References
- Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). (2018). ARWU. Retrieved from http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html
- Altbach, P.G., & de Wit, H. (2018). “The closing of China? Possible implications for universities worldwide”. International Higher Education, 93, 24–25. Spring.
- Bierling, J., & Lafferty, G. (1998). Pressures for change. In R. Maidment, D. Goldblatt, & J. Mitchell (Eds.), Governance in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 281–300). New York: Routledge.
- Braithwaite, J. (2008). Regulatory capitalism: How it works, ideas for making it work better. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi:10.4337/9781848441262
- Breznitz, D. (2007). Innovation and the state: Political choice and strategies for growth in Israel. Taiwan, and Ireland. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/yale/9780300120189.001.0001
- Caixin. (2016a, January 20). Legal expert warns graft will continue until political system fixed. Retrieved from http://english.caixin.com/2016-01-20/100901823.html
- Caixin. (2016b 18 September). Fudan university chief fired over Lianing election-rigging scandal. Retrieved from http://english.caixin.com/2016-09-18/100989225.html
- Caixin. (2019). Chart of the day: Shenzhen overtakes Hong Kong. Retrieved from https://www.caixinglobal.com/2019-02-28/chart-of-the-day-shenzhen-overtakes-hong-kong-101385498.html
- Cao, C. (2015). ‘China’, UNESCO Science Report. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 620–641. doi: 10.1177/1753193414535177.
- Carroll, T. (2012). Working on, through and around the state: The deep marketisation of development in the Asia-Pacific. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42(3), 378–404. doi:10.1080/00472336.2012.687628
- Carroll, T., & Jarvis, D.S. (2014). Theorising Asia’s marketisation under late capitalism: Risk, capital and the new politics of development. In T. Carroll & D. Jarvis (Eds.), The politics of marketising Asia (pp. 1–23). UK: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137001672_1
- Carroll, T., & Jarvis, D.S. (2013). Market building in Asia: Standards setting, policy diffusion, and the globalization of market norms. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 6(2), 117–128. doi:10.1080/17516234.2013.834205
- Carroll, T., & Jarvis, D.S. (2015). The new politics of development: Citizens, civil society, and the evolution of neoliberal development policy. Globalizations, 12(3), 281–304. doi:10.1080/14747731.2015.1016301
- Carroll, T., & Jarvis, D.S. (Eds.). (2017). Asia after the developmental state: Disembedding autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Case, W. (1998). Sayonara to the strong state: From government to governance in the Asia-Pacific. In R.A. Maidment, D.S. Goldblatt, & J. Mitchell (Eds.), Governance in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 250–274). London: Routledge.
- Chen, K., & Kenney, M. (2007). Universities/research institutes and regional innovation systems: The cases of beijing and shenzhen. World Development, 35(6), 1056–1074. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.013
- China Copyright and Media. (2015 19 January). Opinions concerning further strengthening and improving propaganda and ideology work in higher education under new circumstances. Retrieved from https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2015/01/19/opinions-concerning-further-strengthening-and-improving-propaganda-and-ideology-work-in-higher-education-under-new-circumstances/
- China Power. (2018). Are patents indicative of Chinese innovation?. Retrieved from https://chinapower.csis.org/patents/
- ChinaFile. (2013 8 November). Communiqué on the current state of the ideological sphere (document 9). Retrieved from www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation
- Clark, B. (2001). The entrepreneurial university: New foundations for collegiality, autonomy, and achievement. Higher Education Management, 13(2), 9–24.
- Clark, B.R. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. Paris and Oxford: International Association of Universities (IAU) and Elsevier Science.
- Darryl, S.L., & Mok, K.H. (2019). The political economy of higher education governance in Asia: Challenges, trends and trajectories. In J. Darryl & K.H. Mok (Eds.), Transformations in higher education governance in Asia: Policy, politics and progress(pp.1–46). Singapore: Springer.
- Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. (DBEIS). (2018). UK-China joint strategy for science, innovation and industrial cooperation. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/665199/uk-china-strategy-science-technology-innovation-cooperation.pdf
- Department of Education and Training. (2018). World class 2.0 – an update. Retrieved from https://internationaleducation.gov.au/International-network/china/PolicyUpdates-China/Pages/China%E2%80%99s-World-Class-2-0-an-update.aspx
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. (DfG). (2018). Joint sino-german research projects. Retrieved from http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/announcements_proposals/2018/info_wissenschaft_18_03/index.html
- Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. London: Heinemann.
- Federal Republic of Germany. (2014). Joint declaration between Germany and China. Retrieved fromhttps://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/EN/Pressemitteilungen/BPA/2014/2014-03-28-china-declaration.html
- Feng, X. (2015). Guangdong-Hong Kong cooperation to scale new heights. Retrieved from http://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X0A2OFL/hktdc-research/Guangdong-Hong-Kong-Cooperation-to-Scale-New-Heights.
- Frietsch, R., & Tagschere, U. (2014). German-sino collaboration in science, technology and innovation. Fraunhofer ISI discussion papers. Innovation systems and policy analysis, pp. 43. Retrieved from https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/ccp/innovation-systems-policy-analysis/2014/discussionpaper_43_2014.pdf
- Fukuyama, F. (1992). The end of history and the last man. New York: FreePress.
- Fuller, D. (ed.). (2010). Innovation policy and the limits of laissez-faire: Hong Kong’s policy in comparative perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Garnaut, R., Song, L., & Fang, C., Eds.. 2018. China’s 40 years of reform and development: 1978–2018. Australia: ANU Press. doi:10.1057/9780230304116
- Gu, S., & Lundvall, B. (2007). China’s innovation system and the move towards harmonious growth and endogenous innovation, working document. Copenhagen business school, department of industrial economics and strategy, department of business studies.
- Guan, J. (2011). Guanxi: The key to achieving success in China. Sino-Platonic Papers, 217, 1–11.
- Hangzhou. (2019). Retrieved from http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2009/6/23/art_806516_151427.html
- Hayashi, S. (2010). The developmental state in the era of globalization: Beyond the Northeast Asian model of political economy. The Pacific Review, 23(1), 45–69. doi:10.1057/9780230304116
- Hayhoe, R. (1993). China’s universities since Tiananmen: A critical assessment. The China Quarterly, 134, 291–309. doi:10.1057/9780230304116
- Hayhoe, R. (1996). China’s universities 1895–1995: A century of cultural conflicts. New York: Garland.
- Hayhoe, R., & Pan, J. (2015). China’s universities on the global stage–Views from university leaders. International Higher Education, 39. doi:10.1057/9780230304116
- Held, D. (Ed.). (2000). A globalizing world? Culture, economics, politics. London: Routledge.
- Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D.D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. Cambridge: Polity.
- HKSAR Government. (2017). The chief executive’s 2017 policy address. Retrieved from https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2017/eng/policy_ch03.html
- Horta, H., & Shen, W. (2019). Current and future challenges of the Chinese research system. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 1–21. doi:10.1080/1360080X.2019.1632162
- Hundt, D. (2014). Economic crisis in Korea and the degraded developmental state. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 68(5), 499–514. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.04.009
- Jarvis, D. (2012). State theory and the rise of the regulatory state. In E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, & X. Wu (Eds.), Routledge handbook of public policy (pp. 59–72). London: Routledge. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.04.009
- Jarvis, D., & Mok, K.H. (2019). Transformations in higher education governance in Asia: Policy, politics and progress. Singapore: Springer.
- Jessop, B. (2005). A regulationist and state-theoretical analysis. In R. Boyd & T.W. Ngo (Eds.), Asian states: Beyond the developmental perspective (pp. 19–41). Oxon: Routledge.
- Jia, H. (2017, November 30). China’s citations catching up: Papers from China are growing in influence and volume, yet the US remains supreme. Nature Index. Retrieved from https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/chinas-citations-catching-up
- Jomo, K.S. (2001). Rethinking the role of government policy in Southeast Asia. In J.E. Stiglitz & S. Yusef (Eds.), Rethinking the East Asian miracle (pp. 461–508). New York: World Bank and Oxford University Press.
- Karo, E. (2012). Modernizing governance of innovation policy through ‘decentralization’: A new fashion or a threat to state capacities?.Innovation, 14(4), 495–509. doi:10.5172/impp.2012.14.4.495
- Klingler-Vidra, R. (2016). Diffusion and adaptation: Why even the silicon valley model is adapted as it diffuses to East Asia. The Pacific Review, 29(5), 761–784. doi:10.5172/impp.2012.14.4.495
- Lehmann, J.P. (2017). University challenge: Asia in the scales of global knowledge. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/university-challenge-asia-in-the-scales-of-global-knowledge.
- Levin, R.C. (2010). Top of the class. The rise of Asia’s universities. Foreign Affairs, 89(3), 63–75.
- Li, S. (2018a). ‘From 985 to World class 2.0: China’s strategic move’ inside higher education. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/world-view/985-world-class-20-chinas-strategic-move
- Li, Y. (2018b). Understanding China’s technological rise. The three factors underlying China’s transformation into a rising technology powerhouse.’ Diplomat (August). Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2018/08/understanding-chinas-technological-rise/
- Liu, C. (2017, May 25). UK and Chinese universities establish research network. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017-05/25/content_29500366.htm
- Marginson, S. (2011). Higher education in East Asia and Singapore: Rise of the confucian model. Higher Education, 61(5), 587–611. doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9384-9
- Mazzarol, T. (2014). Growing and sustaining entrepreneurial ecosystems: What they are and the role of government policy. Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand, SEAANZ white paper WP01–2014.
- Ministry of Commerce of PRC. (2006). The notice of Shenzhen municipal government on issuing the strategic guideline on intellectual property (2006–2010). Retrieved fromhttp://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/b/g/200603/20060301642316.html
- Ministry of Education of PRC. (2005). The notice on reviewing applications for doctoral degree and master degree granting permissions. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A22/xwb_left/zcywlm_xwgl/moe_818/tnull_8224.html
- Mok, K.H. (2017). Withering the developmental state for compressed development? Adaptive state entrepreneurship and social policy expansion in China. In T. Carroll & D. Jarvis (Eds.), Asia after the developmental state: Disembedding autonomy . (pp. 297–325). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316480502.013
- Mok, K.H., & Jiang, J. (2018a). Questing for entrepreneurial university in Hong Kong and Shenzhen: The promotion of industry-university collaboration and entrepreneurship. In K.H. Mok, D. Neubauer, & J. Jiang (Eds.), The sustainability of higher education in an era of post-massification (pp. 115–133). London: Routledge.
- Mok, K.H., & Forrest, R., Eds. (2008). Changing governance and public policy in East Asia. Oxon: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203888216
- Mok, K.H., & Jiang, J. (2018b April). Pursuit of entrepreneurial state for innovation-centric entrepreneurship: New governance of multiple networks and hybrid organisations in Hong Kong, Paper presented to the Department of International Development Seminar Series, London: King’s College London
- Mok, K.H., & Jiang, J. (2019). ‘Pursuit of entrepreneurial university for innovation-centric entrepreneurship: Quadruple helix model and hybridized ecosystems in Hong Kong’, Unpublished manuscript. under review.
- Mok, K.H., & Qian, J.W. (2018). A new welfare regime in the making? Paternalistic welfare pragmatism in China. Journal of European Social Policy, 29(1), 100–114.
- Mok, K.H., & Wu, X.F. (2013). Dual decentralization in China’s transitional economy: Welfare regionalism and policy implications for central–local relationship. Policy and Society, 32(1),61–75. doi: 10.1016/j.polsoc.2013.02.002
- MoST Minogue, M., Polidano, C., & Hulme, D. (1998). Beyond the new public management: Changing ideas and practices in governance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
- Motohashi, K., & Yun, X. (2007). China’s innovation system reform and growing industry and science linkages. Research Policy, 36(8), 1251–1260. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.023
- National Development and Reform Commission, People’s Government of Guangdong Province, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region (2017). Framework agreement on deepening guangdong - Hong Kong – Macao cooperation in the development of the bay area. Retrieved from http://gia.info.gov.hk/general/201707/01/P2017070100409_262244_1_1498888409704.pdf
- National Science Foundation. (NSF). (2014). Science and engineering indicators 2014: A broad base of quantitative information on the U.S. and international science and engineering enterprise. Retrieved fromwww.nsf.gov/statistics/seind14/
- New York Times. (2018, July 4). Why made in China 2025 will succeed, despite Trump. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/04/technology/made-in-china-2025-dongguan.html
- Pang, E.S. (2000). The financial crisis of 1997–98 and the end of the Asian developmental state. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 570–593. doi:10.1355/CS22-3G
- Pirie, I. (2017). Korea and Taiwan: The crisis of investment-led growth and the end of the developmental state. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(1), 1–26.
- Postiglione, G.A. (2015). “Research universities for national rejuvenation and global influence: China’s search for a balanced model”. Higher Education, 70(2), 235–250. doi:10.1007/s10734-014-9838-6
- Qiu, J. (2014). China’s funding system and research innovation. National Science Review, 1(1), 161–163. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwt034
- Raza, R. (2010). Higher education governance in East Asia. (draft). Washington, DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/HigherEducationGovernance.pdf
- Rhoads, R., Wang, X., Shi, X., & Chang, Y. (2014). China’s rising research Universities. A new era of global ambitions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
- Saunders, T., & Bound, K. (2013). China’s absorptive state. Research, innovation and the prospects for China UK collaboration. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nesta.org.uk/report/chinas-absorptive-state-innovation-and-research-in-china/
- Shenzhen Municipal Committee of People’s Political Consultative Conference. (2013). Documents on the reform and opening-up of Shenzhen (in Chinese), Retrieved fromhttp://szzx.sznews.com/content/2013-04/24/content_8987138_3.htm
- Shenzhen Municipal Government. (2007). 深圳市人民政府关于制定深圳市知识产权指标体系的意见 [The opinion on building intellectual property index system of Shenzhen]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.sz.gov.cn/zfgb/2007/gb551/200810/t20081019_94153.htm
- Shenzhen Municipal Government. (2012). 深圳市促进知识产权质押融资若干措施 [The measures to encourage intellectual property right pledge financing]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.sz.gov.cn/zfgb/2012_1/gb787/201205/t20120516_1914097.htm
- Simon, D. (2017). How China is catching up to a US science and tech sector uncertain of its future. Forbes (Asia Insights). Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/outofasia/2017/10/04/how-china-is-quickly-catching-up-to-an-american-science-technology-sector-uncertain-of-its-future/#533e0e686915
- Sispark. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sispark.com.cn/about-sispark-56.html
- Standing Committee of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress. (2008). 深圳经济特区科技创新促进条例 [Regulations of the shenzhen special economic zone on the promotion of scientific and technological innovations]. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2014-10/13/5023812/files/0572c166d337491498fdc1c8a3c87616.pdf
- State Council. (2015). Made in China 2025. Retrieved from http://www.cittadellascienza.it/cina/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/IoT-ONE-Made-in-China-2025.pdf
- State Department. (2017) State owned enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.export.gov/article?id=China-State-Owned-Enterprises
- Stubbs, R. (2009). What ever happened to the East Asian developmental state? The unfolding debate. The Pacific Review, 22(1), 1–22. doi:10.1080/09512740802650971
- Sun, Z., Lei, Z., & Yin, Z. (2018). ‘Innovation policy in China: Nationally promulgated but locally implemented’. Applied Economic Letters, 25(21), 1481–1486. doi:10.1080/13504851.2018.1430315
- Tuspark. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.tusholdings.com/h/introduction/
- Wang, O. (2018, July 10). Is Beijing going back to the future with its much-hyped ‘made in China 2025ʹ plan? South China Morning Post. Retrieved fromhttps://www.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2154489/beijing-going-back-future-its-much-hyped-made-china-2025-plan
- Wei, J., & Welch, A. (2018). Academic drift in China’s universities of applied technology. International Higher Education, 94, 30–32. doi:10.6017/ihe.2018.0.10544
- Welch, A., & Cai, H. (2011). Enter the dragon. The internationalisation of China’s higher education system. In J. Ryan (Ed.), China’s higher education reform and Internationalisation (pp. 9–33). London: Routledge.
- Welch, A. (2012). Opportunistic entrepreneurialism and internationalisation of higher education: Lessons from the antipodes? Globalisation Societies and Education, 10(3), 295–315. doi:10.1080/14767724.2012.710119
- Welch, A. (2014). China-ASEAN relations in higher education: An analytical framework. In A. Yonezawa, Y. Kitamura, A. Meerman, & K. Kuroda (Eds.), Emerging International Dimensions in East Asian Higher Education (pp. 103–120). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Welch, A. (2016). A new epistemic silk road? The Chinese knowledge diaspora and its implications for the Europe of knowledge. European Review, 23(S1), 95–111. doi:10.1017/S1062798714000805
- Welch, A. (2018). Global ambitions: Internationalisation and China’s rise as knowledge hub. Frontiers of Chinese Education, 13(4), 513–531. doi:10.1007/s11516-018-0028-7
- Welch, A. (in press). Governance and corruption in east asian higher education: Close cousins, close encounters’. In G. Capano & D. Jarvis (Eds.), Governance of higher education: Comparative perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Welch, A., & Hao, J. (2013). Returnees and diaspora as source of innovation in Chinese higher education. Frontiers of Education in China, 8(2), 214–238. doi:10.3868/s110-002-013-0016-7
- Welch, A., & Zhang, Z. (2008). Higher education and global talent flows: Brain drain, overseas Chinese intellectuals, and diasporic knowledge networks. Higher Education Policy, 21(4), 519–537. doi:10.1057/hep.2008.20
- White House. (2018). How China’s economic aggression threatens the technologies and intellectual property of the United States and the World. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-China-Technology-Report-6.18.18-PDF.pdf
- Whittaker, D.H., Zhu, T., Sturgeon, T., Tsai, M.H., & Okita, T. (2010). Compressed development. Studies in Comparative International Development, 45(4), 439–467. doi:10.1007/s12116-010-9074-8
- Wong, J. (2004). The adaptive developmental state in East Asia. Journal of East Asian Studies, 4(3), 345–362. doi:10.1017/S1598240800006007
- World Bank. (2002). World development report 2002, building institutions for markets, Washington: Oxford University Press.
- Wübbeke, J., Meissner, M., Zenglein, M.J., Ives, J., & Conrad, B. (2016). Made in China 2025. Mercator institute for China studies. Retrieved from https://www.merics.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/MPOC_No.2_MadeinChina2025_web.pdf
- Xi, J. (2017, October 18). Secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. speech to 19th party congress,Beijing, China.
- Yang, R., Vidovich, L., & Currie, J. (2007). ‘Dancing in a cage’: Changing autonomy in Chinese higher education. Higher Education, 54(4), 575–592. doi:10.1007/s10734-006-9009-5
- Yang, R., & Welch, A. (2010). Globalization, transnational academic mobility and the Chinese knowledge diaspora: An Australian case study. Discourse, 31(5), 593–607. doi:10.1080/01596306.2010.516940
- Yang, R., & Welch, A. (2012). A world-class university in China? The case of Tsinghua.’. Higher Education, 63(5), 645–666. doi:10.1007/s10734-011-9465-4
- Yang, R., Xie, M., & Wen, W. (2018). Pilgrimage to the West: Modern transformations of Chinese intellectual formation in social sciences. Higher education. doi:10.1007/s10734-018-0303-9
- Zha, Q. (2016). “China calls for smarter standards for its world-class universities”. International Higher Education, 86, 10–11. doi:10.6017/ihe.2016.86.9363