References
- Baars, S., E. Mulcahy, and E. Bernardes. 2016. The Underrepresentation of White Working Class Boys in Higher Education. The Role of Widening Participation. King’s College London. https://www.lkmco.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-underrepresentation-of-white-working-class-boys-in-higher-education-baars-et-al-2016.pdf.
- Connor, H., S. Dewson, C. Tyers., J. Eccles., J. Regan., and J. Aston. 2001. Social Class and Higher Education: Issues Affecting Decisions on Participation by Lower Social Class Groups. Research Briefing No 267. Department for Education and Employment. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/http://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RB267.pdf.
- Corver, M. 2005. Young Participation in Higher Education. Bristol: Higher Education Funding Council for England. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120118171947/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_03/.
- Crawford, C., and E. Greaves. 2015. Socio-Economic, Ethnic and Gender Differences in HE Participation. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/474273/BIS-15-85-socio-economic-ethnic-and-gender-differences.pdf.
- Davies, P., T. Qiu., and N.M. Davies. 2014. “Cultural and Human Capital, Information and Higher Education Choices.” Journal of Education Policy 29 (6): 804–825. doi:10.1080/02680939.2014.891762.
- Department for Education. 2012. GCSE and Equivalent Attainment by Pupil Characteristics in England: 2010 to 2011. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/gcse-and-equivalent-attainment-by-pupil-characteristics-in-england-2010-to-2011.
- Department for Education. 2017. “Securing Student Success: Risk-Based Regulation for Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility and Informed Choice in Higher Education. Government Consultation on Behalf of the Office for Students.” https://consult.education.gov.uk/higher-education/higher-education-regulatory-framework/.
- Department for Education. 2018a. Careers Guidance and Access for Education and Training Providers. Statutory Guidance for Governing Bodies, School Leaders and School Staff. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/672418/_Careers_guidance_and_access_for_education_and_training_providers.pdf.
- Department of Education. 2018b. “Careers Guidance. Guidance for Further Education Colleges and Sixth Form Colleges.” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/679639/Careers-Guidance.pdf.
- Fuller, A., K. Paton, R. Foskett., and F. Maringe. 2008. ““Barriers” to Participation in Higher Education? Depends Who You Ask and How’.” Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning 10 (2): 6–17.
- Gorard, S., and E. Smith. 2007. “Do Barriers Get in the Way? A Review of the Determinants of Post-16 Participation.” Research in Post-Compulsory Education 12 (2): 141–158. doi:10.1080/13596740701387437.
- GOV.UK. 2015b. “School Leaving Age.” https://www.gov.uk/know-when-you-can-leave-school.
- GOV.UK. 2016. “Success as a Knowledge Economy: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility & Student Choice.” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523546/bis-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy-web.pdf.
- GOV.UK. 2017. “The National Curriculum.” https://www.gov.uk/national-curriculum/key-stage-3-and-4.
- Grant, T. 2014. “You Want to Be Hopeful…But You Don’t Want to Put Your Hope Too High’: Negotiating the Educational Aspirations if White Working Class Young People in Leicester.” In Learner Journeys: Origins, Experiences and Destinations, eds M. Hill, A.Hudson, D. Saunders, and J. Storan, 117–131. London: Forum for Access and Continuing Education.
- Gutman, L.M., and R. Akerman. 2008. Determinants of aspirations, Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, Research Report 27, Institute of Education, University of London. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/2052/1/Gutman2008Determinants.pdf.
- Hall, R. 2017. “Les Ebdon: We Need a Step Change on Widening Access to University.” The Guardian, September 6. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2017/sep/06/les-ebdon-university-widening-access-office-fair-access-students
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2011. “Updated young participation area classification (POLAR2).” http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120118171947/http:/www.hefce.ac.uk/widen/polar/polar2/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2012. “POLAR3.” Young participation rates in higher education. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/media/hefce/content/pubs/2012/201226/POLAR3.pdf.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2015a. “Young Participation from A-Level and Similar.” Briefing. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/analysis/yp/ypalevel/subject/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2015b. “POLAR-Participation of Local Areas. Briefing.” http://www.hefce.ac.uk/analysis/yp/POLAR/archive/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2016a. “Gaps in Young Participation in Higher Education.” Briefing. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/analysis/yp/gaps/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2016b. “Further Information: Gaps in Young Participation into Higher Education.” http://www.hefce.ac.uk/analysis/yp/gaps/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2017a. “POLAR4 Classification: A Local Geography Classification for Young Participation in Higher Education.” http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/year/2017/201729/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2017b. “National Collaborative Outreach Programme.” Policy Guide. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/sas/ncop/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2017b. “Maps of Target Wards and Funded Consortia.” National Collaborative Outreach Programme, Policy Guide. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/sas/ncop/maps/.
- Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2017c. “POLAR - Participation of Local Areas.” http://www.hefce.ac.uk/analysis/yp/POLAR/.
- Higher Education Statistics Agency. 2017. “Guide to the UKPIs.” https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/guide.
- Hodgson, A., and K. Spours. 2013. “Middle Attainers and 14–19 Progression in England: Half-Served by New Labour and Now Overlooked by the Coalition?” British Educational Research Journal 467–482. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/11987/.
- House of Commons Education Committee. 2014. “Underachievement in education by white working class children.” First Report of Session 2014–15. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmeduc/142/142.pdf.
- House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. 2009. Widening participation in higher education. Fourth Report of Session 2008–09. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmpubacc/226/9780215526557.pdf
- Lynch, S., D. Sims., and K. Wespieser. 2015. A Literature Review of the Value of Vocational Qualifications. Final Report. Berkshire: National Foundation for Educational Research. https://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/JCQR01/JCQR01.pdf.
- Menzies, L. 2013. Educational Aspirations: How English Schools Can Work with Parents to Keep Them on Track. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/england-education-aspirations-summary.pdf.
- Moore, J., J. Sanders., and L. Higham. 2013. Literature Review of Research into Widening Participation to Higher Education. Bristol: HEFCE. https://www.offa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Literature-review-of-research-into-WP-to-HE.pdf.
- Nartey, A. 2014. Inequality, Life Chances and Education: A UCU Policy on Widening Participation. University and College Union. https://www.ucu.org.uk/media/6191/Inequality-life-chances-and-education-a-UCU-policy-on-widening-participation-Feb-14/pdf/ucu_lifechances_policy_feb14.pdf.
- Office for Fair Access. 2017. “Fair Access to Higher Education in England: Key Facts and Biggest Issues.” https://www.offa.org.uk/press/quick-facts/.
- Office for Fair Access and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. 2014. “National Strategy for Access and Student Success.” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/299689/bis-14-516-national-strategy-for-access-and-student-success.pdf.
- Office for National Statistics. 2017a. “Welcome to NOMIS.” https://www.nomisweb.co.uk.
- Office for National Statistics. 2017b. “NOMIS.” Highest level of qualification by economic activity. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/lc5601ew.
- Office for National Statistics. 2017c. “NOMIS.” Approximated social grade by adult life-stage. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/components/simpleapicomponent.aspx?menuopt=11280&subcomp=.
- Office for Students. 2018. 'NCOP in your area.' NationalCollaborative Outreach Programme (NCOP). https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/promotingequal-opportunities/national-collaborative-outreach-programmencop/ncop-in-your-area/.
- Payne, J. 2001. Student Success Rates in Post-16 Qualifications Data from the England and Wales Youth Cohort Study. London: Department for Education. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/4655/1/ACF2FAA.pdf.
- Raven, N. 2008. “Understanding and Overcoming Barriers to HE Progression Faced by Working Class Boys: Provisional Focus Group Findings from the East Midlands.” E-Bulletin Action on Access 51:2–3.
- Raven, N. 2014. “Gender and Social Grade.” In Young People’s Perceptions about Post-18 Education and Training Options - Commentaries, edited by N., Raven, P.J. Burke, E. Foster, and R. Woodfield, London: University and Colleges Union. http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/pdf/f/m/ucu_youngpeoplesperceptionsaboutpost18_commentaries_dec14.pdf.
- Raven, N. 2016. An Investigation into the Factors Determining Low Participation Rates in Three Areas of Suffolk and Norfolk. Suffolk and Norfolk Collaborative Outreach Network. https://www.uos.ac.uk/sites/default/files/An%20investigation%20in%20to%20low%20participation%20rates%20-Report.pdf.
- Raven, N. 2017a. “The progression challenge. Factors influencing low rates of young higher education participation in a sample of districts across Essex.” Unpublished report prepared for the Essex Collaborative Outreach Network.
- Raven, N. 2017b. “Challenges and Opportunities for Widening Participation: The Practitioners’ Perspective.” In Widening Participation in the Context of Economic and Social Change, eds S., Broadhead, M. Hill, A. Hudson, C. McGlynn, S. Mckendry, N. Raven, D. Sims, and T. Ward, 269–293. London: Forum for Access and Continuing Education.
- Raven, N. Forthcoming. The HE Progression of BTEC Learners: Trends, Challenges and Tactics. London: Forum for Access and Continuing Education.
- Reed, R., L. P. Gates., and K. Last. 2007. Young Participation in Higher Education in the Parliamentary Constituencies of Birmingham Hodge Hill, Bristol South, Nottingham North and Sheffield Brightside. Technical Report. Bristol: HEFCE. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/10461/1/Four%20Cities%20report.pdf.
- Sammons, P., K. Toth, and K. Sylva. 2015. Background to Success. Differences in A-Level Entries by Ethnicity, Neighbourhood and Gender. Sutton Trust. https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Background-to-Success-Final-1.pdf.
- Shafi, A.A., and J. Rose. 2014. “Restrictions into Opportunities: How Boundaries in the Life Course Can Shape Educational Pathways.” Research in Post-Compulsory Education 19 (2): 212–229. doi:10.1080/13596748.2014.897514.
- Shields, R., and A. Masardo. 2015. Changing Patterns in Vocational Entry Qualifications, Student Support and Outcomes in Undergraduate Degree Programmes. York: Higher Education Academy. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/breaking_news_files/changing_patterns_in_vocational_entry_qualifications.pdf.
- Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. 2016. End of cycle report 2016. https://www.ucas.com/file/86541/download?token=PQnaAI5f
- Universities UK. 2017. “Patterns and Trends in UK Higher Education.” http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/facts-and-stats/data-and-analysis/Documents/patterns-and-trends-2017.pdf.
- Webber, L. 2014. “Accessing HE for Non-Traditional Students: ‘Outside of My Position.” Research in Post-Compulsory Education 19 (1): 91–106. doi:10.1080/13596748.2014.872936.
- Wicks, H., and R. Britton. 2014. Young people’s perceptions about post-18 education and training options. A report for the University and College Union. https://www.ucu.org.uk/media/6972/Young-peoples-perceptions-of-post-18-education-and-training–survey-results/pdf/ucu_comres_youngpeoplesperceptionsaboutpost18_dec14.pdf
- Wiseman, J., E. Davies, S. Duggal, L. Bowes, R. Moreton, S. Robinson, T. Nathwani, G. Birking, L. Thomas., and J. Roberts. 2017. Understanding the Changing Gaps in Higher Education Participation in Different Regions of England. Department of Education. http://cdn.basw.co.uk/upload/basw_82049-4.pdf.