Expanding or restricting access to tertiary education? A tale of two sectors and two countries

References

• Altreiter, C. 2021. “Drawn to Work: What Makes Apprenticeship Training an Attractive Choice for the Working-Class.” Journal of Education and Work 34 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1080/13639080.2020.1858228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, M. 2021. “The Development of English University Tuition Fee Policy from 1960 with Lessons for Today.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 25 (4): 117–126. doi:10.1080/13603108.2021.1962425.
   Google Scholar
• Bowers-Brown, T., and L. Harvey. 2004. “Are There Too Many Graduates in the U.K.? A Literature Review and an Analysis of Graduate Employability.” Industry and Higher Education 18 (4): 243–354. doi:10.5367/0000000041667538.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, D., P. Noonan, H. Nugent, and B. Scales. 2008. “Review of Australian Higher Education: Final Report.” Canberra: Department of Employment, Education & Workplace Relations.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdry, H., C. Crawford, L. Dearden, A. Goodman, and A. Vignoles. 2010. “Widening Participation in Higher Education: Analysis Using Linked Administrative Data.” IFS Working Paper W10/04. London: UK: Institute for Fiscal Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth of Australia. 2011. “A Shared Responsibility: Apprenticeships for the 21st Century, Final Report of the Expert Panel.” Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, J., and E. Harcourt. 2007. “No Shonky, Cappuccino Courses Here, Mate. UK Perspectives on Australian Higher Education.” Perspectives 11 (4): 116–122. doi:10.1080/13603100701613954.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Business and Skills (BIS). 2013. “Measuring Additionality in Apprenticeships.” BIS Research Paper number 138. London: BIS.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Education. 2016a. Participation Rates in Higher Education: Academic Years 2006-7 to 2014-2105 (Provisional) SFR45/2016. 15th September ed. London: UK Government.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Education. 2016b. Widening Participation in Higher Education, England, 2013/14 Age Cohort. SFR37/2016, 3 August. London: UK Government.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Training. 2015. Higher Education Funding in Australia: A Review of Reviews from Dawkins to Today. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Dolphin, T., and T. Lanning. 2011. Rethinking Apprenticeships. London: Association of Colleges.
   Google Scholar
• Esmond, B. 2019. “Higher/Degree Apprenticeships and the Diversification of Transitions in England.” Contemporary Apprenticeship Reforms and Reconfigurations, 8th INAP (Network on Innovative Apprenticeship) Conference, Konstanz, Germany, March.
   Google Scholar
• Foley, N., and A. Powell. 2021. “Apprenticeship Statistics: House of Commons Library Briefing.” Paper no. 06113. London: House of Commons Library.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, A., and L. Unwin. 2003. “Creating A ‘Modern’ Apprenticeship: A Critique of the UK’s Multi-Sector, Social Inclusion Approach.” Journal of Education and Work 16 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1080/1363908022000032867.
   Google Scholar
• Gale, T., and S. Parker. 2013. “Widening Participation in Australian Higher Education. Report to the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and the Office of Fair Access (OFFA), England.” Leicester, UK: CFE.
   Google Scholar
• Gale, T., and S. Parker. 2017. “Retaining Students in Australian Higher Education: Cultural Capital, Field Distinction.” European Education Research Journal 16 (1): 80–96. doi:10.1177/1474904116678004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessler, M. 2019. “Concepts of Apprenticeship: Strengths, Weaknesses and Pitfalls.” In Handbook of Vocational Education and Training, edited by S. McGrath, M. Mulder, J. Papier, and R. Stuart, 677-710. Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gospel, H. F. 1994, March. “Whatever Happened to Apprenticeship Training? A British, American, Australian Comparison. London School of Economics.” Centre for Economic Performance, Discussion Paper No 190. https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/DP0190.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie, H., and E. Smith. 2015. “The Effects of a Radical Change in Funding Rules for VET in Victoria, Australia.” In It’s All Adult Education: 42nd Annual Conference of SCUTREA, edited by L. Fraser and R. M. Giralt, 214–221. Leeds: University of Leeds.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, T., and E. Smith. 2017. “Stepping Up: Navigating Young Futures in Regional Towns.” National Employment Solutions Conference, Mantra Legends, Gold Coast, Queensland, 16-17 November.
   Google Scholar
• Holmwood, J., T. Hickey, R. Cohen, and S. Wallis. 2016. In Defence of Public Higher Education: Knowledge for a Successful Society. London: Convention for Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Keep, E. 2014. “Vocational Qualifications and Their Interaction with the Labour Market – The Challenges of Weak Incentives to Learn.” Inaugural International Research Conference of the Further Education Research Association. Oxford, July 11-13.
   Google Scholar
• Kemp, D., and A. Norton. 2014. Review of the Demand-driven Funding System. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Lavid, J., J. Arus, and L. Moraton.2012.“Genre Realized in Theme: The Case of News Reports and Commentaries” Discours Online 10, 3–21. https://journals.openedition.org/discours/8623
   Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2016. “The Worldwide Trend to High Participation Higher Education: Dynamics of Social Stratification in Inclusive Systems.” Higher Education 72 (4): 413–434. doi:10.1007/s10734-016-0016-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). 2016. Apprentices and Traineeships 2015 - Annual. Adelaide: NCVER.
   Google Scholar
• Newton, B., and J. Williams. 2013. Under-representation by Gender and Race in Apprenticeships: Research Summary. London: Unionlearn.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2009. The Economic Benefits of Education. Berlin: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2021. What Have Countries Done to Support Young People in the COVID-19 Crisis? Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, D. 2015. “Policy Borrowing in Education: Frameworks for Analysis.” In Second International Handbook on Globalisation, Education & Policy Research, edited by J. Zajda, 137–148. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro, R., and D. Antonowicz. 2015. “Opening the Gates or Coping with the Flow? Governing Access to Higher Education in Northern and Central Europe.” Higher Education 70 (3): 299–313. doi:10.1007/s10734-014-9830-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. 2001. Australian Apprenticeships: Facts, Fiction and Future. Adelaide: NCVER.
   Google Scholar
• Saraisky, N. 2015. “Analyzing Public Discourse: Using Media Content Analysis to Understand the Policy Process.” Current Issues in Comparative Education 18 (1): 26–41.
   Google Scholar
• Schofield, K. 1999. “Independent Investigation into the Quality of Training in Queensland’s Traineeship System: Final Report: 2 July 1999.” Brisbane: Queensland Department of Employment, Training and Industrial Relations.
   Google Scholar
• Shields, J. 1995. A matter of skill: The revival of apprenticeship in early twentieth-century New South Wales. Journal of Industrial Relations, June, 236–262.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E., P. Comyn, R. Brennan Kemmis, and A. Smith. 2009. High Quality Traineeships: Identifying What Works. Adelaide: NCVER.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. 2010. “Apprenticeships.” In International Encyclopedia of Education, 3rd edn. Vol. 8. edited by P. Peterson, B. McGaw, and E. Baker, 312–319. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E., and R. Brennan Kemmis. 2013. Towards A Model Apprenticeship Framework: A Comparative Analysis of National Apprenticeship Systems. New Delhi: ILO. http://www.ilo.org/newdelhi/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_234728/lang-en/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. 2014. “Apprenticeship: Not Just a Learning Experience.” Keynote Speech to Informing Changes in VET Policy and Practice: The Central Role of Research.” 17th Annual 2014 AVETRA Conference, Surfers Paradise, April 22-24.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. 2016. ““Links between Concepts of Skill, Concepts of Occupation, and the Training System: A Case Study of Australia.” In Vocationalism in Further and Higher Education: Policy, Programmes and Pedagogy, edited by S. Loo and J. Jameson, 65-77. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E., and J. Teicher. 2016. “Re-thinking Skill through a New Lens: Evidence from Three Australian Service Industries.” Journal of Education and Work (5): 515-530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E. 2021. “The Expansion and Contraction of the Apprenticeship System in Australia, 1985-2020.” Journal of Vocational Education and Training 73 (2): 336–365. doi:10.1080/13636820.2021.1894218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, D. 1965. England in the Twentieth Century. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Tonks, D., and M. Farr. 2003. “Widening Access and Participation in UK Higher Education.” International Journal of Educational Management 17 (1): 26–36.
   Google Scholar
• Trow, M., and M. Burrage. 2010. Twentieth-Century Higher Education: Elite to Mass to Universal. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Unwin, L., and J. Wellington. 1995. “Reconstructing the Work-based Route: Lessons from the Modern Apprenticeship.” The Vocational Aspect of Education 47 (4): 337–352. doi:10.1080/0305787950470401.
   Google Scholar
• Urban Institute. 2021. The State of Apprenticeship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reports from Seven Countries. On-line virtual forum of International Network of Innovative Apprenticeships. May 26. https://www.urban.org/events/state-apprenticeship-during-covid-19-pandemic-reports-seven-countries
   Google Scholar
• Wellings, P. 2015. “The Architecture and the Plumbing: What Features Do the Higher Education Systems in the UK and Australia Have in Common?” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 19 (3): 71–78.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, A. 2002. Does Education Matter? Myths about Education and Economic Growth. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar