Nutritional Predictors and Modulators of Insulin Resistance

References

• de Onis M, Blossner M, Villar J. Levels and patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52(Suppl. 1): 5–15.
   Google Scholar
• Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: WHO. WHO Technical Report Series, 916, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Study Group. Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: WHO, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Drewnowski A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 31–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJ, Hales CN, Fall CH et al. Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 62–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das UN. Metabolic syndrome is common in south Asians, but why and how. Nutrition 2002; 18: 774–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das UN. Obesity, metabolic syndrome X, and inflammation. Nutrition 2002; 18: 430–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Tomlinson B, Thomas N, Sharma R. Coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors: the South Asian paradox. J Nutr Environ Med 2001; 11: 43–51.
   Google Scholar
• Pella D, Thomas N, Tomlinson B, Singh RB. Prevention of coronary artery disease: the south Asian paradox. Lancet 2003; 361: 79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishtar S. Prevention of coronary heart disease in south Asia. Lancet 2002; 360: 1015–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Social class and coronary risk factors and undernutrition: a double burden of diseases among women in five Indian cities. Int J Cardiol 1999; 353: 154–65.
   Google Scholar
• Das UN. Nutritional deficiencies and the prevalence of syndrome X in south Asians. Nutrition 2002; 18: 282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwalla N, Torbay N, Andari N et al. Restoration of normal insulinemia and insulin sensitivity in hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic men by a hypoenergetic high monounsaturated fat diet. J Nutr Environ Med 2004; 1: 29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Simopoulos AP, Pavlow KN. Nutrition and Fitness: Diet, Genes, Physical Activity and Health. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nutrition and Fitness. Athens, May 2000. New York: Karger, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Das UN. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus a disorder of the brain? Nutrition 2002; 18: 667–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson R. The fetal origins of adult disease. Br Med J 2001; 322: 375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS. The role of TNF-alpha and TNF receptors in obesity and insulin resistance. J Intern Med 1999; 245: 621–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovinge S, Hamsten A, Tomvall P et al. Evidence for a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in disturbances of triglyceride and glucose metabolism predisposing to coronary heart disease. Metabolism 1998; 47: 113–17.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar SG, Das UN, Kumar KV, Tan BKH, Das NP. Effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on the proliferation and secretion of TNF and IL-2 by human lymphocytes in vitro. Nutr Res 1992; 12: 815–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endres S, Ghorbani R, Kelley VE et al. The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 265–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venters HD, Dantzer R, Kelly KW et al. A new concept in neurodegeneration: TNF-alpha is a silencer of survival signals. Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 175–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venters HD, Tang Q, Liu Q et al. A new mechanism of neurodegeneration: proinflammatory cytokines inhibit receptor signaling by a survival peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 9879–84.
   Google Scholar
• Lauritzen I, Blondeau N, Heueaux C et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are potent neuroprotectors. EMBO J 2000; 19: 1784–8.
   Google Scholar
• Axen KV, Li X, Fung K, Sclafani A. The VMH-dietary obese rat: a new model of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: R9210–15.
   Google Scholar
• Dube MG, Xu B, Kalra PS, Sninsky CA, Kalra SP. Disruption in neuropeptide Y and leptin signaling in obese ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned rats. Brain Res 1999; 816: 38–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube MG, Kalra PS, Crowlwy WR, Kalra SP. Evidence of a physiological role for neuropeptide Y in ventromedial hypothalamic lesion-induced hyperphagia. Brain Res 1995; 690: 275–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi A, Ishimaru H, Ikarashi Y, Maruyama Y. Aspects of hypothalamic neuronal systems in VMH lesion induced obese rats. J Auto Nerv Syst 1994; 48: 213–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohtani N, Ohta M, Sugano T. Microdialysis study of modification of hypothalamic neurotransmitters in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Neurochem 1997; 69: 1622–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Hiraoka H et al. Enhanced expression of rat obese (ob) gene in adipose tissues of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesioned rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 211: 469–73.
   Google Scholar
• Williams G, Gill JS, Lee YC et al. Increased neuropeptide Y concentrations in specific hypothalamic regions of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 1989; 38: 321–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katafuchi T, Okada E, Take S, Hori T. The biphasic changes in splenic natural killer cell activity following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats. Brain Res 1994; 652: 164–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori T, Katafuchi T, Take S, Shimizu N. Neuroimmunomodulatory actions of hypothalamic interferon-alpha. Neuroimmunomodulation 1998; 5: 172–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katafuchi T, Motomura K, Baba S, Ota K, Hori T. Differential effects of tumor necrosis factor- alpha and -beta on rat ventromedial hypothalamus neurons in vitro. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: R1966–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruning JC, Gautam D, Burks DJ et al. Role of brain insulin receptor in control of body weight and reproduction. Science 2000; 289: 2122–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Q, Xiong ZG, Man HY et al. Recruitment of functional GABAa receptors to postsynaptic domains by insulin. Nature 1997; 388: 686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JM, Lesniak MA, Pert CB, Roth J. Autoradiographic localization of insulin receptors in prominence in olfactory and limbic areas. Neuroscience 1986; 17: 1127–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abott MA, Wells DG, Fallon JR. The insulin receptor tyrokinase substrate p58/53 and the insulin receptor components of CNS synapses. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 7300–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahu A, Dube MG, Phelps CP et al. Insulin and insulin like growth factor II suppress neuropeptide Y release from the nerve terminals in the paraventricular nucleus: a putative hypothalamic site for energy homeostasis. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 5718–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajnal A, Pothos EN, Lenard L, Hoebel BG. Effects of feeding and insulin on extracellular acetylcholine in the amygdala of freely moving rats. Brain Res 1998; 785: 41–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dourmap N, Clero E, Costentin J. Involvement of cholinergic neurons in the release of dopamine elicited by stimulation mu-opioid receptors in striatum. Brain Res 1997; 749: 295–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang GJ, Volkov ND, Logan J et al. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet 2001; 357: 354–7.
   Google Scholar
• Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M et al. Vagal nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2000; 405: 458–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem N Jr, Wegher B, Mena P, Uauy R. Arachidonic and docosahaexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquharson J, Jamieson EC, Abbasi KA et al. Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of infant cerebral cortex. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 198–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu N, Martin JL, Stella N, Magistratti PJ. Arachidonic acid stimulates glucose uptake in cerebral cortical astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 4042–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. Prog Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 4693–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minami M, Kimura S, Endo T et al. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid increases cerebral acetylcholine levels and improves passive avoidance-performance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 58: 1123–8.
   Google Scholar
• Hersi AI, Kitaichi K, Srivastav LK, Gaudreau P, Quirion R. Dopamine D-5 receptor modulates hippocampal acetylcholine release. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 76: 336–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das UN. Possible beneficial actions of glucose, insulin-potassium regimen in acute myocardial infarction and inflammatory conditions: a hypothesis. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 1081–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuboki K, Jiang ZY, Takahara N et al. Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells in vitro: a specific vascular action of insulin. Circulation 2000; 101: 676–80.
   Google Scholar
• Satomi N, Sakurai A, Haranaki K. Relationship of hypoglycemia to tumor necrosis factor production and antitumor activity: role of glucose, insulin and macrophages. J Natl Can Inst 1985; 74: 1255–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boichot E, Sannomia P, Escofier N et al. Endotoxin induced acute lung injury in rats: role of insulin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1999; 12: 285–9.
   Google Scholar
• Guidot DM, Hybertson BM, Kitlowski RP, Repine JE. Inhaled nitric oxide prevents IL-1 induced neutrophil accumulation and associated acute edema in isolated rat lungs. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: L225–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Sara VR, Norberg A. Insulin like growth factor-1 stimulates the release of acetylcholine from rat cortical slices. Neurosci Lett 1988; 88: 221–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Tong Ceisenach JC. Acetylcholine stimulates the release of nitric oxide from rat spinal cord. Anaesthesiology 1996; 85: 107–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borkman M, Stolien LH, Pan DA et al. The relation between insulin sensitivity and the fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle phospholipids. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 238–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somova L, Moodley K, Channa ML, Nadar A. Dose dependent effect of dietary fish oil (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids on in vivo insulin sensitivity in rat. Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21: 275–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang YJ, Fang VS, Chou YC, Kwok CF, Ho LT. Amelioration of insulin resistance and hypertension in a fructose-rat model with fish oil supplementation. Metabolism 1997; 46: 1252–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori Y, Murakawa Y, Katoh S et al. Influence of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on insulin resistance in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat; a model of spontaneous non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1997; 46: 1458–63.
   Google Scholar
• Nobukata H, Ishikawa T, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Longterm administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester prevents diabetes and abnormalities of blood coagulation in male WBN/kob rats. Metabolism 2000; 49: 912–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravelli AC, van der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Bleker OP. Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure and obesity. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82: 248–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baur LA, O’Conner J, Pan DA, Kriketos AD, Storlien LH. The fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipid: its relationship with the type of feeding and plasma glucose levels in young children. Metabolism 1998; 47: 106–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Rastogi V, Niaz MA et al. Blood pressure trends, plasma insulin levels, and risk factors in rural and urban elderly populations of North India. Coron Art Dis 1997; 8: 463–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatanagar D, Anand IS, Durrington PN, Patel DJ et al. Coronary risk factors in people from Indian subcontinent living in west London and their siblings in India. Lancet 1995; 345: 405–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas GN, Tomlinson B, Chan JCN, Lee ZSK, Cockram CS, Critchley JAJH. An insulin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with diastolic blood pressure in Chinese subjects with components of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Hyperten 2000; 13: 745–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tettitt DJ, Foreman MR, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Bennett PH. Longterm effects of intrauterine environment, birth weight and breast feeding in Pima Indians. Diab Care 1998; 21(Suppl. 2): 138–42.
   Google Scholar
• Pettitt DJ, Forman MR, Hansen RL, Knowler WC, Bennet PH. Breast feeding and incidence of non-insulin diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Lancet 1997; 350: 166–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelikonova T, Kohout M, Valek J, Base J, Kazdova. Insulin secretion and insulin action related to serum phospholipid fatty acid pattern in healthy men. Metabolism 1989; 38: 188–92.
   Google Scholar
• Clifton PM, Nestel PJ. Relationship between plasma insulin and erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Prost Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1998; 59: 912–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivellese AA, Maffetone A, Lovine C et al. Longterm effects of fish oil on insulin resistance and plasma lipoproteins in NIDDM patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Diab Care 1996; 19: 1207–12.
   Google Scholar
• Singhal A, Cole TJ, Lucas A. Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure: two cohorts after randomized trials. Lancet 2001; 357: 413–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das UN. Can perinatal supplementation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent hypertension in adult life? Hypertension 2002; 38: 16–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish and fibre intakes on death and myocardial infarction: Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART). Lancet 1989; ii: 757–61.
   Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Gal D, Niaz MA et al. The effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients: the Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study. Lancet 2002; 360: 1455–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GISSI Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 447–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson SE, Rhodes PG, Ferguson MG. DHA status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk and formula. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 44: 798–803.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunnane SC, Francescutti V, Brenna T, Crawford MA. Breast-fed infants achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body docosahexaenoic acid accumulation than formula-fed infants not consuming dietary dicosahexaenoate. Lipids 2000; 35: 105–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochm G, Borte M, Bohles HJ et al. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid content of serum and red cell membrane phospholipids of preterm infants fed breast milk, standard formula or formula supplemented with n-3 and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Pediatr 1996; 155: 410–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattson MP, Camandola S. NF-kB in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. J Clin Invest 2001; 107: 247–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisinger HS, Armitage JA, Sinclair AJ et al. Perinatal omega-3 deficiency affects blood pressure in later life. Nat Med 2001; 7: 258–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherezenmeir J, Jagla A. Milk and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19: 176–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fall CHD, Barker DJP, Osmond C et al. Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease. Br Med J 1992; 304: 801–5.
   Google Scholar
• Wijendran V, Bendel RB, Couch SC et al. Fetal erythrocyte phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Lipids 2000; 35: 927–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisschop PH, de Metz J, Ackermans MT et al. Substituting dietary fat content alters insulin- mediated glucose metabolism in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 554–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K et al. Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: the KANWU study. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 312–16.
   Google Scholar
• Hu FB, van Dam RM, Liu S. Diet and risk of type 2 diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 805–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmeron J, Hu FB, Manson JE et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 1019–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GCS, Pell JP, Walsh D. Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births. Lancet 2001; 357: 2002–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubinett A, Cnattingius S, Ekborn A et al. Birth weight, early environment, and genetics, a study of twins discordant for acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2001; 357: 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Poulter NR. Birth weights, maternal cardiovascular events and Barker’s hypothesis. Lancet 2001; 357: 1990–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozanne SE, Martensz ND, Petry CJ, Loizou CL, Hales CN. Maternal low protein diet in rats programs fatty acid desaturase activity in the offspring. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 1337–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado MD, Villalpando S, Elizondo A et al. Contribution of dietary and newly formed arachidonic acid to human milk lipids in women eating a low fat diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 242–6.
   Google Scholar
• Koletzo B, Agostoni C, Carlson SE et al. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and perinatal development. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90: 460–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barinaga M. No new neurons dogma loses ground. Science 1998; 279: 2041–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth JS, Willats P, Agostoni C, Bissenden J, Casaer P, Boechm G. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow up of a randomized, controlled trial. Br Med J 2003; 326: 953–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 2003; 421: 384–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan M, McInerney D, Owens D et al. Diabetes and the Mediterranean diet: a beneficial effect of oleic acid on insulin sensitivity, adipocyte glucose transport and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity. Q J Med 2000; 2: 85–91.
   Google Scholar
• Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome: the optimal diet. Br J Nutr 2000; 83(Suppl. 1): S143–8.
   Google Scholar
• Lovejoy JC, Smith SR, Champagne CM et al. Effects of diets enriched in saturated (palmitic), monounsaturated (oleic), or trans (elaidic) fatty acids on insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation in healthy adults. Diabet Care 2002; 8: 1283–8.
   Google Scholar
• Soriguer F, Esteva I, Rojo-Martinez G et al. Oleic acid from cooking oils is associated with lower insulin resistance in the general population (Pizarra study). Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150: 33–9.
   Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Abate N, Chandalia M. Diet composition and the metabolic syndrome: what is the optimal fat intake?. Am J Med 2002; 113(Suppl. 9B): 25S–9S.
   Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH et al. The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes 2003; 52: 2346–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MD, Sheu WH. Plasma status of selected minerals in hypertensive men with and without insulin resistance. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2001; 14: 228–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS et al. Current zinc intake and risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and factors associated with insulin resistance in rural urban populations of North India. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17: 564–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Pella D, Neki NS, Mestutake G, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS. Mechanism of acute myocardial infarction study. Bio Med Pharmacother J 2004; 57 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Vaidya AB, Bhatt MA. Chronobiology of ischaemic heart disease events: relevance of ancient insights in human lifestyle. J Assoc Phys India 1999; 47: 629–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta SR, Das S, Karloopia SD, Mathur P, Dham SK, Raghunathan D. The circadian pattern of ischaemic heart disease in Indian population. J Assoc Phys India 1998; 46: 767–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, Chisholm DJ et al. Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats: relationship to muscle triglyceride and –3 fatty acids in muscle phospholipid. Diabetes 1991; 40: 280–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halberg F, Cornelissen G, Halberg J et al. Circadian Hyper-Amplitude-Tension, CHAT: a disease risk syndrome of anti aging medicine. JAAM 1998; 1: 239–59.
   Google Scholar