References
- Alderman, H., Behrman, J., Kohler, H. P., Maluccio, J. A., & Watkins, S. (2001). Attrition in longitudinal household survey data: Some tests for three developing-country samples. Demographic Research, 5(4), 79–124. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2001.5.4
- Angelsen, A., & Dokken, T. (2015). Environmental reliance, climate exposure, and vulnerability: A cross-section analysis of structural and stochastic poverty. World Bank Policy Research Paper. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-7474
- Auerbach, A. M., & Thachil, T. (2021). How does Covid-19 affect urban slums? Evidence from settlement leaders in India. World Development, 140, 105304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105304
- Azim Premji University (APU). (2021). State of working India 2021: One year of Covid-19. Centre for Sustainable Employment. https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/State_of_Working_India_2021-One_year_of_Covid-19.pdf
- Barrett, C. B., Ghezzi-Kopel, K., Hoddinott, J., Homami, N., Tennant, E., Upton, J., & Wu, T. (2021). A scoping review of the development resilience literature: Theory, methods and evidence. World Development, 146, 105612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105612
- Barrett, C. B., Marenya, P. P., McPeak, J., Minten, B., Murithi, F., Oluoch-Kosura, W., Place, F., Randrianarisoa, J. C., Rasambainarivo, J., & Wangila, J. (2006). Welfare dynamics in rural Kenya and Madagascar. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(2), 248–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405394
- Breman, J. (2003). The labouring poor in India: Patterns of exploitation, subordination, and exclusion. Oxford University Press.
- Carter, M. R., & Barrett, C. B. (2006). The economics of poverty traps and persistent poverty: An asset-based approach. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(2), 178–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405261
- Carter, M. R., & May, J. (2001). One kind of freedom: Poverty dynamics in post-apartheid South Africa. World Development, 29(12), 1987–2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00089-4
- CPRC. (2005). The chronic poverty report 2004-05. Chronic Poverty Research Centre.
- Deaton, A. (1989). Saving in developing countries: Theory and review. The World Bank Economic Review, 3(Suppl. 1), 61–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/3.suppl_1.61
- Deaton, A. (1990). On risk, insurance and intra-village consumption smoothing. Preliminary Draft, Research Program in Development Studies. Princeton University. https://www.princeton.edu/~deaton/downloads/On%20risk_insurance_and_intravillage_consumption_smoothing.pdf
- Dercon, S., Hoddinott, J., & Woldehanna, T. (2005). Shocks and consumption in 15 Ethiopian villages, 1999-2004. Journal of African Economies, 14(4), 559–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/eji022
- Downs-Tepper, H., Krishna, A., & Rains, E. (2021). A threat to life and livelihoods: Examining the effects of the first wave of COVID-19 on health and wellbeing in Bengaluru and Patna slums. Environment and Urbanization, 34(1), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478211048778
- Fafchamps, M., Udry, C., & Czukas, K. (1998). Drought and saving in West Africa: Are livestock a buffer stock? Journal of Development Economics, 55(2), 273–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00037-6
- Giesbert, L., & Schindler, K. (2012). Assets, shocks, and poverty traps in rural Mozambique. World Development, 40(8), 1594–1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.002
- Haddad, L., & Ahmed, A. (2003). Chronic and transitory poverty: Evidence from Egypt, 1997-99. World Development, 31(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00180-8
- Hoddinott, J. (2006). Shocks and their consequences across and within households in rural Zimbabwe. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(2), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405501
- Hulme, D., Moore, K., & Shepherd, A. (2001). Chronic poverty: Meanings and analytical frameworks. CPRC Working Paper 2, Chronic Poverty Research Centre. https://www.chronicpoverty.org/uploads/publication_files/WP02_Hulme_et_al.pdf
- Hulme, D., & Shepherd, A. (2003). Conceptualizing chronic poverty. World Development, 31(3), 403–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00222-X
- Jalan, J., & Ravallion, M. (1998). Transient poverty in postreform rural China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 26(2), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1998.1526
- Jalan, J., & Ravallion, M. (2000). Is transient poverty different? Evidence for rural China. The Journal of Development Studies, 36(6), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380008422655
- Kannan, K. P., & Raveendran, G. (2011). India’s common people: The regional profile. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(38), 60–73.
- Kochhar, R. (2021). In the pandemic, India’s middle class shrinks and poverty spreads while China sees smaller changes, Pew Research Centre, March 18. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/in-the-pandemic-indias-middle-class-shrinks-and-poverty-spreads-while-china-sees-smaller-changes/
- Krishna, A. (2004). Escaping poverty and becoming poor: Who gains, who loses, and why? People’s assessments of stability and change in 35 north Indian villages. World Development, 32(1), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.08.002
- Krishna, A. (2010). One illness away: Why people become poor and how they escape poverty. Oxford University Press.
- Krishna, A., Lumonya, D., Markiewicz, M., Mugumya, F., Kafuko, A., & Wegoye, J. (2006). Escaping poverty and becoming poor in 36 villages of Central and Western Uganda. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(2), 346–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405634
- Kristjanson, P., Krishna, A., Radeny, M., Kuan, J., Quilca, G., Sanchez-Urrelo, A., & Leon-Velarde, C. (2007). Poverty dynamics and the role of livestock in the Peruvian Andes. Agricultural Systems, 94(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2006.09.009
- Kristjanson, P., Mango, N., Krishna, A., Radeny, M., & Johnson, N. (2010). Understanding poverty dynamics in Kenya. Journal of International Development, 22(7), 978–996. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1598
- Little, P. D., Stone, M. P., Mogues, T., Castro, A. P., & Negatu, W. (2006). ‘Moving in place’: Drought and poverty dynamics in South Wollo, Ethiopia. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(2), 200–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405287
- McKay, A., & Lawson, D. (2003). Assessing the extent and nature of chronic poverty in low income countries: Issues and evidence. World Development, 31(3), 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00221-8
- NCEUS. (2007). Report on conditions of work and promotion of livelihoods in the unorganized sector. National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector.
- Radeny, M., van den Berg, M., & Schipper, R. (2012). Rural poverty dynamics in Kenya: Structural declines and stochastic escapes. World Development, 40(8), 1577–1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.027
- Rönkkö, R., Rutherford, S., & Sen, K. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poor: Insights from the Hrishipara diaries. World Development, 149, 105689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105689
- Sherraden, M. (1991). Assets and the poor: A new American welfare policy. M.E. Sharpe.
- Sherraden, M. (2001). Assets and the poor: Implications for individual accounts and social security. Invited Testimony to the President’s Commission on Social Security. October 18, 2001. www.csss.gov/meetings/Sherraden_Testimony.pdf
- Suryahadi, A., & Sumarto, S. (2003). Poverty and vulnerability in Indonesia before and after the economic crisis. Asian Economic Journal, 17(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/1351-3958.00161
- Tavares, F. F., & Betti, G. (2021). The pandemic of poverty, vulnerability, and COVID-19: Evidence from a fuzzy multidimensional analysis of deprivations in Brazil. World Development, 139, 105307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105307
- Vaidyanathan, A. (2014). Some notes on the Indian economy in crisis: Assessments and prospects. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(24), 108–117.