Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Narratives from a Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland

References

• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Bunting, B. P., Murphy, S. D., O’Neill, S. M., & Ferry, F. R. (2012). Lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders and delay in treatment following initial onset: Evidence from the Northern Ireland study of health and stress. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1727–1739. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, J. (2014). The prevalence of domestic violence among safeguarding cases involving adolescents in South Eastern Health & Social Care Trust. University of Ulster and Partners.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety. (2014). Northern Ireland registry of self-harm 2013/14. Belfast: Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS).
   Google Scholar
• Devaney, J., Bunting, L., Hayes, D., Lazenbatt, A., & Spratt, T. (2012). The impact of early childhood experiences on adolescent suicide and accidental death. Belfast, Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14, 42.
   Google Scholar
• Dube, S. R. D., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2003). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. Paediatrics, 111(3), 564–572. doi: 10.1542/peds.111.3.564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L. (2012). Sample size policy for qualitative studies using in-depth interviews. Archive of Sexual Behaviour, 41(6), 1319–1320. doi: 10.1007/s10508-012-0016-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. H. (1963). Youth: Change and challenge. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Favazza, A. R., & Conterio, K. (1989). Female habitual self-mutilators. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 283–289. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb10259.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen, A. M. C., Kirby, K., McBride, O., McGlinchey, E., & Rushe, T. (2019). Comparing self-harm (SH) thoughts and behaviours among a community sample of younger and older adolescents in Northern Ireland. Child Care In Practice, 25(2), 189–199. doi: 10.1080/13575279.2017.1358152
   Google Scholar
• Gromatsky, M. A., Waszczuk, M. A., Perlman, G., Salis, K. L., Klein, D. N., & Kotov, R. (2017). The role of parental psychopathology and personality in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 85, 15–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagell, A. (2013). Adolescent self-harm (Research summary no. 13). Association for Young People’s Health.
   Google Scholar
• Hasking, P., Andrews, T., & Martin, G. (2013). The role of exposure to self-injury among peers in predicting later self-injury. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(10), 1543–1556. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9931-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Harriss, L., Hall, S., Simkin, S., Bale, E., & Bond, A. (2003). Deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1990–2000: A time change in patient characteristics. Psychological Medicine, 33, 987–996. doi: 10.1017/S0033291703007943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E., & Harriss, L. (2009). Adolescents who self-harm: A comparison of those who go to hospital and those who do not. Child Adolescent Mental Health, 14, 24–30. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00485.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E. A., & O’Connor, R. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet, 379, 2373–2382. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hysing, M., Sivertsen, B., Stormark, K. M., & O’Connor, R. C. (2015). Sleep problems and self-harm in adolescence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017(4), 306–312. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146514
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, P. L., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Turner, J. M. (2010). Nonsuicidal self-injury: A review of current research for family medicine and primary care physicians. Journal of American Board of Family Medicine, 23(2), 240–259. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.02.090110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidger, J., Heron, J., Leon, D. A., Tilling, K., Lewis, G., & Gunnell, D. (2015). Self-reported school experience as a predictor of self-harm during adolescence: A prospective cohort study in the South West of England (ALSPAC). Journal of Affective Disorders, 173, 163–169. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, D. E., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007). Self-injury: A research review for the practitioner. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1045–1056. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the “whats” and “whys” of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescents, 34(5), 447–457. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522–525. doi: 10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAndrew, S., & Warne, T. (2014). Hearing the voices of young people who self-harm: Implications for service providers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23, 570–579. doi: 10.1111/inm.12093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 220–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Brausch, A. (2012). Body image as a mediator of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. Journal of Adolescents, 35, 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2014). Adolescent self-harm: A school-based study in Northern Ireland. Journal of Affective Disorders, 159, 46–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R., & Sheehy, N. (2000). Understanding suicidal behaviour. London: BPS Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland. (2016). Registry of self-harm three-year report 2012/2013 to 2014/2015. Belfast: Department of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Sandelowski, M. (1995). Focus on qualitative methods: Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing and Health, 18, 179–183. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770180211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spandler, H. (1996). Who’s hurting who? Young people, self-harm and suicide. 42nd street – community based mental health resource for young people.
   Google Scholar
• Spears, M., Montgomery, A. A., Gunnell, D., & Araya, R. (2014). Factors associated with the development of self-harm among a socio-economically derived cohort of adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(4), 629–637. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0767-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton, J. (2007). Healing the hurt within: Understanding self-injury and self-harm, and heal the emotional wounds (3rd ed.). Oxford: How to Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tryer, P., Thompson, S., Schmidt, U., Jones, V., Knapp, M., & Davidson, K. (2003). Randomized control trial of brief cognitive therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: The POMPACT study. Psychological Medicine, 33, 969–976. doi: 10.1017/S0033291703008171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier, A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2016). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The role of shame. Self-Criticism and Fear of Self-Compassion. Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(4), 571–586. doi: 10.1007/s10566-016-9346-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar