20
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Is multiple chemical sensitivity a learned response? A critical evaluation of provocation studies

&
Pages 195-211 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

References

  • Das‐Munshi J., Rubin G. J., Wessely S. Multiple chemical sensitivities: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118: 1257–64
  • Dalton P. Cognitive influences on health symptoms from acute chemical exposure. Health Psychol 1999; 18: 579–90
  • Fiedler N., Kelly‐McNeil K., Mohr S., Lehrer P., Opiekun R. E., Lee C., Wainman T., Hamer R., Weisel C., Edelberg R., Lioy P. J. Controlled human exposure to methyl tertiary butyl ether in gasoline: symptoms, psychophysiologic and neurobehavioral responses of self reported sensitive persons. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108: 753–63
  • Devriese S., Winters W., Stegen K., Van Diest I., Veulemans H., Nemery B., Eelen P., Van de Woestijne K., Van den Bergh O. Generalization of acquired somatic symptoms in response to odors: a Pavlovian perspective on multiple chemical sensitivity. Psychosom Med 2000; 62: 751–9
  • Van den Bergh O., Stegen K., Van de Woestijne K. P. Learning to have psychosomatic complaints: conditioning of respiratory behavior and somatic complaints in psychosomatic patients. Psychosom Med 1997; 59: 13–23
  • Smith S., Sullivan K. Examining the influence of biological and psychological factors on cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. Int J Behav Med 2003; 10: 162–73
  • Ciccone D. S., Natelson B. H. Comorbid illness in women with chronic fatigue syndrome: a test of the single syndrome hypothesis. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 268–75
  • Aaron L. A., Buchwald D. A review of the evidence for overlap among unexplained clinical conditions. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 868–81
  • Goudsmit E., Howes S. Pacing: a strategy to improve energy management in chronic fatigue syndrome. Health Psychol Update 2008; 17: 47–52
  • Staudenmayer H., Selner J. C., Buhr M. P. Double‐blind provocation chamber challenges in 20 patients presenting with ‘multiple chemical sensitivity’. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1993; 18: 44–53
  • Georgellis A., Lindelöf B., Lundin A., Arnetz B., Hillert L. Multiple chemical sensitivity in male painters: a controlled provocation study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2003; 206: 531–8
  • Various. Multiple chemical sensitivity: a 1999 consensus. Arch Env Health 1999; 54: 147–9
  • Graveling R. A., Pilkington A., George J. P. K., Butler M. P., Tannahill S. N. A review of multiple chemical sensitivity. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56: 73–85
  • Millqvist E., Löwhagen O. Placebo‐controlled challenges with perfume in patients with asthma‐like symptoms. Allergy 1996; 51: 434–9
  • Millqvist E., Bengtsson U., Löwhagen O. Provocations with perfume in the eyes induce airway symptoms in patients with sensory hyperreactivity. Allergy 1999; 54: 495–9
  • Joffres M. R., Sampalli T., Fox R. A. Physiologic and symptomatic responses to low‐level substances in individuals with and without chemical sensitivities: a randomized controlled blinded pilot booth study. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113: 1178–83
  • Rea W. J. Environmentally triggered thrombophlebitis. Ann Allergy 1976; 37: 101–9
  • Rea W. J., Ross G. H., Johnson A. R., Smiley R. E., Fenyes E. J. Chemical sensitivity in physicians. Bol Asoc Med P R 1991; 83: 383–8
  • Rea W. J., Ross G. H., Johnson A. R., Smilley R. E., Sprague D. E., Fenyves E. J., Samadi N. Confirmation of chemical sensitivity by means of double blind inhalant challenge of toxic volatile chemicals. Clin Ecol 1989; VI: 389–93
  • Hummel T., Roscher S., Jaumann M. P., Kobal G. Intranasal chemoreception in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities: a double‐blind investigation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1996; 24: s79–86
  • Bell I. R., Kline J. P., Schwartz G. E., Peterson J. M. Quantitative EEG patterns during nose versus mouth inhalation of filtered room air in young adults with and without self‐reported chemical odor intolerances. Int J Psychophysiol 1998; 28: 23–35
  • Bornschein S., Hausteiner C., Römmelt H., Foerstl H., Nowak D., Zilker T. Double‐blind chemical exposure experiment in patients with MCS [abstract]. Clin Toxicol 2005; 43: 436
  • Mølhave L., Bach B., Pedersen O. F. Human reactions to low concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Environ Int 1986; 12: 167–75
  • Österberg K., Ørbaek P., Karlson B., Åkesson B., Bergendorf U. Annoyance and performance during the experimental chemical challenge of subjects with multiple chemical sensitivity. Scand J Work Environ Health 2003; 29: 40–50
  • Iregren A. Subjective and objective signs of organic solvent toxicity among occupationally exposed workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986; 12: 469–75
  • Bell I. R., Szarek M. J., Dicenso D. R., Baldwin C. M., Schwartz G. E., Bootzin R. R. Patterns of waking EEG spectral power in chemically intolerant individuals during repeated chemical exposures. Int J Neursci 1999; 97: 41–59
  • Black D. W., Okiishi C., Schlosser S. A nine‐year follow‐up of people diagnosed with multiple chemical sensitivities. Psychosomatics 2000; 41: 253–61
  • Van den Bergh O., Devriese S., Winters W., Veulemans H., Nemery B., Eelen P., Van de Woestijne K. P. Acquiring symptoms in response to odors: a learning perspective on multiple chemical sensitivity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 933: 278–90
  • Stegen K., Neujens A., Crombez G., Hermans D., Van de Woestijne K. P., Van den Bergh O. Negative affect, respiratory reactivity, and somatic complaints in a CO2 enriched air inhalation paradigm. Biol Psychol 1998; 49: 109–22
  • Simon G. E., Katon W. J., Sparks P. J. Allergic to life: psychological factors in environmental illness. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 901–6
  • Fiedler N., Kipen H. M., DeLuca J., Kelly‐McNeil K., Natelson B. A controlled comparison of multiple chemical sensitivities and chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med 1996; 58: 38–49
  • Saito M., Kumano H., Yoshiuchi K., Kokobu N., Ohashi K., Yamamoto Y., Shinohara N., Yanagisawa Y., Sakabe K., Miyata M., Ishikawa S., Kuboki T. Symptoms profile of multiple chemical sensitivity in actual life. Psychosom Med 2005; 67: 318–325
  • Davidoff A. L., Fogarty L. Psychogenic origins of multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome: a critical review of the research literature. Arch Environ Health 1994; 49: 316–25
  • Lazarus R. S. Coping theory and research: past, present and future. Psychosom Med 1993; 55: 234–47

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.