Investigation of motorcyclist safety systems contributions to prevent cervical spine injuries using HUMOS model

References

• AAAM . 2004 . The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2004 - Update 2004 , IL : Des Plaines .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , P. and Montesano , P. 1988 . Morphology and treatment of occipital condyle fractures . Spine. , : 731 – 736 . doi: 10.1097/00007632-198807000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnoux , P.-j. , Thollon , L. , Kang , H. and Kayvantash , K. 2001 . “ The RADIOSS Human Model for Safety (HUMOS). Model presentation and guideline ” .
   Google Scholar
• Brolin , K. and Halldin , P. 2004 . Development of a finite element model of the upper cervical spine and a parameter study of ligament characteristics . Spine. , 29 ( 4 ) : 376 – 385 . doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000090820.99182.2D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla , A. , Mukherjee , S. , Mohan , D. and Jain , S. 2005 . Validation of the Cervical Spine Model in THUMS , New Delhi : Paper No: 05-2005, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Chinn , B. , Canaple , B. , Derler , S. , Doyle , D. , Otte , D. , Schuller , E. and Willinger , R. 2001 . COST 327 Motorcycle Safety Helmets
   Google Scholar
• Cornel , S. 2007 . Development Trends of Motorcycles , Vol. 3 , Berlin : expert-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Dreiangel , N. , Ben-Galim , P. and Lador , R. 2010 . Occipitocervical dissociative injuries: common in blunt trauma fatalities and better detected with objective computer tomography based measurements . Spine J. , 10 : 704 – 707 . doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ejima , S. , Ono , K. and Yamazaki , K. 2003 . Modification and validation of human neck model under direct head loading . JARI Res. J. , 25 ( 9 ) : 377 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• El-Rich , M. , Arnoux , P. J. , Wagnac , E. , Aubin , C. E. and Brunet , C. 2009 . Biomechanical study of the spinal load-sharing changes and loading rate effects under impact conditions using a detailed finite element model of L2-L3 . J. Biomech. , 42 : 1252 – 1262 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernique , L. , Machu , C. , Boyer , S. , Dran , F. , Décamme , C. , Eisinger , S. , Gonnet-Chaubet , M. , Lavieille , J.P. and Valmain , J. 2009 . La sécurité routière en France: Bilan de l’année 2009 , Observatoire national interminisériel de sécurité routière .
   Google Scholar
• Ha , S. 2006 . Finite element modeling of multi-level cervical spinal segments (C3–C6) and biomechanical analysis of an elastomer-type prosthetic disc . Med. Eng. Phys. , 28 ( 6 ) : 534 – 541 . doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2005.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horst , V. d.M.J. 2002 . Human Head Neck Response in Frontal, Lateral and Rear End Impact Loading – Modelling and Validation , Eindhoven : Technische, Universiteit Eindhoven .
   Google Scholar
• Kasantikul , V. , Ouellet , J. V. and Smith , T. A. 2003 . Head and neck injuries in fatal motorcycle collisions as determined by detailed autopsy . Traffic Inj. Prev. , 4 ( 3 ) : 255 – 262 . doi: 10.1080/15389580309878
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumaresan , S. , Yoganandan , N. , Pintar , F. , Maiman , D. and Kuppa , S. 2000 . Biomechanical study of pediatric human cervical spine: A finite element approach . J. Biomech. Eng. , 122 ( 1 ) : 60 – 71 . doi: 10.1115/1.429628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lencean , S. 2003 . Classification of spinal injuries based on the essential traumatic spinal mechanisms . Spinal Cord. , 41 : 385 – 396 . doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leucht , P. , Fischer , K. , Muhr , G. M. and Mueller , E. J. 2009 . Epidemiology of traumatic spine fractures . Injury. , 40 ( 2 ) : 166 – 172 . doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luan , F. , Yang , K. H. , Deng , B. , Begeman , P. C. , Tashman , S. and King , A. I. 2000 . Neck kinematics during a low-speed rearend impact . J. Clin. Biomech. , 15 : 649 – 657 . doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(00)00031-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , F. , Bourdet , N. , Deck , C. , Willinger , R. and Raul , J. 2004 . Human neck finite element model development and validation against original experimental data . Stapp Car. Crash. J. , 48 : 177 – 206 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mills , N. J. , Wilkes , S. , Derler , S. and Flisch , A. 2009 . FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet . Int. J. Impact Eng. , 36 : 913 – 925 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng , H.-W. , Teo , E.-C. , Lee , K.-K. and Qiu , T.-X. 2003 . Finite element analysis of cervical spinal instability under physiologic loading . J. Spinal Disord. Tech. , 16 ( 1 ) : 55 – 56 . doi: 10.1097/00024720-200302000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale , R. W. , McElhaney , J. , Richardson , W. , Best , T. and Myers , B. 1996 . Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine: Relating motion of the head and the mechanism of injury . J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. , 78 : 412 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi , M. , Cholewicki , J. , Nibu , K. , Grauer , J. , Babat , L. and Dvorak , J. 1998 . Mechanism of whiplash injury . Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). , 13 ( 4–5 ) : 239 – 249 . doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(98)00033-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi , M. , Ito , S. , Pearson , A. and Ivancic , P. 2004 . Injury mechanisms of the cervical intervertebral disc during simulated whiplash . Spine (Phila Pa 1976). , 29 ( 11 ) : 1217 – 1225 . doi: 10.1097/00007632-200406010-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi , M. , Pearson , A. , Ito , S. , Ivancic , P. and Wang , J. 2004 . Cervical spine curvature during simulated whiplash . Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). , 19 ( 1 ) : 1 – 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , M. , Otte , D. , Lehmann , U. , Chinn , B. , Schuller , E. , Doyle , D. , Sturrock , K. and Krettek , C. 2001 . Head injury mechanisms in helmet-protected motorcyclists: Prospective multicenter study . J. Trauma. , 51 ( 5 ) : 949 – 958 . doi: 10.1097/00005373-200111000-00021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robin , S. 2001 . HUMOS: Human Model for Safety - A Joint Effort Towards the Developement of Refined Human - Like Car Occupant Models , Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper Number 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , G. , Kallieris , D. and McIntosh , A. 1993 . Cervical spine trauma of restrained occupants in frontal collisions with and without head impact 238 – 242 . J. Traffic Med. Suppl., 21, 1
   Google Scholar
• Serre , T. , Masson , C. , Perrin , C. , Martin , J. , Moskal , A. and Llari , M. The motorcyclist impact against a light vehicle: Epidemiological, accidentological and biomechanic analysis . Accid. Anal. Prev. , accepted (2012), to appear in
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim , V. P.W. , Liu , J. F. and Lee , V. S. 2006 . A technique for dynamic tensile testing of human cervical spine ligaments . Exp. Mech. , 46 ( 1 ) : 77 – 89 . doi: 10.1007/s11340-006-5865-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , J. , Bertrand , P. , Kraenzler , R. and Arnoux , P.-j. 2009 . Spine virtual traumas under multiple impact situations . J. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. , 12 ( S1 ) : 237 – 239 . doi: 10.1080/10255840903094050
   Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , S. , Prasad , P. , Demetropoulos , C. K. , Tashman , S. , Begeman , P. C. , Yang , K. H. and King , A. I. 2004 . Effect of head-neck position on cervical facet stretch of post morten human subjects during low speed rear end impacts . Stapp. Car. Crash. J. , 48 : 331 – 372 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun , J. , Rojas , A. , Bertrand , P. , Petit , Y. , Kraenzler , R. and Arnoux , P. J. Investigation of motorcyclist cervical spine trauma using HUMOS model . preprint (2012), to appear in Traffic Inj. Prev.
   Google Scholar
• Teo , E. C. and Ng , H. W. 2001 . First cervical vertebra (atlas) fracture mechanism studies using finite element method . J. Biomech. , 34 ( 1 ) : 13 – 21 . doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00169-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinard , V. 2009 . Modélisation et optimisation du casque de motocycliste sur critères biomécaniques – Application au casque composite , Strasbourg , , France : Mécanique et environnement, Institut Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides .
   Google Scholar
• Tinard , V. , Deck , C. , Bourdet , N. and Willinger , R. 2011 . Motorcyclist helmet composite outer shell characterisation and modelling . Mater. Design. , 32 ( 5 ) : 3112 – 3119 . doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.12.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tropiano , P. , Thollon , L. , Arnoux , P. J. , Kayvantash , K. , Brunet , C. and Poitout , D. G. 2003 . Simulation d’un traumatisme du rachis cervical par impact postérieur (Whiplash) à l’aide du modèle HUMOS . e-mémoires de l’Académie Nationale de Chirurgie. , 2 ( 1 ) : 24 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Wagnac , E. 2011 . Expérimentation et modélisation détaillée de la colonne vertébrale pour étudier le rôle de facteurs anatomiques et biomécaniques sur les traumatismes rachidiens , Montréal , , Canada : Institut de génie biomédical, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal .
   Google Scholar
• Watier , B. 2006 . Comportement mécanique du rachis cervical: une revue de littérature Mechanical behaviour of cervical spine: literature update . ITBM-RBM. , 27 ( 3 ) : 92 – 106 . doi: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2006.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Wheeldon , J. A. , Stemper , B. D. , Yoganandan , N. and Pintar , F. A. 2008 . Validation of a finite element model of the young normal lower cervical spine . Ann. Biomed. Eng. , 36 ( 9 ) : 1458 – 1469 . doi: 10.1007/s10439-008-9534-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoganandan , N. , Haffner , M. , Maiman , D. J. , Nichols , H. , Pintar , F. A. , Jentzen , J. , Weinshel , S. S. , Larson , S. J. and Sances , A. 1990 . Epidemiology and injury biomechanics of motor vehicle related trauma to the human spine . Soc. Automtive Eng. Trans. , 98 ( 6 ) : 1790 – 1807 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan , N. , Kumaresan , S. and Pintar , F. 2000 . Geometric and mechanical properties of human cervical spine ligaments . J. Biomech. Eng. , 122 ( 6 ) : 623 – 629 . doi: 10.1115/1.1322034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar