Publication Cover
Laterality
Asymmetries of Brain, Behaviour, and Cognition
Volume 14, 2009 - Issue 2
190
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Post unilateral lesion response biases modulate memory: Crossed double dissociation of hemispheric specialisations

, , &
Pages 122-164 | Received 09 Oct 2007, Published online: 04 Mar 2009

References

  • Aggleton , J. P. and Saunders , R. C. 1997 . The relationships between temporal lobe and diencephalic structures implicated in anterograde amnesia . Memory , 5 : 49 – 71 .
  • Akkawi , N. M. , Agosti , C. , Rozzini , L. , Anzola , G. P. and Padovani , A. 2001 . Transient global amnesia and venous flow patterns . Lancet , 357 : 639
  • Aron , A. R. , Monsell , S. , Sahakian , B. J. and Robbins , T. W. 2004 . A componential analysis of task-switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex . Brain , 127 : 1561 – 1573 .
  • Aylward , G. P. , Brager , P. and Harper , D. C. 2002 . Relations between visual and auditory continuous performance tests in a clinical population: A descriptive study . Developmental Neuropsychology , 21 : 285 – 303 .
  • Barber , A. J. and Rose , S. P. R. 1991 . Amnesia induced by 2-Deoxygalactose in the day old chick: Lateralisation of effects in two different one-trial learning tasks . Behavioral and Neural Biology , 56 : 77 – 88 .
  • Bellissimo , M. I. , Kouzmine , I. , Ferro , M. M. , de Oliveira , B. H. , Canteras , N. S. and Da Cunha , C. 2004 . Is the unilateral lesion of the left substantia nigra pars compacta sufficient to induce working memory impairment in rats? . Neurobiology of Learning and Memory , 82 : 150 – 158 .
  • Belyi , B. I. 1987 . Mental impairment in unilateral frontal tumours: Role of the laterality of the lesion . International Journal of Neuroscience , 32 : 799 – 810 .
  • Berlyne , N. 1972 . Confabulation . British Journal of Psychiatry , 120 : 31 – 39 .
  • Bowers , D. , Verfaellie , M. , Valenstein , E. and Heilman , K. M. 1988 . Impaired acquisition of temporal information in retrosplenial amnesia . Brain & Cognition , 8 : 47 – 66 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. 2007 . The evolution of hemispheric specialisation of antagonistic systems of management of the body's energy resources . Laterality , 12 : 397 – 427 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Daigneault , R. , Gaudelet , S. and Guimond , A. 2008 . DSM-IV symptoms of mania: Which one(s) result more often from right than left hemisphere lesions? . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 49 : 441 – 459 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Desjardins , S. , Gaudelet , S. and Guimond , A. 2007 . Psychic tonus, body schema and the parietal lobes: A multiple lesion case analysis . Behavioral Neurology , 18 : 65 – 80 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Dumont , M. , Duval , J. , Hamel , I. and Godbout , L. 2003 . Opposed left and right brain hemisphere contributions to sexual drive: A multiple lesion case analysis . Behavioural Neurology , 14 : 55 – 61 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Dumont , M. , Duval , J. and Hamel-Hebert , I. 2004 . Speech rate as a sticky switch: A multiple lesion case analysis of mutism and hyperlalia . Brain and Language , 89 : 243 – 252 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Duval , J. and Guimond , A. 2006 . Auditory hypergnosia as an example of psychic tonus in the temporal lobes: Multiple case analyses . Critical Reviews in Neurobiology , 17 : 21 – 33 .
  • Braun , C. M. J. & Guimond , A. ( in press ). Visual hypo and hypergnosia as exemplars of poles of psychic tonus in the occipital lobes: Multiple case analyses . Behavioral Neurology .
  • Braun , C. M. J. , Larocque , C. , Daigneault , S. and Montour-Proulx , I. 1999 . Mania, pseudomania, depression, and pseudodepression resulting from focal unilateral cortical lesions . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 12 : 35 – 51 .
  • Buchsbaum , B. R. , Greer , S. , Chang , W. L. and Berman , K. F. 2005 . Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of the Wisconsin card-sorting task and component processes . Human Brain Mapping , 25 : 35 – 45 .
  • Buckner , R. L. and Koutstaal , W. 1998 . Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval . Proceedings of the National fAcademy of Sciences USA , 95 : 891 – 898 .
  • Budson , A. E. , Roth , H. L. , Rentz , D. M. and Ronthal , M. 2000 . Disruption of the ventral visual stream in a case of reduplicative paramnesia . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 911 : 447 – 452 .
  • Cabeza , R. , Rao , S. M. , Wagner , A. D. , Mayer , A. R. and Schacter , D. L. 2001 . Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional MRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 98 : 4805 – 4810 .
  • Calabrese , P. , Markowitsch , H. J. , Durwen , H. F. , Widlitzek , H. , Haupts , M. Holinka , B. 1996 . Right temporofrontal cortex as critical locus for the ecphory of old episodic memories . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 61 : 304 – 310 .
  • Clark , L. , Manes , F. , Antoun , N. , Sahakian , B. J. and Robbins , T. W. 2003 . The contributions of lesion laterality and lesion volume to decision-making impairment following frontal lobe damage . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 1474 – 1483 .
  • Coleman-Mesches , K. , Salinas , J. A. and McGaugh , J. L. 1996 . Unilateral amygdala inactivation after training attenuates memory for reduced reward . Behavioural Brain Research , 77 : 175 – 180 .
  • Conway , M. A. and Fthenaki , A. 2003 . Disruption of inhibitory control of memory following lesions to the frontal and temporal lobes . Cortex , 39 : 667 – 686 .
  • Corballis , M. C. 1989 . Laterality and human evolution . Psychologial Review , 96 : 492 – 505 .
  • Craig , A. D. 2005 . Forebrain emotional asymmetry: A neuroanatomical basis? . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 9 : 566 – 571 .
  • Cummings , J. L. 1988 . Organic psychosis . Psychosomatics , 29 : 16 – 26 .
  • Curran , T. , Schacter , D. L. , Johnson , M. K. and Spinks , R. 2001 . Brain potentials reflect behavioural differences in true and false recognition . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 13 : 201 – 216 .
  • Curran , T. , Schacter , D. L. , Norman , K. A. and Galluccio , L. 1997 . False recognition after a right frontal lobe infarction: Memory for general and specific information . Neuropsychologia , 35 : 1035 – 1049 .
  • Dalla Barba , G. 1993 . Confabulation: Knowledge and recollective experience . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 10 : 1 – 20 .
  • Davachi , L. , Mitchell , J. P. and Wagner , D. 2003 . Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial temporal lobe processes build item and source memories . Proceedings of the National fAcademy of Sciences USA , 100 : 2157 – 2162 .
  • Deglin , V. L. and Kinsbourne , M. 1996 . Divergent thinking styles of the hemispheres: How syllogisms are solved during transitory hemisphere suppression . Brain and Cognition , 31 : 285 – 307 .
  • Denenberg , V. H. , Hofmann , M. , Garbanati , J. A. , Sherman , G. F. , Rosen , G. D. and Yutzey , D. A. 1980 . Handling in infancy, taste aversion, and brain laterality in rats . Brain Research , 200 : 123 – 133 .
  • Duval , J. , Braun , C. M. J. , Montour-Proulx , I. , Daigneault , S. , Rouleau , I. and Bégin , J. 2008 . Brain lesions and IQ: Recovery versus decline depends on age of onset . Journal of Child Neurology Adolescent , 20 : 1 – 12 .
  • Edelstyn , N. M. and Oyebode , F. 1999 . A review of the phenomenology and cognitive neuropsychological origins of the Capgras syndrome . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 14 : 48 – 59 .
  • Forstl , H. , Almeida , O. P. , Owen , A. M. , Burns , A. and Howard , R. 1991 . Psychiatric, neurological and medical aspects of misidentification syndromes: A review of 260 cases . Psychological Medicine , 21 : 905 – 910 .
  • Gilbert , S. J. , Spengler , S. , Simons , J. S. , Douglas Steele , J. , Lawrie , S. M. Frith , C. D. 2006 . Functional specialisation within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10): A meta-analysis . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 18 : 932 – 948 .
  • Gilboa , A. 2004 . Autobiographical and episodic memory – one and the same? Evidence from prefrontal activation in neuroimaging studies . Neuropsychologia , 42 : 1336 – 1349 .
  • Gilboa , A. and Moscovitch , M. 2002 . “ The cognitive neuroscience of confabulation: A review and a model ” . In The handbook of memory disorders , Edited by: Baddeley , A. D. , Kopelman , M. D. and Wilson , B. A. 315 – 342 . New York : Wiley .
  • Gillespie , D. C. , Bowen , A. and Foster , J. K. 2006 . Memory impairment following right hemisphere stroke: A comparative meta-analytic and narrative review . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 : 59 – 75 .
  • Guimond , A. , Braun , C. M. J. , Rouleau , I. and Godbout , L. 2006 . Remembering the past and foreseeing the future while dealing with the present: A comparison of healthy young adult and elderly cohorts on a multitask simulation of occupational activities . Experimental Aging Research , 32 : 363 – 380 .
  • Habib , R. and Nyberg , L. 2007 . Neural correlates of availability and accessibility in memory . Cerebral Cortex , 18 : 1720 – 1726 .
  • Hakim , H. , Verma , N. P. and Greiffenstein , M. F. 1988 . Pathogenesis of reduplicative paramnesia . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgury & Psychiatry , 51 : 839 – 841 .
  • Hannula , D. E. and Ranganath , C. 2008 . Medial temporal lobe activity predicts successful relational memory binding . The Journal of Neuroscience , 28 : 116 – 124 .
  • Henson , R. N. A , Rugg , M. D. , Shallice , T. and Dolan , R. J. 2000 . Confidence in recognition memory for words: Dissociating right prefrontal roles in episodic retrieval . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscince , 12 : 913 – 923 .
  • Heun , R. , Jessen , F. , Klose , U. , Erb , M. , Granath , D. O. and Grodd , W. 2000 . Response-related fMRI analysis during encoding and retrieval revealed differences in cerebral activation by retrieval success . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging Section , 99 : 137 – 150 .
  • Heun , R. , Jessen , F. , Klose , U. , Erb , M. , Granath , D. O. and Grodd , W. 2004 . Response-related fMRI of veridical and false recognition of words . European Psychiatry , 19 : 42 – 52 .
  • Iidaka , T. , Matsumoto , A. , Nogawa , J. , Yamamoto , Y. and Sadato , N. 2006 . Frontoparietal network involved in successful retrieval from episodic memory. Spatial and temporal analyses using fMRI and ERP . Cerebral Cortex , 16 : 1349 – 1360 .
  • Isaacs , K. L. , Barr , W. B. , Nelson , P. K. and Devinsky , O. 2006 . Degree of handedness and cerebral dominance . Neurology , 66 : 1855 – 1858 .
  • Jackson , O. and Schacter , D. L. 2004 . Encoding activity in anterior medial temporal lobe supports subsequent associative recognition . Neuroimage , 21 : 456 – 462 .
  • Jones-Gotman , M. , Zatorre , R. J. , Olivier , A. , Andermann , F. , Cendes , F. Staunton , H. 1997 . Learning and retention of words and designs following excision from medial or lateral temporal-lobe structures . Neuropsychologia , 35 : 963 – 973 .
  • Kawashima , R. , Satoh , K. , Itoh , H. , Ono , S. , Furumoto , S. Gotoh , R. 1996 . Functional anatomy of GO/NO-GO discrimination and response selection: A PET study in man . Brain Research , 728 : 79 – 89 .
  • Kennepohl , S. , Sziklas , V. , Garver , K. E. , Wagner , D. D. and Jones-Gotman , M. 2007 . Memory and the medial temporal lobe: Hemispheric specialisation reconsidered . Neuroimage , 36 : 969 – 978 .
  • Kiehl , K. A. , Liddle , P. F. and Hopfinger , J. B. 2000 . Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulated: An event-related fMRI study . Psychophysiology , 37 : 216 – 223 .
  • Kimura , D. 1963 . Right temporal-lobe damage . Archives of Neurology , 8 : 264 – 271 .
  • Kopelman , M. D. 2002 . Disorders of memory . Brain , 125 : 2152 – 2190 .
  • Lampl , Y. , Lorberboym , M. , Gilad , R. , Boaz , M. and Sadeh , M. 2005 . Auditory hallucinations in acute stroke . Behavioral Neurology , 16 : 211 – 216 .
  • Lee , T. M. C. , Yip , J. T. H. and Jones-Gotman , M. 2002 . Memory deficits after resection from left and right anterior temporal lobe in humans: A meta-analytic review . Epilepsia , 43 : 283 – 291 .
  • Levine , B. , Black , S. E. , Cabeza , R. , Sinden , M. , Mcintosh , A. R. Toth , J. P. 1998 . Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrograde amnesia . Brain , 121 : 1951 – 1973 .
  • Lisanby , S. H. , Kohler , C. , Swanson , C. L. and Gur , R. E. 1998 . Psychosis secondary to brain tumor . Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry , 3 : 12 – 22 .
  • Majdan , A. , Sziklas , V. and Jones-Gotman , M. 1996 . Performance of healthy subjects and patients with resection from the anterior temporal lobe on matched tests of verbal and visuoperceptual learning . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 18 : 416 – 430 .
  • Markowitsch , H. J. , Calabrese , P. , Neufeld , H. , Gehlen , W. and Durwen , H. F. 1999 . Retrograde amnesia for world knowledge and preserved memory for autobiographic events. A case report . Cortex , 35 : 243 – 252 .
  • McDonald , C. R. , Crosson , B. , Valenstein , E. and Bowers , D. 2001 . Verbal encoding deficits in a patient with a left retrosplenial lesion . Neurocase , 7 : 407 – 417 .
  • Miklyaeva , E. I. , Varlinskaya , E. I. , Ioffe , M. E. , Mats , V. N. , Pokazanyeva , L. N. and Kulikov , M. A. 1993 . Differences in the recovery rate of a learned forelimb movement after ablation of the motor cortex in right and left hemisphere in white rats . Behavioural Brain Research , 56 : 145 – 154 .
  • Miller , J. W. , Jayadev , S. , Dodrill , C. B. and Ojemann , G. A. 2005 . Gender differences in handedness and speech lateralisation related to early neurologic insults . Neurology , 65 : 1974 – 1975 .
  • Minett , T. S. , Dean , J. L , Firbank , M. , English , P. and O'Brien , J. T. 2005 . Subjective memory complaints, white-matter lesions, depressive symptoms, and cognition in elderly patients . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 : 665 – 671 .
  • Moore , P. M. and Baker , G. A. 1996 . Validation of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised in a sample of people with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy . Epilepsia , 37 : 1215 – 1220 .
  • Moran , M. , Seidenberg , M. , Sabsevitz , D. , Swanson , S. and Hermann , B. 2005 . The acquisition of face and person identity information following anterior temporal lobectomy . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 11 : 237 – 248 .
  • Moscovitch , M. , Nadel , L. , Winocur , G. , Gilboa , A. and Rosenbaum , R. S. 2006 . The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory . Current Opinion in Neurobiology , 16 : 179 – 190 .
  • Mostofsky , S. H. , Schafer , J. G. B. , Abrams , M. T. , Goldberg , M. C. , Flower , A. A. Boyce , A. 2003 . fMRI evidence that the neural basis of response inhibition is task-dependent . Cognitive Brain Research , 17 : 419 – 430 .
  • Murai , T. , Toichi , M. , Sengoku , A. , Miyoshi , K. and Morimune , S. 1997 . Reduplicative paramnesia in patients with focal brain damage . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 10 : 190 – 196 .
  • Naugle , R. I. , Chelune , G. J. , Cheek , R. , Luders , H. and Awad , I. A. 1993 . Detection of changes in material-specific memory following temporal lobectomy using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 8 : 381 – 395 .
  • Nedelmann , M. , Eicke , B. M. and Dieterich , M. 2005 . Increased incidence of jugular valve insufficiency in patients with transient global amnesia . Journal of Neurology , 252 : 1482 – 1486 .
  • Nolde , S. F. , Johnson , M. K. and D'Esposito , M. 1998 . Left prefrontal activation during episodic remembering: An event-related fMRI study . Neuroreport , 9 : 3509 – 3514 .
  • Okado , Y. and Stark , C. 2003 . Neural processing associated with true and false memory retrieval . Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience , 3 : 323 – 334 .
  • Ott , B. R. and Saver , J. L. 1993 . Unilateral amnesic stroke: Six new cases and a review of the literature . Stroke , 24 : 1033 – 1042 .
  • Parslow , D. M. , Morris , R. G. , Fleminger , S. , Rahman , Q. , Abrahams , S. and Recce , M. 2005 . Allocentric spatial memory in humans with hippocampal lesions . Acta Psychologica , 118 : 123 – 147 .
  • Phelps , E. A. and Gazzaniga , M. S. 1992 . Hemispheric differences in mnemonic processing: The effects of left hemisphere interpretation . Neuropsychologia , 30 : 293 – 297 .
  • Platel , H. 2005 . Functional neuroimaging of semantic and episodic musical memory . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1060 : 136 – 147 .
  • Podell , K. , Lovell , M. , Zimmerman , M. and Goldberg , E. 1995 . The Cognitive Bias Task and lateralised frontal lobe functions in males . The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 7 : 491 – 501 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. 1996 . The evolutionary biology of self-deception, laughter, dreaming and depression: Some clues for anosognosia . Medical Hypotheses , 47 : 347 – 362 .
  • Rapcsak , S. Z. , Nielsen , L. , Littrell , L. D. , Glisky , E. L. , Kaszniak , A. W. and Laguna , J. F. 2001 . Face memory impairments in patients with frontal lobe damage . Neurology , 57 : 1168 – 1175 .
  • Reed , J. M. and Squire , L. R. 1997 . Impaired recognition memory in patients with lesions limited to the hippocampal formation . Behavioral Neuroscience , 111 : 667 – 675 .
  • Riege , W. H. , Klane , L. T. , Metter , E. J. and Hanson , W. R. 1982 . Decision speed and bias after unilateral stroke . Cortex , 18 : 345 – 355 .
  • Rixecker , H. and Hartje , W. 1980 . Kimura's Recurring-Figures test: A normative study . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 36 : 465 – 467 .
  • Rubia , K. , Russell , T. , Overmeyer , S. , Brammer , M. J. , Bullmore , E. T. Sharma , T. 2001 . Mapping motor inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different versions of Go/No-Go and Stop tasks . NeuroImage , 13 : 250 – 261 .
  • Salazar-Fraile , J. , Tabares-Seisdedos , R. , Selva-Vera , G. , Balanza-Martinez , V. , Martinez-Aran , A. Catalan , J. 2004 . Recall and recognition confabulation in psychotic and bipolar disorders: Evidence for two different types without unitary mechanisms . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 45 : 281 – 288 .
  • Sander , K. and Sander , D. 2005 . New insights into transient global amnesia: Recent imaging and clinical findings . Lancet (Neurology) , 4 : 437 – 444 .
  • Schacter , D. L. , Curran , T. , Galluccio , L. , Milberg , W. P. and Bates , J. F. 1996 . False recognition and the right frontal lobe: A case study . Neuropsychologia , 34 : 793 – 808 .
  • Sedlaczek , O. , Hirsch , J. G. , Grips , E. , Peters , N. A. , Gass , A. Wöhrle , J. 2004 . Detection of delayed focal MR changes in the lateral hippocampus in transient global amnesia . Neurology , 62 : 2165 – 2170 .
  • Shallice , T. 2006 . “ Contrasting domains in the control of attention: The routine and the non routine ” . In Attention and performance XXI: Processes of change in brain and cognitive development , Edited by: Munakata , Y. and Johnson , M. New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Simmonds , D. J. , Pekar , J. J. and Mostofsky , S. H. 2008 . Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent . Neuropsychologia , 46 : 224 – 232 .
  • Slotnick , S. D. , Moo , L. R. , Segal , J. B. and Hart , J. Jr. 2003 . Distinct prefrontal cortex activity associated with item memory and source memory for visual shapes . Cognitive Brain Research , 17 : 75 – 82 .
  • Smith , A. P. , Henson , R. N. , Rugg , M. D. and Dolan , R. J. 2005 . Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory . Learning and Memory , 12 : 472 – 479 .
  • Smith , M. L. 1989 . “ Memory disorders associated with temporal lobe lesions ” . In Handbook of neuropsychology Vol 3 , Edited by: Boller , F. and Grafman , J. 91 – 106 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Spiers , H. J. , Burgess , N. , Maguire , E. A. , Baxendale , S. A. , Hartley , T. Thompson , P. J. 2001 . Unilateral temporal lobectomy patients show lateralised topographical and episodic memory deficits in a virtual town . Brain , 124 : 2476 – 2489 .
  • Squire , L. R. and Bayley , P. J. 2007 . The neuroscience of remote memory . Current opinion in Neurobiology , 17 : 185 – 196 .
  • St-Marseille , A. , Kouassi , G. , D'Angelo , P. , Laplante , S. , Cheng , M-L. and Trouvé , F. 1996 . Opposed left and right neocortical involvement in the immune response indexed by cerebrovascular accidents in humans: Preliminary results . Brain & Cognition , 32 : 173 – 175 .
  • Stuss , D. T. and Guzman , D. A. 1988 . Severe remote memory loss with minimal anterograde amnesia: A clinical note . Brain & Cognition , 8 : 21 – 30 .
  • Tulving , E. , Kapur , S. , Craik , F. I. , Moscovitch , M. and Houle , S. 1994 . Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: Positron emission tomography findings . Proceedings of the National fAcademy of Sciences USA , 91 : 2016 – 2020 .
  • Turner , M. S. , Cipolotti , L. , Yousry , T. and Shallice , T. 2007 . Qualitatively different memory impairments across frontal lobe subgroups . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 1540 – 1552 .
  • Von Zerssen , G. C. , Mecklinger , A. , Opitz , B. and von Cramon , D. Y. 2001 . Conscious recollection and illusory recognition: An event–related fMARI study . European Journal of Neuroscience , 13 : 2148 – 2156 .
  • Weinand , M. E. , Hermann , B. , Wyler , A. R. , Carter , L. P. , Oommen , K. J. Labiner , D. 1994 . Long-term subdural strip electrocorticographic monitoring of ictal deja vu . Epilepsia , 35 : 1054 – 1059 .
  • Weis , S. , Klaver , P. , Reul , J. , Elger , C. E. and Fernandez , G. 2004 . Temporal and cerebellar brain regions that support both declarative memory formation and retrieval . Cerebral Cortex , 14 : 256 – 267 .
  • Wilde , N. , Strauss , E. , Chelune , G. J. , Loring , D. W. , Martin , R. C. Hermann , B. P. 2001 . WMS-III performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Group differences and individual classification . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 7 : 881 – 891 .
  • Zorzon , M. , Antonutti , L. , Mase , G. , Biasutti , E. , Vitrani , B. and Cazzato , G. 1995 . Transient global amnesia and transient ischemic attack. Natural history, vascular risk factors, and associated conditions . Stroke , 26 : 1536 – 1542 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.