Pushing through evolution? Incidence and fight records of left-oriented fighters in professional boxing history

REFERENCES

• Abrams, D. M., & Panaggio, M. J. (2012). A model balancing cooperation and competition can explain our right-handed world and the dominance of left-handed athletes. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 9, 2718–2722. doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggleton, J. P., & Wood, C. J. (1990). Is there a left-handed advantage in ‘ballistic’ sports? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 46–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2013). The southpaw advantage?—Lateral preference in mixed martial arts. PLoS ONE, 8, e79793. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, R., Bussière, L. F., Jennions, M. D., & Hunt, J. (2004). Sinister strategies succeed at the cricket World Cup. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271, S64–S66. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0100
   Google Scholar
• Clotfelter, E. D. (2008). Frequency-dependent performance and handedness in professional baseball players. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 122, 68–72. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dane, S., & Sekertekin, M. A. (2005). Differences in handedness and scores of aggressiveness and interpersonal relations of soccer players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 743–746. doi:10.2466/pms.100.3.743-746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietl, G. P., & Hendricks, J. R. (2006). Crab scars reveal survival advantage of left-handed snails. Biology Letters, 2, 439–442. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastwood, P. (1972). Studies in games playing: Laterality in a games context. In H. T. A. Whiting (Ed.), Readings in sports psychology (pp. 228–237). London: Lepus.
   Google Scholar
• Faurie, C., Llaurens, V., Alvergne, A., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., & Raymond, M. (2011). Left-handedness and male-male competition: Insights from fighting and hormonal data. Evolutionary Psychology, 9, 354–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faurie, C., & Raymond, M. (2004). Handedness frequency over more than ten thousand years. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271, S43–S45. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faurie, C., & Raymond, M. (2013). The fighting hypothesis as an evolutionary explanation for the handedness polymorphism in humans: Where are we? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1288, 110–113. doi:10.1111/nyas.12159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faurie, C., Schiefenhövel, W., Le Bomin, S., Billiard, S., & Raymond, M. (2005). Variation in the frequency of left-handedness in traditional societies. Current Anthropology, 46(1), 142–147. doi:10.1086/427101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frasnelli, E., Vallortigara, G., & Rogers, L. J. (2012). Left–right asymmetries of behaviour and nervous system in invertebrates. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1273–1291. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frayer, D. W., Lozano, M., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Carbonell, E., Arsuaga, J. L., Radovčić, J., …Bondioli, L. (2012). More than 500,000 years of right-handedness in Europe. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 17, 51–69. doi:10.1080/1357650X.2010.529451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghirlanda, S., Frasnelli, E., & Vallortigara, G. (2009). Intraspecific competition and coordination in the evolution of lateralization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 861–866. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghirlanda, S., & Vallortigara, G. (2004). The evolution of brain lateralization: A game-theoretical analysis of population structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, 853–857. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, A. N., & Wysocki, C. J. (1992). Hand preference and age in the United States. Neuropsychologia, 30, 601–608. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90065-T
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, S. R., & Young, C. A. (1996). “Evolutionary” stable strategy of handedness in major league baseball. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110, 164–169. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.110.2.164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorynia, I., & Egenter, D. (2000). Intermanual coordination in relation to handedness, familial sinistrality and lateral preferences. Cortex, 36, 1–18. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70832-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groothuis, T. G. G., McManus, I. C., Schaafsma, S. M., & Geuze, R. H. (2013). The fighting hypothesis in combat: How well does the fighting hypothesis explain human left-handed minorities? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1288, 100–109. doi:10.1111/nyas.12164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grouios, G. (2004). Motoric dominance and sporting excellence: Training versus heredity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 98, 53–66. doi:10.2466/pms.98.1.53-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grouios, G., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Alexandris, K., & Barkoukis, V. (2000). Do left-handed competitors have an innate superiority in sports? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 1273–1282. doi:10.2466/pms.2000.90.3c.1273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gursoy, R. (2009). Effects of left- or right-hand preference on the success of boxers in Turkey. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 142–144. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.043547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagemann, N. (2009). The advantage of being left-handed in interactive sports. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71, 1641–1648. doi:10.3758/App.71.7.1641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, L. J. (2010). In fencing, what gives left-handers the edge? Views from the present and the distant past. Laterality, 15, 15–55. doi:10.1080/13576500701650430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, R. A., & Barton, R. A. (2005). Red enhances human performance in contests. Nature, 435, 293. doi:10.1038/435293a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori, M. (1993). Frequency-dependent natural selection in the handedness of scale-eating cichlid fish. Science, 260, 216–219. doi:10.1126/science.260.5105.216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llaurens, V., Raymond, M., & Faurie, C. (2009). Why are some people left-handed? An evolutionary perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 881–894. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., & Hagemann, N. (2012). Side bias in human performance: A review on the left-handers’ advantage in sports. In T. Dutta, M. Mandal, & S. Kumar (Eds.), Bias in human behaviour (pp. 163–182). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., & Hagemann, N. (2014). Zum Einfluss des Anlaufwinkels und der Füßigkeit des Schützen auf die Antizipation von Elfmeterschüssen [On the effect of a shooter’s approach angle and kicking foot on the anticipation of penalty-kicks]. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie, 21, 63–73. doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., & Strauss, B. (2010). Automated processes in tennis: Do left-handed players benefit from the tactical preferences of their opponents? Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 435–443. doi:10.1080/02640410903536459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., & Strauss, B. (2012). Left-handedness in professional and amateur tennis. PLoS ONE, 7, e49325. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., Schorer, J., Hagemann, N., & Baker, J. (2012). On the advantage of being left-handed in volleyball: Further evidence of the specificity of skilled visual perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74, 446–453. doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0252-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., Sölter, F., & Hagemann, N. (2014). Left preference for sport tasks does not necessarily indicate left-handedness: Sport-specific lateral preferences, relationship with handedness and implications for laterality research in behavioural sciences. PLoS ONE, 9, e105800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McManus, I. C. (2002). Right hand, left hand: The origins of asymmetry in brains, bodies, atoms and culture. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
   Google Scholar
• McMorris, T., & Colenso, S. (1996). Anticipation of professional soccer goalkeepers when facing right- and left-footed penalty kicks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 931–934. doi:10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell-Olds, T., Willis, J. H., & Goldstein, D. B. (2007). Which evolutionary processes influence natural genetic variation for phenotypic traits? Nature Reviews Genetics, 8, 845–856. doi:10.1038/nrg2207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan, H. (1999). The world encyclopedia of boxing: The definitive illustrated guide (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books.
   Google Scholar
• Perelle, I. B., & Ehrman, L. (1994). An international study of human handedness: The data. Behavior Genetics, 24, 217–227. doi:10.1007/BF01067189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, M., Reimers, S., & Manning, J. T. (2006). Hand preference for writing and associations with selected demographic and behavioral variables in 255,100 subjects: The BBC internet study. Brain and Cognition, 62, 177–189. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollet, T. V., Stulp, G., & Groothuis, T. G. G. (2013). Born to win? Testing the fighting hypothesis in realistic fights: Left-handedness in the ultimate fighting championship. Animal Behaviour, 86, 839–843. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puterman, J., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2010). Laterality differences in elite ice hockey: An investigation of shooting and catching orientations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 1581–1593. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.514281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymond, M., Pontier, D., Dufour, A. B., & Møller, A. P. (1996). Frequency-dependent maintenance of left handedness in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 263, 1627–1633. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripoll, H., Kerlirzin, Y., Stein, J.-F., & Reine, B. (1995). Analysis of information processing, decision making, and visual strategies in complex problem solving sport situations. Human Movement Science, 14, 325–349. doi:10.1016/0167-9457(95)00019-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. B., & Skutt, A. G. (2011). The boxing register: International boxing hall of fame official record book (5th ed.). Ithaca, NY: McBooks Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, L. J., Vallortigara, G., & Andrew, R. J. (2013). Divided brains: The biology and behaviour of brain asymmetries. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scheirer, C. J., Ray, W. S., & Hare, N. (1976). The analysis of ranked data derived from completely randomized factorial designs. Biometrics, 32, 429–434. doi:10.2307/2529511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schorer, J., Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., & Baker, J. (2012). Human handedness in interactive situations: Negative perceptual frequency effects can be reversed! Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 507–513. doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.654811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinervo, B., & Calsbeek, R. (2006). The developmental, physiological, neural, and genetical causes and consequences of frequency-dependent selection in the wild. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 37, 581–610. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, M. F., & Chenier, T. C. (1990). Arm-span, height, and age in black and white women. Annals of Human Biology, 17, 533–541. doi:10.1080/03014469000001312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walilko, T. J., Viano, D. C., & Bir, C. A. (2005). Biomechanics of the head for Olympic boxer punches to the face. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 710–719. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.014126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnick, J. E., & Warnick, K. (2009). Specification of variables predictive of victories in the sport of boxing: II. Further characterization of previous success. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 108, 137–138. doi:10.2466/pms.108.1.137-138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, C. J., & Aggleton, J. P. (1989). Handedness in ‘fast ball’ sports: Do left-handers have an innate advantage? British Journal of Psychology, 80, 227–240. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1989.tb02316.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziyagil, M. A., Gursoy, R., Dane, S., & Yuksel, R. (2010). Left-handed wrestlers are more successful. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111, 65–70. doi:10.2466/04.05.19.25.PMS.111.4.65-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar