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Obituary

Obituary Prof. Dr. Gerd Heppke

References

  • Heppke G, Schneider F. ESR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen des Ordnungsgrades von Vanadylacetylacetonat in kristallin-flüssigem und glasig erstarrtem N-(p-Methoxybenzyliden)-p-n-butylanilin. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem. 1971;75(1):61–65.
  • Heppke G, Schneider F. Kinetics of aligsnment of a nematic liquid crystal in magnetic fields – a method for measuring the rotational viscosity γ1. Z Naturforsch A. 1973;27(6):976–982.
  • Heppke G, Schneider F. Untersuchungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit homologer 4,4′-Di-n-alkyloxy-azoxybenzole im nematischen Phasenbereich. Z Naturforsch A Phys Sci. 1975;30a:316–322.
  • Bock M, Heppke G, Richter E-J, et al. Electric conductivity of liquid crystal mixtures with induced smectic phases. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1978;45:221–229.
  • Engelen B, Heppke G, Hopf R, et al. Induced smectic phases. Annales de Physique. 1978;3(2–4):403–407.
  • Heppke G, Richter EJ. Induktion smektischer Phasen in binären Mischungen nematischer Flüssigkristalle/Induction of smectic phases in binary mixtures of nematic liquid crystals. Z Naturforsch A. 1978;33(2):185–189.
  • Engelen B, Heppke G, Hopf R, et al. Reentrant nematic mixtures. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1979;49(6):193–197.
  • Suresh KA, Shashidhar R, Heppke G, et al. Temperature variation of the layer spacing in the smectic a, reentrant nematic and reentrant smectic a phases of 9 OBCAB. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1983;99(1):249–253.
  • Göbl-Wunsch A, Heppke G, Oestreicher F. Temperature independent threshold voltage for an electrooptic effect. J Phys (Paris). 1979;40(8):773–777.
  • Heppke G, Knippenberg B, Möller A, et al. Colored and black liquid crystalline mixtures with new antraquinone dyes. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1983;94:1–2, 191–204.
  • Heppke G, Martens J, Praefcke K, et al. Organic selenium-compounds. 3. Selenol esters – novel class of liquid crystal compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed. 1977;16(5):318–319.
  • Heppke G, Oestreicher F. Determination of helical sense of cholesteric liquid crystals using Grandjean-Cano method. Z Naturforsch A. 1977;32(8):899–901.
  • Heppke G, Oestreicher F. Determination of cholesteric screw sense. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1978;41(9):245–249.
  • Heppke G, Krumrey M, Oestreicher F. Observation of electro-optical effects in blue phase systems. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1983;99(1–4):99–105.
  • Heppke G, Jérôme B, Kitzerow HS, et al. Electrostriction of the cholesteric blue phases BPI and BPII in mixtures with positive dielectric anisotropy. J de Physique. 1989;50(19):2991–2998.
  • Heppke G, Jérôme B, Kitzerow HS, et al. Electrostriction of the cholesteric blue phases BPI and BPII in mixtures with negative dielectric anisotropy. J de Physique. 1989;50(5):549–562.
  • Kitzerow HS, Crooker PP, Heppke G. Line-shapes of field-induced blue-phase-III selective reflections. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67(16):2151–2154.
  • Heppke G, Kitzerow HS, Krumrey M. Electric-field induced variation of the refractive index in cholesteric blue phases. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst Lett. 1985;2(1–2):59–65.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Oestreicher F. Mesogenic chiral dopants with unusual high helical twisting power. Z Naturforsch A. 1986;41(10):1214–1218.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Oestreicher F. Esters of (S)-1,2-propanediol and (R,R)-2,3-butanediol – chiral compounds inducing cholesteric phases with a helix inversion. Z Naturforsch A. 1987;42(3):279–283.
  • Baena MJ, Buey J, Espinet P, et al. Metallomesogens with a cholesteric mesophase. Angew Chem Int Ed. 1993;23(8):1201–1203.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Ferroelectric liquid crystals with high spontaneous polarization. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1986;4(2):31–37. Part: Letter.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Ferroelectric liquid crystals – properties of binary mixtures and pure compounds with high spontaneous polarization. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1987;148:29–43.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G, Sharma NK. Dielectric studies of the smectic-C-smectic-A transition of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with high spontaneous polarization. Ferroelectrics. 1987;76(1–2):151–157.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G, Sabaschus B. Chiral-racemic phase diagram of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with high spontaneous polarization. Ferroelectrics. 1988;84:103–118.
  • Ratna BR, Shashidar R, Nair GG, et al. Evidence of a 1st order smectic-A smectic-C-star transition and its approach to tricritical behavior. Phys Rev A. 1988;37(5):1824–1826.
  • Liu HY, Huang CC, Bahr C, et al. Tricriticality near the smectic-A-smectic-C transition of a liquid crystal compound. Phys Rev Lett 1988;61(3):345–348. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.345.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Optical and dielectric investigations on the electroclinic effect exhibited by a ferroelectric liquid crystal with high spontaneous polarization. Liq Cryst. 1987;2(6):825–831.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Electric-field induced smectic A to smectic-C transition in ferroelectric liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1987;150B:313–324.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Influence of electric field on a 1st order smectic A ferroelectric smectic C liquid crystal phase transition – a field-induced critical point. Phys Rev A. 1990;41(8):4335–4342.
  • Bömelburg J, Hänsel C, Heppke G, et al. Mesogenic compounds with two Chiral Lateral Groups: new chiral dopants for ferroelectric liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1990;192(1):335–343.
  • Bahr C, Escher C, Fliegner D, et al. Behaviour of helical pitch in cholesteric and chiral smectic C* phases. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem. 1991;95(10):1233–1237.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G. Electroclinic effect in smectic-B and -E phases of chiral molecules. Phys Rev A. 1988;37(8):3179–3181.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Demus D, et al. The SmM phase: evidence for a new type of tilted smectic phase. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1991;208(1):9–19.
  • Bahr C, Heppke G, Wuthe K. Dielectric, viscosity, and pitch measurements of a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting the phase sequence smectic M-smectic C. Liq Cryst. 1992;12(6):997–1003.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Sharma NK, et al. Liquid crystalline 2-[4-(2-chloroalkanoyloxy)-phenyl −5-(4-n-hexyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidines–new ferroelectric compounds exhibiting interesting polymorphism. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1994;241(1):275–288.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Kampa B, et al. Synthese und ferroelektrische Eigenschaften einer homologen Serie chiraler 2,5-Diphenylpyrimidine. Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung. 1993;335(6):549–554.
  • Heppke G, Kleineberg P, Lötzsch D. Synthesis and liquid crystalline propertiesbof a homologous series of antiferroelectric liquid crystals and their respective racemates. Liq Cryst. 1993;14(1):67–71.
  • Bennemann D, Heppke G, Levelut AM, et al. X-ray miscibility investigations on new compounds exhibiting wide range smectic Q phases. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1995;260:351–360.
  • Mery S, Lötzsch D, Heppke G, et al. Antiferroelectric and ferrielectric liquid crystalline low molar mass materials and polymers. Liq Cryst. 1997;23(5):629–644.
  • Buivydas M, Gouda F, Andersson G, et al. Collective and non-collective excitations in antiferroelectric and ferrielectric liquid crystals studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and electro-optic measurements. Liq Cryst. 1997;23(5):723–739.
  • Heppke G, Lötzsch D, Morr M, et al. New chiral side chains for ferro- and antiferro-electric liquid crystals derived from the preen-gland wax of the domestic goose. J Mater Chem. 1997;7(10):1993–1999.
  • Levelut AM, Hallouin E, Bennemann D, et al. The smectic Q phase, a crystal of twist grain boundaries with smectic order. J Phys France II. 1997;7(7):981–1000.
  • Skarabot M, Cepic M, Zeks B, et al. Birefringence and tilt angle in the antiferroelectric, ferroelectric, and intermediate phases of chiral smectic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 1998;58(1):575–584.
  • Lagerwall JPF, Giesselmann F, Selbmann C, et al. Generation of frustrated liquid crystal phases by mixing an achiral nematic–smectic-C mesogen with an antiferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal. J Chem Phys. 2005;122:144906.
  • Lagerwall JPF, Heppke G, Giesselmann F. Frustration between syn- and anticlinicity in mixtures of chiral and non-chiral tilted smectic-C–type liquid crystals. Eur Phys J E. 2005;18:113–121.
  • Goc F, Selbmann C, Rauch S, et al. Induction of antiferroelectric phases in high tilt chiral smectics by doping with bent-shaped liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2005;439:147–160.
  • Hayashi N, Kocot A, Linehan MJ, et al. Experimental demonstration, using polarized Raman and infrared spectroscopy, that both conventional and de Vries smectic-A phases may exist in smectic liquid crystals with a first-order A−C* transition. Phys Rev E. 2006;74(5):051706.
  • Krüerke D, Kitzerow HS, Heppke G, et al. First observation of selective reflection and blue phases in chiral discotic liquid crystals. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem. 1993;97(10):1371–1375.
  • Langner M, Praefcke K, Krüerke D, et al. Chiral radial pentaynes exhibiting cholesteric discotic phases. J Mater Chem. 1995;5(4):693–699.
  • Krüerke D, Gough N, Heppke G, et al. Electrically tuneable cholesteric mirror. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2000;351(1):69–78.
  • Heppke G, Krüerke D, Müller M, et al. Investigations on electrooptical effects in chiral discotic columnar mesophases. Ferroelectrics. 1996;179:203–209.
  • Jákli A, Müller M, Krüerke D, et al. First observation of electromechanical effects in a chiral ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal. Liq Cryst. 1998;24(3):467–472.
  • Heppke G, Krüerke D, Löhning C, et al. New chiral discotic triphenylene derivatives exhibiting a cholesteric blue phase and a ferroelectrically switchable columnar mesophase. J Mater Chem. 2000;10(12):2657–2661.
  • Jákli A, Müller M, Heppke G. Rheology of a pyramidal liquid crystal. Liq Cryst. 1999;26(7):945–952.
  • Heppke G, Moro D. Liquid crystals - Chiral order from achiral molecules. Science. 1998;279(5358):1872–1873.
  • Jakli A, Rauch S, Lötzsch D, et al. Uniform textures of smectic liquid-crystal phase formed by bent-core molecules. Phys Rev E. 1998;57(6):6737–6740.
  • Heppke G, Jakli A, Rauch S, et al. Electric-field-induced chiral separation in-liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 1999;60(5):5575–5579. Part: A.
  • Heppke G, Parghi DD, Sawade H. A laterally fluoro-substituted “banana-shaped” liquid crystal showing antiferroelectricity. Ferroelectrics. 2000;243(1–4):269–276.
  • Heppke G, Parghi DD, Sawade H. Novel sulphur-containing banana-shaped liquid crystal molecules. Liq Cryst. 2000;27(3):313–320.
  • Jakli A, Chien LC, Krüerke D, et al. Light shutters from antiferroelectric liquid crystals of bent-shaped molecules. Liq Cryst. 2002;29(3):377–381.
  • Jakli A, Krüerke D, Sawade H, et al. Evidence for triclinic symmetry in smectic liquid crystals of bent-shape molecules. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;86(25):5715–5718.
  • Rauch S, Bault P, Sawade H, et al. Ferroelectric-chiral-antiferroelectric-racemic liquid crystal phase transition of bent-shape molecules. Phys Rev E. 2002;66(2):021706. Part: 1.
  • Kentischer F, MacDonald R, Warnick P, et al. Second harmonic generation (SHG) investigations of different phases of banana shaped molecules. Liq Cryst. 1998;25(3):341–347.
  • Macdonald R, Kentischer F, Warnick P, et al. Antiferroelectricity and chiral order in new liquid crystals of nonchiral molecules studied by optical second harmonic generation. Phys Rev Lett. 1998;81(20):4408–4411.
  • Morales-Saavedra OG, Jákli A, Heppke G, et al. Polar micro structures of the B2 and B4 phases of bent-shaped LC-molecules resolved by nonlinear optical microscopy. J Nonlinear Opt Phys Mater. 2006;15(2):287–302.
  • Morales-Saavedra OG, Jákli A, Heppke G, et al. Polar ordering in thermotropic mesogens resolved by scanning NLO microscopy. J Nonlinear Opt Phys Mater. 2006;15(4):431–446.
  • Goc F, Selbmann C, Rauch S, et al. Induction of antiferroelectric phases in high tilt chiral smectics by doping with bent-shaped liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2005;439(1):147–160.
  • Hough LE, Jung HT, Krüerke D, et al. Helical nanofilament phases. Science. 2009;325(5939):456–460.
  • Krüerke D, Rudquist P, Lagerwall ST, et al. Ferroelectric switching of chiral discotic lyomesophases. Ferroelectrics. 2000;243:207–220.
  • Olenik ID, Spindler L, Copic M, et al. Glasslike character of molecular ordering in discotic lyomesophyses. Phys Rev E. 2001;65:011705.
  • Kitzerow HS, Schmid H, Ranft A, et al. Observation of blue phases in chiral networks. Liq Cryst. 1993;14(3):911–916.
  • Bömelburg J, Heppke G, Wuthe K. Glass forming low-molecular mass ferroelectric liquid crystals. Proc SPIE. 1994;2175:10–20.
  • Loddoch M, Marowsky G, Schmid H, et al. Novel glass-forming ferroelectric liquid crystal material of high second-order nonlinearity. Appl Phys B. 1994;59:591–595.
  • Contzen J, Heppke G, Kitzerow HS, et al. Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals. Appl Phys B. 1996;63:606–608.
  • Hauser A, Thieme M, Saupe A, et al. Surface-imaging of frozen blue phases in a discotic liquid crystal with atomic force microscopy. J Mater Chem. 1997;7(11):2223–2229.
  • Rauch S, Selbmann C, Bault P, et al. Glass forming banana-shaped compounds: vitrified liquid crystal states. Phys Rev E. 2004;69(2):021707. Part: 1.
  • Shashidar R, Ratna BR, Prasad SK, et al. Smectic-Ad-smectic-A2 critical point. Phys Rev Lett. 1987;59(11):1209–1211.
  • Wen X, Garland CW, Heppke G. Calorimetric investigation of nematic —smectic-A2 and smectic-A2 —smectic-C2 transitions. Phys Rev A. 1991;44(8):5064–5068.
  • Heilmeier GH, Zanoni LA, Barton LA. Dynamic scattering: a new electrooptic effect in certain classes of nematic liquid crystals. Proc IEEE. 1968;56(7):1162–1171.
  • Heilmeier GH, Zanoni LA. Guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals. A new electrooptic effect. Appl Phys Lett. 1968;13(3):91–92.
  • Wysocki J, Adams J, Haas W. Electric-field-induced phase change in cholesteric liquid crystals. Phys Rev Lett. 1968;20:1024–1026.
  • Schadt M, Helfrich W. Voltage-Dependent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 1971;18(4):127–128.
  • Meyer RB, Liebert L, Strzelecki L, et al. Ferroelectric liquid crystals. J Phys (Paris) Lett. 1975;36(3):69–71.
  • Clark NA, Lagerwall ST. Submicrosecond bistable electro-optic switching in liquid crystals. Appl Phys Lett. 1980;36(11):899–901.
  • Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Suresh KA. Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules. PramanaJ Phys. 1977;9:471–480.
  • Niori T, Sekine T, Watanabe J, et al. Distinct ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals consisting of banana shaped achiral molecules. J Mater Chem. 1996;6:1231–1233.
  • Link DR, Natale G, Shao R, et al. Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules. Science. 1997;278:1924–1927.
  • de Gennes PG. The physics of liquid crystals. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1975.
  • Liquid crystals of one- and two-dimensional order. In: Helfrich W, Heppke G, Editors. Proceedings of the Conference on Liquid Crystals of One- and Two-Dimensional Order and Their Applications, Garmisch- Partenkirchen (Germany, January 21–25, 1980). Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol 11, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg New York; 1980.
  • Kitzerow H. Alfred Saupe Prize 2013: laudatio for Prof. Dr Gerd Heppke. Liq Cryst Today. 2014;23(1):25–27.