References
- Abaid, J. L. W., Dell’Aglio, D. D., & Koller, S. H. (2010). Preditores de sintomas depressivos em crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados [Predictors of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents institutionalized]. Universitas Psychologica, 9(1), 199–212.
- Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., Roshani, M., Hassanabadi, H., Masoudian, Z., & Afruz, G. A. (2011). Risk and protective factors for residential foster care adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.005
- Alberto, I. (2002). Como pássaros em gaiolas? Reflexões em torno da institucionalização de menores em risco. In C. Machado & R. A. Gonçalves (Coord.), Violência e vítimas de crimes [Violence and victims of crime] (Vol. 2, pp. 223–244). Coimbra: Quarteto.
- Arbuckle, N. W., & Vries, B. (1995). The long-term effects of later life spousal and parental bereavement on personal functioning. The Gerontologist, 35(5), 637–647. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.5.637
- Arndt, J., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2002). From threat to sweat: The role of physiological arousal in the motivation to maintain self-esteem. In A. Tesser, D. A. Stapel, & J. V. Wood (Eds.), Self and motivation: Emerging psychological perspectives (pp. 43–69). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Baron, P., & Campbell, T. L. (1993). Gender differences in the expression of depressive symptoms in middle adolescents: An extension of earlier findings. Adolescence, 28(112), 903–911.
- Ben-Zur, H. (2003). Happy adolescents: The link between subjective well-being, internal resources and parental factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(2), 67–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021864432505
- Bick, J., Fox, N., Zeanah, C., & Nelson, C. A. (2017). Early deprivation, atypical brain development, and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. Neuroscience, 342, 140–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.026
- Boman, P., Smith, D. C., & Curtis, D. (2003). Effects of pessimism and explanatory style on development anger in children. School Psychology International, 24(1), 80–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034303024001581
- Bronfrenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by design and nature. Cambrigde, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Burke, N. J., Hellman, J. L., Scott, B. G., Weems, C. F., & Carrion, V. G. (2011). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(6), 408–413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.006
- Burns, B. J., Phillips, S. D., Wagner, H. R., Barth, R. P., Kolko, D. J., Campbell, Y., & Landsverk, J. (2004). Mental health need and access to mental health services by youths involved with child welfare: A national survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 960–973. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000127590.95585.65
- Butler, L. S., & McPherson, P. M. (2007). Is residential treatment misunderstood? Journal of Child Family Studies, 16(4), 465–472. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9101-6
- Carr, A., Duff, H., & Craddock, F. (2018). A systematic review of reviews of the outcome of severe neglect in underresourced childcare institutions. Trauma Violence & Abuse, Advance online publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018777788
- Carroll, A., Houghton, S., Hattie, J., & Durkin, K. (1999). Adolescent reputation enhancement: Differentiating delinquent, nondelinquent, and at-risk youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 593–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021963099003807
- Costa, M., & Mota, C. P. (2012). Configuração familiar, género e coping em adolescentes: papel dos pares [Family configuration, gender and coping in adolescents: the role of peers]. Psicologia em Estudo, 17(4), 567–575.
- Costa, M., & Mota, C. P. (2014). Papel da ligação aos pares e estratégias de coping na auto-estima de adolescentes institucionalizados [The role of peer attachment and coping strategies in the self-esteem of institutionalized adolescents]. Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 18(1), 81–98.
- Crockett, L. J., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2000). Social change and adolescent development: Issues and challenges. In L. J. Crockett & R. K. Silbereisen (Eds.), Negotiating adolescence in times of social change (pp. 1–13). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Curtis, P. A., Alexander, G., & Lunghofer, L. A. (2001). A literature review comparing the outcomes of residential group care and therapeutic foster care. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 18(5), 377–392. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012507407702
- Davidson-Arad, B., & Klein, A. (2011). Comparative well-being of Israeli youngsters in residential care with and without siblings. Child and Youth Services Review, 33, 2152–2159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.022
- Dozier, M., Kaufman, J., Kobak, R., ÓConnor, T. G., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Scott, S., … Zeanah, C. H. (2014). Consensus statement on group care for children and adolescents: A statement of policy of the American Orthopsychiatric Association. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(3), 219–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000005
- Eurochild. (2010). Children in alternative care. National Surveys – 2nd edition.
- Evans, R., White, J., Turley, R., Slater, T., Morgan, H., Strange, H., & Scourfield, J. (2017). Comparison of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people in care and non-care populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 122–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.020
- Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399–419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357
- Franz, B. S. (2004). Predictors of behavioural and emotional problems of children placed in children’s homes in Croatia. Child and Family Social Work, 9, 265–271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2004.00324.x
- Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children’s perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1016–1024.
- García-Sáiz, M. (2011). Una revision constructive de la gestión por competências. Anales de Psicología, 27(2), 473–497. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/123101
- Garmezy, N. (1983). Stressors of childhood. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress, coping and development in children (pp. 43–84). New York: McGraw–Hill.
- Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. In J. E. Stevenson (Ed.), Recent research in developmental psychopathology Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Book Supplement 4 (pp. 213–233). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
- Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Weeb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
- González-García, C., Bravo, A., Arruabarrena, I., Martín, E., Santos, I., & Del Valle, J. (2017). Emotional and behavioral problems of children in residential care: Screening detection and referrals to mental health services. Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 100–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.011
- Han, E., & Choi, N. (2006). Korean institutionalized adolescents’ attributions of success and failure in interpersonal relations and perceived loneliness. Child and Youth Services Review, 28, 535–547.
- Hatch, L. R. (2000). Beyond gender differences. Adaptation to aging in the life course perspective. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company.
- Hegar, R. L. (2005). Sibling placement in foster care and adoption: An overview of international research. Child and Youth Services Review, 27(7), 717–739. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.12.018
- Heyman, G. D., & Dweck, C. S. (1998). Children’s thinking about traits: Implications for judgments of the self and others. Child Development, 69(2), 391–403.
- Higgins, J. P. T. & Green, S. (eds.). (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Version 5.1.0. [updated May 2015]. The Cochrane Collaboration. Hoboken: Wiley. http://handbook.cochrane.org/
- Jessor, R., Turbin, M. S., Costa, F. M., Dong, Q., Zhang, H., & Wang, C. (2003). Adolescent problem behavior in China and the United States: A cross-national study of psychosocial protective factors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(3), 329–360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.1303004
- Jones, W. H., & Carver, M. D. (1991). Adjustment and coping implications of loneliness. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp. 395–415). New York: Pergamon Press.
- Kääriälä, A., & Hiilamo, H. (2017). Children in out-of-home care as young adults: A systematic review of outcomes in the Nordic countries. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 107–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.030
- Knorth, E. J., Harder, A. T., Zandberg, T., & Kendrick, A. J. (2008). Under one roof: A review and selective meta-analysis on the outcomes of residential child and youth care. Child and Youth Services Review, 30(2), 123–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.09.001
- Lee, B. R., & Thompson, R. (2008). Comparing outcomes for youth in treatment foster care and family-style group care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(7), 746–757. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.12.002
- Lerner, R. M., & Galambos, N. L. (1998). Adolescent development: Challenges and opportunities for research, programs, and policies. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 413–446. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.413
- Lino, A. M., Nobre-Lima, L., & Mónico, L. S. (2016). The moderating role of length of stay in the relationship between cognitive dysregulation and peer attachment in adolescent boys and girls living in residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 71, 290–298. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.11.018
- Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Barone, L. (2015). Attachment in institutionalized children: A review and meta-analysis. Chil Abuse & Neglect, 42, 135–145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.013
- Lohr, K. N. (2004). Rating the strength of scientific evidence: Relevance for quality improvement programs. International Journal for Quality in the Health Care, 16(1), 9–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzh005
- Luke, N., & Coyne, S. M. (2008). Fostering self-esteem: Exploring adult recollections on the influence of foster parents. Child and Family Social Work, 13(4), 402–410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00565.x
- Luke, M. A., Maio, G. R., & Carnelley, K. B. (2004). Attachment models of the self and others: Relations with self-esteem, humanity-esteem, and parental treatment. Personal Relationships, 11(3), 281–303. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00083.x
- Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.
- Marcotte, D., Fortin, L., Potvin, P., & Papillon, M. (2002). Gender differences in depressive symptoms during adolescence: Role of gender-typed characteristics, self-esteem, body image, stressful life events, and pubertal status. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10(1), 29–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/106342660201000104
- Marshall, S. L., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. L. (2013). Is self-esteem a cause or consequence of social support? A four year longitudinal study. Child Development, 85(3), 1275–1291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12176
- Martins, E., & Szymanski, H. (2004). Brincando de casinha: significado de família para crianças institucionalizadas [Playing with the fantasy of home: the meaning of family for institutionalized children]. Estudos de. Psicologia, 9(1), 177–187.
- Matsuura, N., Hashimoto, T., & Toichi, M. (2009). Correlations among self-esteem, aggression, adverse childhood experiences and depression in inmates of a female juvenile correlational facility in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical. Neurosciences, 63(4), 478–485. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01996.x
- McLean, K. (2003). The impact of institutionalization on child development. Development and. Psychopathology, 15(4), 853–884. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579403000415
- McRoy, R., Grotevant, H., & Zurcher, L. (1988). Emotional disturbance in adopted adolescents: Origins and development. New York: Praeger.
- Meegan, A. K., & Kashima, E. S. (2010). Emotional and self-esteem consequences of perceiving discrimination against a new identity group. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13(3), 195–201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2010.01316.x
- Moreno-Manso, J. M., García-Baamonde, M. E., Blázquez-Alonso, M., Pozueco-Romero, J. M., & Godoy-Merino, M. J. (2016). Social communication disorders and social cognitive strategies and attitudes in victims of child abuse. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(1), 701–708. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0192-9
- Moreno-Manso, J. M., García-Baamonde, M. E., Guerrero-Barona, E., & Pozueco-Romero, J. M. (2017). Emotional competence disorders and social communication in young victims of abuse. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 241–250. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0596-1
- Mota, C. P. (2008). Dimensões relacionais no processo de adaptação psicossocial de adolescentes: vulnerabilidade e resiliência em institucionalização, no divórcio e em famílias intactas [Relational dimensions in the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents: Vulnerability and resilience in institutionalization, in divorce and in intact families] (Unpublished Doctor Thesis). Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto.
- Mota, C. M., & Matos, P. M. (2013). Peer attachment, coping, and self-esteem in institutionalized adolescents: The mediating role of social skills. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(1), 87–100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0103-z
- Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2015a). Does sibling relationship matter to self-concept and resilience in institutionalized adolescents? Child and Youth Services Review, 56, 97–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.06.017
- Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2015b). Adolescents in institutional care: Significant adults, resilience and well-being. Child and Youth Care, 44(2), 209–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-014-9278-6
- Mota, C. P., Serra, L., Relva, I. C., & Fernandes, O. M. (2015). Do sibling relationship protect adolescents in residential care and traditional families from developing of psychopathologies? Journal of Child and Family Studies, Advance online publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1106333
- Nathanson, D., & Tzioumi, D. (2007). Health needs of Australian children living in out-of-home care. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 43(10), 695–699.
- Newcomb, M. (1990). Social support and personal characteristics: A developmental and interactional perspective. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 54–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1990.9.1.54
- Olsson, C. A., Bond, L., Burns, J. M., Vella-Brodrick, D. A., & Sawyer, S. M. (2003). Adolescent resilience: A concept analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 26(1), 1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1971(02)00118-5
- Pesce, R. P., Assis, S. G., Santos, N., & Oliveira, R. V. C. (2004). Risco e proteção: Em busca de um equilíbrio promotor de resiliência [Risk and protection: looking for an equilibrium that provides resilience]. Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa, 20(2), 135–143.
- Petrowski, N., Cappa, C., & Gross, P. (2017). Estimating the number of children in formal alternative care: Challenges and results. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 388–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.026
- Pinchover, S., & Attar-Schwartz, S. (2014). Institutional social climate and adjustment difficulties of adolescents in residential care: The mediating role of victimization by peers. Children and Youth Services Review, 44, 393–399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.005
- Poletto, M., & Koller, S. H. (2008). Contextos ecológicos: Pomotores de resiliência, factores de risco e de proteção [Ecological contexts: resilience, risk and protection factors]. Estudos de Psicologia, 25, 405–416.
- Quatman, T., & Watson, C. M. (2001). Gender differences in adolescent self-esteem: An exploration of domains. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162(1), 93–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320109597883
- Robinson, L. (2000). Racial identity attitudes and self-esteem of black adolescents in residential care: An exploratory study. British Journal of Social Work, 30, 3–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/30.1.3
- Rocha, M., Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2011). Vinculação à mãe e ligação aos pares na adolescência: O papel mediador da auto-estima [Mother and peer attachment in adolescence: The mediating role of self-esteem]. Análise Psicológica, 2(29), 185–200.
- Rutter, M. J. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316–331.
- Rutter, M. J. (1999). Resilience concepts and findings: Implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 119–144. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00108
- Sastre, M. T. M., & Ferrière, G. (2000). Family “decline” and the subjective well-being of adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 49, 69–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006935129243
- Save the Children. (2009). Institutional care: The last resort: Advocacy brief. Retrieved from http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/resources/online-library/policy-brief-institutional-care-last-resort
- Segura, A., Pereda, N., Guilera, G., & Abad, J. (2016). Poly-victimization and psychopathology among Spanish adolescents in residential care. Child Abuse and Neglect, 55, 40–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.03.009
- Shaver, P., & Rubenstein, C. (1980). Childhood attachment experience and adult loneliness. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of personality and psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 42–73). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Siqueira, A. C., & Dell`Aglio, D. D. (2006). O impacto da institucionalização na infância e na adolescência: Uma revisão de literatura [The impact of institutionalization on childhood and adolescence: a literature review]. Psicologia & Sociedade, 18(1), 71–80.
- Skinner, E. A. (1995). Perceived control, motivation, and coping. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Steels, S., & Simpson, H. (2017). Perceptions of children in residential care homes: A critical review of the literature. British Journal of Social Work, 47, 1704–1722. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx107
- Sulimani-Aidan, Y., & Benbenishty, R. (2011). Future expectations of adolescents in residential care in Israel. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1134–1141. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.006
- Suzuki, H., & Tomoda, A. (2015). Roles of attachment and self-esteem: Impact of early life stress on depressive symptoms among Japanese institutionalized children. BMC Psychiatry, 15(8), 1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0385-1
- Tulviste, T. (2011). Autonomy education plans, and self-esteem in institution-reared and home-readed teenagers in Estonia. Youth & Society, 43(4), 1335–1354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X10384497
- Unicef. (2003). Children in institutions: The beginning of the end? Florence: Italy, Innocent Research Centre.
- Unicef. (2009). Progress for children: A report card on child protection, No. 8. New York: Author.
- Van den Dries, L., Juffer, F., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (2009). Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 410–421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.09.008
- Van der Vegt, E., Van der Ende, J., Ferdinand, R. F., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. (2009). Early childhood adversities and trajectories of psychiatric problems in adoptees: Evidence for long lasting effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 239–249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9272-2
- Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008). IQ of children growing up in children’s homes: A meta-analysis on IQ delays in orphanages. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54(3), 341–366. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.0.0002
- Von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, M., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ, 335(7624), 806–808. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
- Wilkinson, R. B., & Parry, M. M. (2004). Attachment styles, quality of attachment relationships, and components of self-esteem in adolescence. Proceedings of the 39th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (pp. 30–305). Melbourne, Australia: The Australian Psychological Society.
- Zappe, J. G., & Dell`Aglio, D. D. (2016). Adolescência em diferentes contextos de desenvolvimento: risco e protecção uma perspectiva longitudinal [Adolescence in different contexts of development: Risk and protection in a longitudinal perspective]. Psico, 47(2), 99–110. doi:https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2016.2.21494