- Schwarz KB, Cox J, Shanna S, et al. Cigarette smoking is pro-oxidant in pregnant women regardless of antioxidant nutrient intake. J Nutr Environ Med 1995; 5: 225-34.
- Kazui M, Andreoni KA, Norris EJ, et al. Breath ethane: a specific indicator of free-radical-mediated lipoperoxidation process in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 13: 509-15.
- Holman RT, Johnson SB, Ogburn PL. Deficiency of essential fatty acids and membrane fluidity during pregnancy and lactation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 4835-9.
- Holman RT. Omega 3 and Omega 6 essential fatty acid status in human health and disease. In: Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI, eds. Fatty Acids: Biochemistry and Behavior. Totawa, NJ: Humana Press, Nov. 1997.
- Cabre E, Periago JL, Mingorance MD, et al. Factors related to the plasma fatty acid profile in healthy subjects, with special reference to antioxidant micronutrient status: a multivariate analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 831-7.
- Fox NL, Sexton M, Hebel JR, Thompson B. The reliability of self-reports of smoking and alcohol consumption by pregnant women. Addict Behav 1989; 12: 187-95.
- Holman RT, Bibus DM, Jeffrey GH, et al. Abnormal plasma lipids of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Lipids 1994; 29: 61-5.
- Holman RT. A long scaly tale--The study of essential fatty acid deficiency at the University of Minnesota. In: Sinclair A, Gibson R, eds, Essential fatty acids and eicosanoids. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists' Society, 1993; 3-17.
- Holman RT, Johnson SB, Kokmen E. Deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids and replacement by nonessential fatty acids in plasma lipids in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 4720-4.
- Block G, Harman AM, Dresser CM, et al. A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 453-69.
- Driskell WJ, Neese JW, Bryant CC, Basher MM. Measurement of vitamin A and vitamin E in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatog 1982; 231: 439-44.
- Buzzard IM, McRoberts MR, Driscoll DL, Bowering J. Effect of dietary eggs and ascorbic acid on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 94-105.
- Roels OA, Trout M. A method for determination of carotene and vitamin A in human blood serum. Am J Clin Nutr 1959; 7: 197-202.
- Alflhan G, Kumpulainen H. Determination of selenium in small volumes of blood plasma and serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anal Chem Acta 1982; 140: 221-7.
- Smith JC, Butrimovitz GP. Direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 1979; 25; 1487-91.
- Manser J, Crawford CS, Tyrala EE, Brodsky NL, Grover WD. Serum copper concentrations in sick and well preterm infants. J Pediatr 1980; 97: 795-9.
- Kirchgessner M, Schwarz FJ, Roth-Maier DA. Changes in the metabolism (retention, absorption, excretion) of copper, zinc, and manganese in gravidity. In: McChowell J, Hawthoren JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Austr Acad Sci 1981; 85-8.
- Sokol RJ, Heubi JE, Iannaccone S, et al. Vitamin E deficiency with normal serum vitamin E concentrations in children with chronic cholestasis. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1209-12.
- Paulsrud, JR, Penster L, Whitten CF, et al. Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 1972; 25: 897-904.
- Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Bongiorno A, et al. Contribution of vitamin A to the oxidation resistance of human low density lipoproteins. Free Radic Biol Med 1995; 18: 401-9.
- Rothman KT, Moore LL, Singer MR, et al. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1369-73.
- Oakley GP, Erickson JD. Vitamin A and birth defects. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1414-5.
- Crawford MA, Hassam AG, Stevens PA. Essential fatty acid requirements in pregnancy and lactation with special reference to brain development. Prog Lipid Res 1981; 20: 31-40.
- Conner WE, Lowensohn R, Hatcher L. Increased docosahexaneoic acid levels in human newborn infants by administration of sardines and fish oil during pregnancy. Lipids 1996; 31: 182-7.
Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine
Volume 8, 1998 - Issue 4