dynamics: The Philippines and Thailand. International Politics, 57(2), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-019-00193-9
  • Rengger, N. (1997). The ethics of trust in world politics. International Affairs, 73(3), 469–487. https://doi.org/10.2307/2624268
  • Rosyidin, M. (2020). Reconciling state’s sovereignty with global norms: Indonesia’s quiet diplomacy in Myanmar and the feasibility of the implementation of responsibility to protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia. Global Responsibility to Protect, 12(1), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-01201003
  • Rüland, J. (2011). Southeast Asian regionalism and global governance: ‘Multilateral utility’ or ‘hedging utility’? Contemporary Southeast Asia, 33(1), 83–112. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs33-1d
  • Rüland, J. (2018). The Indonesian way: ASEAN, Europeanization, and foreign policy debates in a new democracy. Stanford University Press.
  • Shekhar, V. (2012). ASEAN’s response to the rise of China: Deploying a hedging strategy. China Report, 48(3), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445512462314
  • Shengxiong, J., Pengfei, M., & Shuo, H. (2020, November 15). Spotlight: Long-awaited RCEP trade deal injects stimulus into global post-pandemic recovery. Xinhua. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/15/c_139518048.htm
  • Simon, S. (2008). ASEAN and multilateralism: The long, bumpy road to community. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(2), 264–292.
  • Spandler, K. (2018). Regional organizations in international society: ASEAN, the EU and the politics of normative arguing. Springer.
  • Stubbs, R. (2018). Order and contestation in the Asia-Pacific region: Liberal vs developmental/non-interventionist approaches. The International Spectator, 53(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2018.1402581
  • Suzuki, S. (2005). Japan’s socialization into Janus-faced European international society. European Journal of International Relations, 11(1), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066105050139
  • Tan, S. S. (2020). Consigned to hedge: South-East Asia and America's ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’ strategy. International Affairs, 96(1), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz227
  • Wen, Y. (2022). ASEAN states’ hedging against the China question: Contested, adaptive, transformative. In D. Plavicevic & N. Talmacs (Eds.), The China question: Contestations and adaptations (pp. 247–268). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wheeler, N., & Booth, K. (2008). The security dilemma: Fear, cooperation, and trust in world politics. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wicaksana, I. G. W. (2016). International society: The social dimensions of Indonesia's foreign policy. The Pacific Review, 29(5), 741–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2015.1047467
  • Wicaksana, I. G. W. (2019). Militarising counterterrorism in Southeast Asia: Incompatibilities and implications for ASEAN. European Journal of East Asian Studies, 18(2), 205–235. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01802005
  • Wicaksana, I. G. W., Nauvarian, D., & Pramudia, P. S. (2023). ASEAN, COVID-19 and Myanmar crisis: Dealing with critical juncture. International Area Studies Review, 26(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/22338659221151129
  • Zala, B. (2020). Regionalism and great power management in the Asia–Pacific: Complementary or competing forces? Asian Studies Review, 44(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2019.1690425