2,024
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Daily receiving and providing of social support at work: identifying support exchange patterns in hierarchical data

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 489-505 | Received 15 Jul 2021, Accepted 02 Feb 2023, Published online: 14 Feb 2023

References

  • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2008). Multilevel mixture models. In G. R. Hancock & K. M. Samuelsen (Eds.), Advances in latent variable mixture models (pp. 27–51). Information Age Publishing.
  • Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x
  • Baeriswyl, S., Krause, A., Elfering, A., & Berset, M. (2017). How workload and coworker support relate to emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of sickness presenteeism. International Journal of Stress Management, 24(Suppl 1), 52–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000018
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Beehr, T. A., Bowling, N. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2010). Occupational stress and failures of social support: When helping hurts. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018234
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
  • Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.740
  • Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., Johnson, A. L., Semmer, N. K., Hendricks, E. A., & Webster, H. A. (2004). Explaining potential antecedents of workplace social support: Reciprocity or attractiveness? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9(4), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.9.4.339
  • Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., & Swader, W. M. (2005). Giving and receiving social support at work: The roles of personality and reciprocity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 476–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.004
  • Buunk, B. P., Doosje, B. J., Jans, L. G. J. M., & Hopstaken, L. E. M. (1993). Perceived reciprocity, social support, and stress at work: The role of exchange and communal orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.801
  • Casper, A., Tremmel, S., & Sonnentag, S. (2019). Patterns of positive and negative work reflection during leisure time: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000142
  • Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1993). The difference between communal and exchange relationships: What it is and is not. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(6), 684–691. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293196003
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002
  • Fernet, C., Austin, S., Trépanier, S. G., & Dussault, M. (2013). How do job characteristics contribute to burnout? Exploring the distinct mediating roles of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.632161
  • Gabriel, A. S., Koopman, J., Rosen, C. C., & Johnson, R. E. (2018). Helping others or helping oneself? An episodic examination of the behavioral consequences of helping at work. Personnel Psychology, 71(1), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12229
  • Gabriel, A. S., Podsakoff, N. P., Beal, D. J., Scott, B. A., Sonnentag, S., Trougakos, J. P., & Butts, M. M. (2019). Experience sampling methods: A discussion of critical trends and considerations for scholarly advancement. Organizational Research Methods, 22(4), 969–1006. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428118802626
  • Gagné, M., Chemolli, E., Forest, J., & Koestner, R. (2008). A temporal analysis of the relation between organisational commitment and work motivation. Psychologica Belgica, 48(2–3), 219. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-48-2-3-219
  • Gillet, N., Gagné, M., Sauvagère, S., & Fouquereau, E. (2013). The role of supervisor autonomy support, organizational support, and autonomous and controlled motivation in predicting employees’ satisfaction and turnover intentions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(4), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.665228
  • Golden, T. D., & Gajendran, R. S. (2019). Unpacking the role of a telecommuter’s job in their performance: Examining job complexity, problem solving, interdependence, and social support. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(1), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9530-4
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
  • Grommisch, G., Koval, P., Hinton, J. D. X., Gleeson, J., Hollenstein, T., Kuppens, P., & Lischetzke, T. (2020). Modeling individual differences in emotion regulation repertoire in daily life with multilevel latent profile analysis. Emotion, 20(8), 1462–1474. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000669
  • Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1134–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1134
  • Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J. -P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR”: Understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334–1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130
  • Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2011). I owe you one: Coworker reciprocity as a moderator of the day-level exhaustion-performance relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(4), 608–626. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.748
  • Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2015). To invest or not? The role of coworker support and trust in daily reciprocal gain spirals of helping behavior. Journal of Management, 41(6), 1628–1650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455246
  • Halbesleben, J. R. B., Wheeler, A. R., & Paustian-Underdahl, S. C. (2013). The impact of furloughs on emotional exhaustion, self-rated performance, and recovery experiences. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(3), 492–503. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032242
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). Social support and stress. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 14461–14465). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03823-7
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Freedy, J., Lane, C., & Geller, P. (1990). Conservation of social resources: Social support resource theory. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(4), 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407590074004
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. -P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
  • Howard, M. C., & Hoffman, M. E. (2018). Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches: Where theory meets the method. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 846–876. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428117744021
  • Hüffmeier, J., & Hertel, G. (2011). Many cheers make light the work: How social support triggers process gains in teams. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(3), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941111112631
  • Jolly, P. M., Kong, D. T., & Kim, K. Y. (2020). Social support at work: An integrative review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2485
  • Knight, C., Patterson, M., Dawson, J., & Brown, J. (2017). Building and sustaining work engagement – a participatory action intervention to increase work engagement in nursing staff. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(5), 634–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1336999
  • Koopman, J., Lanaj, K., & Scott, B. A. (2016). Integrating the bright and dark sides of OCB: A daily investigation of the benefits and costs of helping others. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), 414–435. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0262
  • Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Wang, M. (2016). When lending a hand depletes the will: The daily costs and benefits of helping. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(8), 1097–1110. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000118
  • Lawrence, S. A., Gardner, J., & Callan, V. J. (2007). The support appraisal for work stressors inventory: Construction and initial validation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(1), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.09.003
  • Legault, L. (2017). The need for competence. In Z.-H.-V.-S. T (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 1–3). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1123-1
  • Lin, K. J., Savani, K., & Ilies, R. (2019). Doing good, feeling good? The roles of helping motivation and citizenship pressure. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(8), 1020–1035. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000392
  • Liu, Y., Zhu, N., Zhang, J., & Raza, J. (2020). Does organizational reciprocity improve employees’ motivation? The mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Current Psychology, 40(7), 3136–3150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00984-x
  • Lukočienė, O., Varriale, R., & Vermunt, J. K. (2010). The simultaneous decision(s) about the number of lower- and higher-level classes in multilevel latent class analysis. Sociological Methodology, 40(1), 247–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2010.01231.x
  • Mäkikangas, A., Tolvanen, A., Aunola, K., Feldt, T., Mauno, S., & Kinnunen, U. (2018). Multilevel latent profile analysis with covariates: Identifying job characteristics profiles in hierarchical data as an example. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 931–954. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428118760690
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Masyn, K. E. (2013). Latent class analysis and finite mixture modeling. In T. D. Little (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of quantitative methods: Statistical analysis (pp. 551–611). Oxford University Press.
  • Mathieu, M., Eschleman, K. J., & Cheng, D. (2019). Meta-analytic and multiwave comparison of emotional support and instrumental support in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(3), 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000135
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus user’s guide. Muthén & Muthén.
  • Nahum-Shani, I., & Bamberger, P. A. (2011). Explaining the variable effects of social support on work-based stressor–strain relations: The role of perceived pattern of support exchange. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.09.002
  • Nahum-Shani, I., Bamberger, P. A., & Bacharach, S. B. (2011). Social support and employee well-being: The conditioning effect of perceived patterns of supportive exchange. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(1), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395024
  • Ohly, S., Sonnentag, S., Niessen, C., & Zapf, D. (2010). Diary studies in organizational research: An introduction and some practical recommendations. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(2), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000009
  • O’neill, B. S., & Mone, M. A. (1998). Investigating equity sensitivity as a moderator of relations between self-efficacy and workplace attitudes. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(5), 805–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.5.805
  • Park, J., & Yu, H. T. (2018). Recommendations on the sample sizes for multilevel latent class models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 78(5), 737–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164417719111
  • Patterer, A. S., Yanagida, T., Kühnel, J., & Korunka, C. (2021). Staying in touch, yet expected to be? A diary study on the relationship between personal smartphone use at work and work–nonwork interaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(3), 735–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12348
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. -Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual- and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079
  • Reijseger, G., Schaufeli, W. B., Peeters, M. C. W., & Taris, T. W. (2012). Ready, set, go! A model of the relation between work engagement and performance. In S. P. Gonçalves & J. G. Neves (Eds.), Occupational Health Psychology: From burnout to well-being (pp. 289–306). Scientific & Academic Publishing.
  • Russell, D. W., Altmaier, E., & Van Velzen, D. (1987). Job-related stress, social support, and burnout among classroom teachers. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(2), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.269
  • Ryan, R. M., & Solky, J. A. (1996). What is supportive about social support? In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of Social Support and the Family (pp. 249–267). Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1388-3_11
  • Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Xanthopoulou, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). The gain spiral of resources and work engagement: Sustaining a positive worklife. In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 118–131). Psychology Press.
  • Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). The balance of give and take: Toward a social exchange model of burnout. Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale, 19(1), 87–131.
  • Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
  • Semmer, N. K., Elfering, A., Jacobshagen, N., Perrot, T., Beehr, T. A., & Boos, N. (2008). The emotional meaning of instrumental social support. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(3), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.15.3.235
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Obst, P. L. (2011). The development of the 2-way social support scale: A measure of giving and receiving emotional and instrumental support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(5), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.594124
  • Shrout, P. E., Bolger, N., Iida, M., Burke, C., Gleason, M. E. J., & Lane, S. P.2010The effects of daily support transactions during acute stress: Results from a diary study of bar exam preparationIn K. T. Sullivan & J. DavilaEds.Support Processes in Intimate RelationshipsVol. 151pp. 175–199Oxford Scholarship Onlinehttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380170.003.0007
  • Snippe, E., Jeronimus, B. F., Aan Het Rot, M., Bos, E. H., de Jonge, P., & Wichers, M. (2018). The reciprocity of prosocial behavior and positive affect in daily life. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12299
  • Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., Wang, M., Valero, D., & Kauffeld, S. (2020). Latent profile analysis: A review and “how to” guide of its application within vocational behavior research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, Article 103445; 120, 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103445
  • Tomprou, M., Xanthopoulou, D., & Vakola, M. (2020). Socio-emotional and monetary employee-organization resource exchanges: Measurement and effects on daily employee functioning. Work & Stress, 34(2), 189–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2019.1616333
  • Urbach, T., & Weigelt, O. (2019). Time pressure and proactive work behaviour: A week‐level study on intraindividual fluctuations and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(4), 931–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12269
  • Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C. -H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195–1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316632058
  • Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 981–1002. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X481382
  • van der Rijt, J., van den Bossche, P., van de Wiel, M. W. J., de Maeyer, S., Gijselaers, W. H., & Segers, M. S. R. (2013). Asking for help: A relational perspective on help seeking in the workplace. Vocations and Learning, 6(2), 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-012-9095-8
  • Van Veldhoven, M., Van den Broeck, A., Daniels, K., Bakker, A. B., Tavares, S. M., & Ogbonnaya, C. (2017). Why, when, and for whom are Job resources beneficial? Applied Psychology, 66(2), 353–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12097
  • Vermunt, J. K. (2008). Latent class and finite mixture models for multilevel data sets. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 17(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280207081238
  • Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., Foster, C. A., & Agnew, C. R. (1999). Commitment, pro-relationship behavior, and trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 942–966. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.942
  • Williams, G. C., Halvari, H., Niemiec, C. P., Sørebø, Ø., Olafsen, A. H., & Westbye, C. (2014). Managerial support for basic psychological needs, somatic symptom burden and work-related correlates: A self-determination theory perspective. Work & Stress, 28(4), 404–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2014.971920
  • Williamson, J. A., & O’hara, M. W. (2017). Who gets social support, who gives it, and how it’s related to recipient’s mood. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(10), 1355–1377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217711936
  • Wingate, T. G., Lee, C. S., & Bourdage, J. S. (2019). Who helps and why? Contextualizing organizational citizenship behavior. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51(3), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000125
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Baker, A. B., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 345–356. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.11.003
  • Yang, L. -Q., Sliter, M., Cheung, J. H., Sinclair, R. R., & Mohr, C. (2018). The dark side of helping: Does returning the favor from coworkers hurt employee work engagement? Journal of Business and Psychology, 33(6), 741–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-017-9522-9
  • Ziegler, M., Kemper, C. J., & Kruyen, P. (2014). Short Scales – Five Misunderstandings and Ways to Overcome Them. Journal of Individual Differences, 35(4), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000148
  • Zyphur, M. J. (2009). When mindsets collide: Switching analytical mindsets to advance organization science. Academy of Management Review, 34(4), 677–688. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.34.4.zok677