Publication Cover
Mortality
Promoting the interdisciplinary study of death and dying
Volume 28, 2023 - Issue 1
340
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The interlacing of disease, death, and colonial discord: San Lazaro Crematorium, Manila, the Philippines

References

  • Adorno, T. (1991). The culture industry. Routledge.
  • Anderson, W. (2006). Colonial pathologies. American tropical medicine, race, and hygiene in the Philippines. Duke University Press.
  • Ariès, P. (1975). The reversal of death: Changes in attitudes towards death in western societies. In D. E. Stannard (Ed.), Death in America (pp. 134–158). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Arnold, D. (1988). Introduction: Disease, medicine, and empire. In D. Arnold (Ed.), Imperial medicine and indigenous societies (pp. 1–26). Manchester University Press.
  • Benitez, C. (1932). Philippine civics. How we govern ourselves. Ginn and Company.
  • “Between Americans and Filipinos.” El Ideal, December 6 1910: page number unknown. Document held in the Charles B. Elliot Papers, MMC-3421, Box 4, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2014). On the state. Lectures at the collège de France, 1989-1992. Polity.
  • “Cemeteries.” 1908. Report of the governor of the Philippine Islands. Manila, the Philippines: Bureau of Public Printing: 101.
  • Census of the Philippines Islands. Volume 1: Geography, history, and population. 1905. Washington DC: US Bureau of the Census.
  • Census of the Philippines Islands. Volume 3: Mortality, defective classes, education, families and dwellings. 1905. Washington DC: US Bureau of the Census.
  • “Crematories and Morgues.” 1913. Bureau of health report. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 64.
  • Dakudao, M. (1992). The development of cemeteries in Manila before 1941. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 8(2/3), 203–259. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792084
  • De Bevoise, K. (1995). Agents of apocalypse: Epidemic disease in the colonial Philippines. Princeton University Press.
  • De Cristoforis, M. (1890). Étude Pratique sur la Crémation Moderne. Treves Ed.
  • Diokno, M., & Serena, I. (2016). Introduction. Fear of contagion, punishment, and hope. In M. S. I. Diokno (Ed.), Hidden lives, concealed narratives: A history of leprosy in the Philippines (pp. 1–20). National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
  • Dix, G. (1996). Integrity and integration: Evolution and rehabilitation of the city – part 1. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 2(2), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.1996.10785158
  • Farley, J. (1991). Bilharzia. A history of imperial tropical medicine. Cambridge University Press.
  • Flores, W. L. (2006). Why are Filipinos so superstitious? Philstar Global. Philippine Star Printing Co., Inc. https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2006/04/30/334240/why-are-filipinos-so-superstitious.
  • Foucault, M. (1968). Des Espaces Autres. Árcittetura, 13, 822–823.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power-knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-77. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and the power. In H. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208–226). Harvester.
  • Francia, L. (2010). A history of the Philippines from Indios Bravos to Filipinos. The Overlook Press.
  • Freer, P., & Polk, M. (1905). 1. Description of new buildings. In Department of the interior, bureau of government laboratories report (pp. 7–29). Bureau of Public Printing.
  • Gilchrist, H. L. (1902). A synopsis of the sanitary census of Manila. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 38(16), 988–993. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1001/jama.1902.62480160010001a
  • Heiser, V. (1918). American sanitation in the Philippines and its influence on the orient. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 57(1), 60–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i240456
  • Heiser, V. (1936). An American doctor’s odyssey. Grosset & Dunlap.
  • Huetz de Lemps, X. (2001). Waters in nineteenth century Manila. Philippine Studies, 49(4), 488–517. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42633496
  • Ileto, R. (1988a). Cholera and the origins of the American sanitary order in the Philippines. In D. Arnold (Ed.), Imperial medicine and indigenous societies (pp. 125–148). Manchester University Press.
  • Ileto, R. (1988b). Outlines of a non-linear emplotment of Philippine history. In T. G. Lim (Ed.), Reflections on development of southeast Asia (pp. 130–159). ASEAN Economic Research Unit.
  • Kazmier, L. (2009). Leading the world: The role of Britain and the first world war in promoting the ‘modern cremation’ movement. Journal of Social History, 42(3.), 557–579. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1353/jsh/42.3.557
  • Lemke, T. (2002). Foucault, governmentality, and critique. Rethinking Marxism, 14(3), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/089356902101242288
  • MacDonald, C. (2004). Folk catholicism and pre-colonial religions in the Philippines. Philippine Studies, 52(1), 78–93. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42633685
  • McCorkle Jr., W. W. (2010). Ritualizing the disposal of the deceased. From corpse to concept. Peter Lang.
  • McDill, J. R. (1906). Status of medical affairs in the Philippine Islands. The Oriental Press.
  • Morley, I. (2018). Cities and nationhood: American imperialism and urban design in the Philippines, 1898-1916. Hawaii University Press.
  • Murray Li, T. (2007). Governmentality. Anthropologica, 49(2), 275–281. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25605363
  • Pendlebury, J., Wang, Y.-W., & Law, A. (2018). Re-suing ‘uncomfortable heritage’: The case of the 1933 building, Shanghai. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1362580
  • Porro, A., Falconi, B., Cristini, C., Lorusso, L., & Franchini, A. F. (2012). Modernity in medicine and hygiene at the end of the 19th century: The example of cremation. Journal of Public Health Research, 1(10), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2012.e10
  • “Recommendations of the Chief of the Hospital (San Lazaro Hospital)”. 1920. Bureau of health report. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 57.
  • Report of the Philippine commission, Part 1. 1913. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  • Report of the Philippine Commission, Part 2. 1904. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
  • Report of the Philippine commission, Part 2. 1903. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  • “Report of the Physician in Charge of San Lazaro”. 1905. Bureau of health annual report, September 1903-August 1904, 156 and 165. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing.
  • Rosa, H. (2015). Social acceleration. A new theory of modernity. Columbia University Press.
  • Rotter, A. (2019). Empires of the senses. Bodily encounters in imperial India and the Philippines. Oxford University Press.
  • Russell, C. E. (1922). The outlook for the Philippines. The Century Co.
  • “San Lazaro Hospitals Division.” 1908. Bureau of health annual report, July 1907-June 1908, 121. Manila, the Philippines: Bureau of Public Printing.
  • Sather-Wagstaff, J. (2018). ‘Dark’ tourism and the heritage of death. In M. Frihammar & S. Helaine (Eds.), Heritage of death. Landscapes of emotion, memory and practice (pp. 225–235). Routledge.
  • Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing like a state. How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press.
  • Seedhouse, D. (2001). Health: The foundation of achievement. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Sharr, A. (2012). Reading architecture and culture. Routledge.
  • Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliff, A. D. (1998). The Philippine Insurrection and the 1902-4 cholera epidemic: Part 1 – epidemiological diffusion processes in war. Journal of Historical Geography, 24(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1997.0077
  • Stevens Curl, J. (2000). The victorian celebration of death. Sutton Publishing Limited.
  • Sullivan, R., & Ileto, R. (1997). Americanism and the politics of health in the Philippines, 1902-1913. In S. Hewa & P. Hove (Eds.), Philanthropy and cultural context. Western philosophy in south, east, and southeast Asia in the 20th century (pp. 39–64). University Press of America, Inc.
  • The Manila Times. May 4 2020. “Cremation traumatizes virus-hit Philippines.” https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/05/04/news/top-stories/cremation-traumatizes-in-virus-hit-philippines/722190/
  • The Star. April 12 2020. “Philippines: Hospitals must cremate Covid-19 victims in 12 hours”. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/04/12/philippines-hospitals-must-cremate-covid-19-victims-in-12-hours-death-toll-now-at-297
  • “The Theory of ‘Intussusception’.” La Vanguardia, March 21 1910: page number unknown. Document held in the Charles B. Elliot Papers, MMC-3421, Box 4, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
  • van den Muijzenberg, O. (2016). Colonial Manila 1901-1912: Three Dutch travel accounts. Ateneo de Manila Press.
  • Wilkinson, H. B. 1905. “Report of the physician in charge of the San Lazaro hospitals, September 1, 1903, to August 21, 1904”, 147–149. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Public Health. Bureau of Printing.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.