The mane effect in the horse (Equus ferus caballus): Right mane dominance enhanced in mares but not associated with left and right manoeuvres in a reining competition

References

• Aksu, F., Baykara, B., Ergın, C., & Arman, C. (2013). Phenotypic features in autistic individuals: The finger length ratio (2D:4D), hair whorl, and hand dominance. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 24, 94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, N. P., & Rogers, L. J. (2007). Asymmetry of flight and escape turning responses in horses. Laterality, 12, 464–474. doi:10.1080/13576500701495307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, N. P., & Rogers, L. J. (2012). Limb preferences and lateralization of aggression, reactivity and vigilance in feral horses (Equus caballus). Animal Behaviour, 83, 239–247. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, N. P., & Rogers, L. J. (2014). Lateralization of agonistic and vigilance responses in Przewalski horses (Equus przewalskii). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 151, 43–50. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaton, A. A., & Mellor, G. (2007). Direction of hair whorl and handedness. Laterality, 12, 295–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budiansky, S. (1997). The nature of horses. New York, NY: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H., Smallwood, P. M., Williams, J., & Nathans, J. (2016). The spatio-temporal domains of Frizzled6 action in planar polarity control of hair follicle orientation. Developmental Biology, 409, 181–193. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csabi, G., Zsuppán, R., Jeges, S., & Tényi, T. (2014). Minor physical anomalies are more common in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung, 16, 115–120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• David, T. J., & Osborne, C. M. (1976). Scalp hair patterns in mental subnormality. Journal of Medical Genetics, 13, 123–126. doi: 10.1136/jmg.13.2.123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Boyer Des Roches, A., Richard-Yris, M. A., Henry, S., Ezzaouïa, M., & Hausberger, M. (2008). Laterality and emotions: Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) differs with objects’ emotional value. Physiology & Behavior, 94, 487–490. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duel, N. R., & Lawrence, L. M. (1987). Laterality of gallop gait of horses. Journal of Biomechanics, 20, 645–649. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(87)90285-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning, A. (1996). Reining. Colorado Springs, CO: Western Horseman Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, R. D., Grandin, T., DeJarnette, J. M., Deesing, M., & Garrick, D. J. (2005). Phenotypic relationships between hair whorl characteristics and spermatozoal attributes in Holstein bulls. Animal Reproduction Science, 85, 95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, K., Krueger, K., & Byrne, R. W. (2010). Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) interacting with humans. Animal Cognition, 13, 229–238. doi:10.1007/s10071-009-0260-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsberg, M. J. (2008, June). What’s in a whorl? Horse & Rider, pp. 46–53.
   Google Scholar
• Górecka, A., Słoniewski, K., Golonka, M., Jaworski, Z., & Jezierski, T. (2006). Heritability of hair whorl position on the forehead in Konik horses. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 123, 396–398. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00619.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, N., Hawkins, C., Nathans, J. (2004). Frizzled6 controls hair patterning in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(25), 9277–9281. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402802101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Heel, M. C., van Dierendonck, M. C., Kroekenstoel, A. M., & Back, W. (2010). Lateralised motor behaviour leads to increased unevenness in front feet and asymmetry in athletic performance in young mature warmblood horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42, 444–450. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00064.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua, Z. L., Jeon, S., Caterina, M. J., & Nathans, J. (2014). Frizzled3 is required for the development of multiple axon tracts in the mouse central nervous system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, E3005–E3014. doi:10.1073/pnas.1406399111
   Google Scholar
• Klar, J. S. (2003). Human handedness and scalp hair-whorl direction develop from a common genetic mechanism. Genetics, 18, 269–276.
   Google Scholar
• Klar, A. J. (2009). Scalp hair-whorl orientation of Japanese individuals is random; hence, the trait’s distribution is not genetically determined. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 20, 510–513. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanier, J. L., Grandin, T, Green, R., Avery, D., & McGee, K. (2001). A note on hair whorl position and cattle temperament in the auction ring. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 73, 93–101. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00132-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesniak, K. (2013). Directional asymmetry of facial and limb traits in horses and ponies. Veterinary Journal, September, 45–51. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucidi, P., Bacco, G., Sticco, M., Mazzoleni, G., Benvenuti, M., Bernabò, N., & Trentini, R. (2013). Assessment of motor laterality in foals and young horses (Equus caballus) through an analysis of derailment at trot. Physiology & Behavior, 109, 8–13. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGreevy, P. D., & Rogers, L. J. (2004). Motor and sensory laterality in thoroughbred horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 92, 337–352. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.11.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meij, H. S., & Meji, J. C. P. (1980). Functional asymmetry in the motor system of the horse. South African Journal of Science, 76, 552–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meola, M. G., Grandin, T., Burns, P., & Deesing, M. (2004). Hair whorl patterns on the bovine forehead may be related to breeding soundness measures. Theriogenology, 62, 450–457. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, M. H. (trans.) (1893). The art of horsemanship by Xenophon (pp. 13–68). Boston, MA: Little Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., & Arkins, S. (2008). Facial hair whorls (trichoglyphs) and the incidence of motor laterality in the horse. Behavioural Processes, 79, 7–12. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., Sutherland, A., & Arkins, S. (2005). Idiosyncratic motor laterality in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91, 297–310. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozgen, H., Hellemann, G. S., de Jonge, M. V., Beemer, F. A., & van Engeland, H. (2013). Predictive value of morphological features in patients with autism versus normal controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(1), 147–155. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1554-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perelle, I. B., Ehrman, L., & Chanza, M. (2009). Human handedness and scalp hair whorl direction: No evidence for a common cause. Laterality, 14, 95–101. doi:10.1080/13576500802387692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siniscalchi, M., Padalino, B., Aubé, L., & Quaranta, A. (2015). Right-nostril use during sniffing at arousing stimuli produces higher cardiac activity in jumper horses. Laterality, 20, 483–500. doi:10.1080/1357650X.2015.1005629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siniscalchi, M., Padalino, B., Lusito, R., & Quaranta, A. (2014). Is the left forelimb preference indicative of a stressful situation in horses? Behavioural Processes, 107, 61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. W., & Gong, B. T. (1974). Scalp-hair patterning: Its significance relative to early brain and upper facial development. Teratology, 9, 17–34. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420090105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Svensson, E. M., Telldahl, Y., Sjöling, E., Sundkvist, A., Hulth, H., Sjøvold, T., & Götherström, A. (2012). Coat colour and sex identification in horses from iron age Sweden. Annals of Anatomy – Anatomischer Anzeiger, 194, 82–87. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomkins, L. M., & McGreevy, P. D. (2010a). Hair whorls in the dog (Canis familiaris). I. distribution. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 293, 338–350. doi:10.1002/ar.21055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomkins, L. M., & McGreevy, P. D. (2010b). Hair whorls in the dog (Canis familiaris), part II: Asymmetries. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 293, 513–518. doi:10.1002/ar.21077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlsten, D. (1984). Growth of the mouse corpus callosum. Developmental Brain Research, 15, 59–67. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(84)90140-8
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Chang, H., Rattner, A., & Nathans, J. (2016). Frizzled receptors in development and disease. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 117, 113–139. doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Guo, N., & Nathans, J. (2006). The role of Frizzled3 and Frizzled6 in neural tube closure and in the planar polarity of inner-ear sensory hair cells. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(8), 2147–2156. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4698-05.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whishaw, I. Q. (2015). Absence of population asymmetry in the American quarter horse (Equus ferus caballus) performing skilled left and right manoeuvres in reining competition. Laterality, 20, 604–617. doi:10.1080/1357650X.2015.1023732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. E., & Norris, B. J. (2007). Laterality in stride pattern preferences in racehorses. Animal Behaviour, 74, 941–950. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.01.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S. (1950). On the genetics of hair direction in the Guinea pig. III. Interactions between the processes due to the loci R and St. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 113, 33–63. doi:10.1002/jez.1401130104
   Google Scholar
• Wundeerlick, R. C., & Heerema, N. A. (1975). Hair crown patterns in human newborns. Clinical Pediatrics, 14, 1045–1049. doi: 10.1177/000992287501401111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., & Mlodzik, M. (2015). Wnt-Frizzled/planar cell polarity signaling: Cellular orientation by facing the wind (Wnt). Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 31, 623–646. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar