Effectiveness of job crafting interventions: a meta-analysis and utility analysis

References

• Arthur, W., Bennett, W., Edens, P. S., & Bell, S. T. (2003). Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 234–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur, W., Kyte, T., Villado, A., Morgan, C., & Roop, S. (2011). Introducing a subject matter expert-based utility analysis approach to assessing the utility of organizational interventions such as crew resource management training. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 21, 191–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands-resources theory. In P. Y. Chen & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Work and wellbeing: Wellbeing: A complete reference guide (Volume III; pp. 37–64). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands−resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309–328.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Ten Brummelhuis, L. L. (2012). Work engagement, performance, and active learning: The role of conscientiousness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 555–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 274–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., & Sanz Vergel, A. I. (2016). Modelling job crafting behaviours: Implications for work engagement. Human Relations, 69, 169–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65, 1359–1378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., van Veldhoven, M., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2010). Beyond the Demand-Control model: Thriving on high job demands and resources. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9, 3–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). A Cross-cultural Analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 143–149. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000020
   Google Scholar
• Barrick, M. R., Day, D. V., Lord, R. G., & Alexander, R. A. (1991). Assessing the utility of executive leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 2, 9–22.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A., & Baker, W. E. (2010). Job crafting exercise. Ann Arbor, MI: Regents of the University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.jobcrafting.org
   Google Scholar
• Berg, J. M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 158–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Higgins, J., Hedges, L. V., & Rothstein, H. R. (2017). Basics of meta‐analysis: I2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Research Synthesis Methods, 8, 5–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau, J. W. (1991). Utility analysis for decisions in human resource management. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 621–745). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boudreau, J. W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2002). Strategic I/O psychology and the role of utility analysis models (CAHRS Working Paper #02-16). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cahrswp/57
   Google Scholar
• Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., & Ravaud, F. (2008). Methods and processes of the CONSORT group: Example of an extension for trials assessing nonpharmacologic treatments. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148, W–66. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera, E. F., & Raju, N. S. (2001). Utility analysis: Current trends and future directions. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 92–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascio, W. F., & Boudreau, J. W. (2011). Investing in people: Financial impact of human resource initiatives. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-Y., Yen, C.-H., & Tsai, F. C. (2014). Job crafting and job engagement: The mediating role of person-job fit. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 21–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64, 89–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences second edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• *Costantini, A., Demerouti, E., Ceschi, A., & Sartori, R. (2018, September). A job crafting intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour. Effects on cognitions, behaviour and work engagement. Paper presented at the 13th European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology Conference, Lisbon, PT. Abstract retrieved from: https://app.oxfordabstracts.com/stages/211/programme-builder/submission/45865?backHref=/events/199/programme-builder/view/sort/author&view=published
   Google Scholar
• Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26, 435–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, K., Gedikli, C., Watson, D., Semkina, A., & Vaughn, O. (2017). Job design, employment practices and well-being: A systematic review of intervention studies. Ergonomics, 60, 1177–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, D., & Sava, F. A. (2015). Designs for studying mediation. In R. Cautin & S. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp516
   Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19, 237–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., Bakker, A., & Gevers, J. J. (2015). Job crafting and extra-role behavior: The role of work engagement and flourishing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 87–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Demerouti, E., Xanthopoulou, D., Petrou, P., & Karagkounis, C. (2017). Does job crafting assist dealing with organizational changes due to austerity measures? Two studies among Greek employees. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 574–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierdorff, E. C., & Aguinis, H. (2018). Expanding job crafting theory beyond the worker and the job. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 16, 225–247.
   Google Scholar
• *Dubbelt, L. (2016). Women to the top: Discovering facilitating factors for women’s functioning in minority positions (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/15655949
   Google Scholar
• Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315, 629–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Prasad, J. (2018). Transfer of training: The known and the unknown. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 201–225.
   Google Scholar
• *Gordon, H. J., Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Bipp, T., & Verhagen, M. A. M. T. (2018). Individual job redesign: Job crafting interventions in healthcare. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 98–114. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, S. A., & Svyantec, D. J. (1999). Person-organization fit and contextual performance. Do Shared Values Matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 254–275. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1998.1682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, H. J., Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., & Bipp, T. (2015). Job crafting and performance of Dutch and American health care professionals. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14, 192–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A. M., & Parker, S. K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. The Academy of Management Annals, 3, 317–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 327–347. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwet, K. L. (2012). Handbook of inter-rater reliability (Third edition). Gaithersburg: Advanced Analytics, LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2005). How dentists cope with their job demands and stay engaged: The moderating role of job resources. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 113, 479–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22, 242–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harju, L. K., Hakanen, J. J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2016). Can job crafting reduce job boredom and increase work engagement? A three-year cross-lagged panel study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 11–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazer, J. T., & Highhouse, S. (1997). Factors influencing managers’ reactions to utility analysis: Effects of SDy method, information frame, and focal intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 104–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis 1st Edition. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hempel, S., Suttorp, M. J., Miles, J. N., Wang, Z., Maglione, M., Morton, S., … Shekelle, P. G. (2011). Empirical evidence of associations between trial quality and effect size (Research Report No. 11-EHC045-EF). the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US): Retrieved fromhttps://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/trial-quality-effect-evidence_research.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (vol. 4). West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Highhouse, S. (1996). The utility estimate as a communication device: Practical questions and research directions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 11, 85–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practice and theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14, 75–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Holman, D., & Axtell, C. (2016). Can job redesign interventions influence a broad range of employee outcomes by changing multiple job characteristics? A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21, 284–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornung, S., Rousseau, D. M., Glaser, J., Angerer, P., & Weigl, M. (2010). Beyond top-down and bottom-up work redesign: Customizing job content through idiosyncratic deals. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 187–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L., & Judiesch, M. K. (1990). Individual differences in output variability as a function of job complexity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 28–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, C., Patterson, M., & Dawson, J. (2017). Building work engagement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the effectiveness of work engagement interventions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 792–812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kooij, D. T., van Woerkom, M., Wilkenloh, J., Dorenbosch, L., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2017). Job crafting towards strengths and interests: The effects of a job crafting intervention on person-job fit and the role of age. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102, 971–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kooij, D. T., van Woerkom, M., & Kuijpers, E. (2018, September). Two job crafting intervention studies: Increasing person-job fit and work engagement of aging and busy employees. Paper presented at the 13th European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology Conference, Lisbon, PT. Abstract retrieved from https://app.oxfordabstracts.com/stages/211/programme-builder/submission/44950?backHref=/stages/211/symposium/393/programme
   Google Scholar
• Le Blanc, P. M., Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). How can I shape my job to suit me better? Job crafting for sustainable employees and organizations. In N. Chmiel, F. Fraccaroli, & M. Sverke (Eds.), An introduction to work and organizational psychology: An International perspective (pp. 48–63). Hoboken, NJ:  John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119168058.ch3
   Google Scholar
• LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, C.-Q., Wang, H.-J., Lu, J.-J., Du, D.-Y., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does work engagement increase person-job fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 142–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, P. (2008). The crafting of jobs and individual differences. Journal of Business Psychology, 23, 25–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macan, T. H., & Foster, J. (2004). Manager’s reactions to utility analysis and perceptions of what influences their decisions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19, 241–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maricuţoiu, L. P., Sava, F. A., & Butta, O. (2016). The effectiveness of controlled interventions on employees’ burnout: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89, 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metselaar, E. E. (1997). Assessing the willingness to change: Construction and validation of the DINAMO. NL: Free University of Amsterdam ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
   Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151, 264–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, S. B. (2008). Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 364–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, K., & Abildgaard, J. S. (2012). The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers. Work & Stress, 26, 365–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea, D., Lynch, L., Molina, A., & Cullinane, S. J. (2016). The impact of a relational job crafting intervention on trust and prosocial behaviours: A randomised controlled trial. [Word document]. Retrieved from http://programme.exordo.com/fint2016/delegates/presentation/14/
   Google Scholar
• Oldham, G. R., & Fried, Y. (2016). Job design research and theory: Past, present and future. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 20–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36, 827–856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, S. K., Morgeson, F. P., & Johns, G. (2017). One hundred years of work design research: Looking back and looking forward. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102, 403–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, M. C. W., Arts, R., & Demerouti, E. (2016). The crossover of job crafting between coworkers and its relationship with adaptivity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25, 819–832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 1020–1141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513–563.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauschenberger, J. M., & Schmidt, F. L. (1987). Measuring the economic impact of human resource programs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2, 50–59.
   Google Scholar
• Roth, P. L., Bobko, P., & Mabon, H. (2002). Utility analysis: A review and analysis at the turn of the century. In N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinangil, & C. Viswesvaran (Eds.), Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology, Volume 1: Personnel psychology. (pp. 383–384). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakuraya, A., Shimazu, A., Imamura, K., Namba, K., & Kawakami, N. (2016). Effects of a job crafting intervention program on work engagement among Japanese employees: A pretest-posttest study. BMC Psychology, 4, 49–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: Journal of Happiness Studies 3, 71–92.
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a brief questionnaire: a cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701–16. doi: 10.1177/0013164405282471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, F. L. (2013). The economic value of goal setting to employers. In E. A. Locke & G. P. Latham (Eds.), New developments in goal and task performance (pp. 16–20). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., Outerbridge, A. N., & Trattner, M. H. (1986). The economic impact of job selection methods on size, productivity, and payroll costs of the federal work force: An empirically based demonstration. Personnel Psychology, 39, 1–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., … Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349, g7647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqi, M. A. (2015). Work engagement and job crafting of service employees influencing customer outcomes. Vikalpa, 40, 277–292.
   Google Scholar
• Slemp, G., Kern, M., & Baker, R. (2017). An empirical evaluation of a job crafting intervention: Recommendations for future research. In J. Plomp, M. Tims, & S. Parker (Chairs), (eds.), Crafting job crafting research: Taking context into account. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017. doi: 10.5465/ambpp.2017.15373symposium
   Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and organizational performance: A relational perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50, 558–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). The development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 173–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2015a). Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24, 914–928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2015b). Examining job crafting from an interpersonal perspective: Is employee job crafting related to the Well‐Being of colleagues? Applied Psychology, 64, 727–753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group and Organization Management, 38, 427–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job crafting and its relationships with person-job fit and meaningfulness: A three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 44–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., & Peeters, M. (2015). The job crafting intervention: Effects on job resources, self-efficacy, and affective well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88, 511–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanbelle, E. (2016). Job crafting: An overarching approach (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: https://elsvanbelle.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/druk_els-vanbelle-_-phd_job-crafting-an-overarching-approach-final-p2912.pdf
   Google Scholar
• *Verelst, L., de Cooman, R., van Laar, C., & Meussen, L. (2018, September). The work-home interface: Lowering conflict and fostering enrichment via a job crafting micro-intervention. Paper presented at the 13th European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology Conference, Lisbon, PT. Abstract retrieved from https://app.oxfordabstracts.com/stages/211/programme-builder/submission/45865?backHref=/events/199/programme-builder/view/sort/author&view=published
   Google Scholar
• Vogt, K., Hakanen, J. J., Brauchli, R., Jenny, G. J., & Bauer, G. F. (2016). The consequences of job crafting: A three-wave study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25, 353–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mersbergen, J. (2012). The test and evaluation of a job crafting intervention in healthcare (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/47045798
   Google Scholar
• *Van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2016). A test of a job demands-resources intervention. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31, 686–701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Van Wingerden, J., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). The impact of personal resources and job crafting interventions on work engagement and performance. Human Resource Management, 56, 51–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2017a). The longitudinal impact of a job crafting intervention. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 107–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2017b). Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 164–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. J, & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors or organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal Oo Management, 17, 601–617. doi: 10.1177/014920639101700305
   Google Scholar
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26, 179–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2008). Working in the sky: a diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13, 345–356. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar