Hong Kong and Singapore exchanges confront high frequency trading

References

• Ackworth, Will. 2014. “Commodity and Interest Rate Trading Push Trading Higher in 2013.” FIA Annual Volume Survey, Futures Industry Association. www.futuresindustry.com
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, A. 2012. High Frequency Trading: Evolution and Future. London: Capgemini.
   Google Scholar
• Algorithmic Trading Group. 2016. algorithmictradinggroup.com
   Google Scholar
• Allianz. 2016. http://www.allianzgi.com/
   Google Scholar
• Amico, Alissa. 2013. Privatisation and Demutualisation of MENA Stock Exchanges. OECD Working Paper, December 3. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2383282
   Google Scholar
• ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) 2014. Review of Recent Rule Changes Affecting Dark Liquidity. Report 394. Australian Securities and Investments Commission, May.
   Google Scholar
• Attwood, Alice. 2015. “China Europe to Launch on November 18.” Euromoney Institutional Investor, October 29.
   Google Scholar
• The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. 1992. Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• BATS Global Markets. 2016. http://www.batsglobalmarkets.com
   Google Scholar
• Beaverstock, Jonathan V. 2002. “Transnational Elites in Global Cities: British Expatriates in Singapore’s Financial District.” Geoforum 33 (4): 525–538.10.1016/S0016-7185(02)00036-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaverstock, Jonathan V., Sarah Hall, and Thomas Wainwright. 2013. “Servicing the Super-Rich: New Financial Elites and the Rise of the Private Wealth Management Retail Ecology.” Regional Studies 47 (6): 834–849.10.1080/00343404.2011.587795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begg, Ian. 1999. “Cities and Competitiveness.” Urban Studies 36 (5–6): 795–809.10.1080/0042098993222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, Holly A., and Harrison Searles. 2014. An Analysis of Global HFT Regulation: Motivations, Market Failures, and Alternative Outcomes. Working Paper No. 14–11 (April). Fairfax, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University.
   Google Scholar
• Blackrock. 2016. http://www.blackrock.com/
   Google Scholar
• “Brokers Caught in Tech Race.” 2015. The Australian, January 1.
   Google Scholar
• Budd, Leslie. 1995. “Globalisation, Territory and Strategic Alliances in Different Financial Centres.” Urban Studies 32 (2): 345–360.10.1080/00420989550013121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “Buying seen Easier than Selling in Hong Kong-Shanghai Link.” 2014. Traders Magazine, November 14.
   Google Scholar
• Camagni, Roberto. 2002. “On the Concept of Territorial Competitiveness: Sound or Misleading?” Urban Studies 39 (13): 2395–2411.10.1080/0042098022000027022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Career Jet. 2015a. Accessed March 25, 2015. careerjet.hk/high-frequency-trading-jobs
   Google Scholar
• Career Jet. 2015b. Accessed March 25, 2015. careerjet.hk/search/jobs?s=high+frequency+trading&l=singapore
   Google Scholar
• Chan, Ray. 2013. “HKEx Opens Stronger and Faster Computing Centre.” South China Morning Post, February 1.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, Beverly. 2015. “Dechert Assesses China’s Policy Response to Market Turbulence.” Institutional Asset Manager, October 6.
   Google Scholar
• CHI-X. 2016. http://www.chi-x.com
   Google Scholar
• “Cross-border Listings on the Rise.” 2013. The Edge Malaysia, January 28.
   Google Scholar
• Dakers, Marion. 2015. “Funds Swoop to Buy Cheap Stocks as Global Panic Slashes Values.” The Telegraph Online, August 29.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, Anita. 2013. “Singapore Calls on Beijing to Liberalise rmb Regulations.” Asiamoney, November.
   Google Scholar
• “Democratise Trade.” 2013. Financial Chronicle, May 5.
   Google Scholar
• Deveau, Denise. 2015. “The “Super-connector”; Hong Kong Plays Host to the Largest Off-shore Renminbi Trade in the World.” National Post (Canada) News, April 23, FP6.
   Google Scholar
• Doi, Noriyuki. 2015. “Dark Side to Price-Keeping: Shanghai Stock Turnover Sent Diving by Restrictions on Trading.” Nikkei Report, September 18.
   Google Scholar
• Durwood, Brian, and Nick Granny. 2013. “A Guide to the HFT Arms Race.” Wall Street & Technology, December 30.
   Google Scholar
• EIP Unveils China Equities-focused Quant Arbitrage Strategy. 2015. AsiaHedge, January 20.
   Google Scholar
• Engelen, Ewald, and Michael H. Grote. 2009. “Stock Exchange Virtualisation and the Decline of Second-Tier Financial Centres – The Cases of Amsterdam and Frankfurt.” Journal of Economic Geography 9 (5): 679–696.10.1093/jeg/lbp027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelen, Ewald, Martijn Konings, and Rodrigo Fernandez. 2010. “Geographies of Financialization in Disarray: The Dutch Case in Comparative Perspective.” Economic Geography 86 (1): 53–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulconbridge, James, Ewald Engelen, Michael Hoyler, and Jonathan Beaverstock. 2007. “Analysing the Changing Landscape of European Financial Centres: The Role of Financial Products and the Case of Amsterdam.” Growth and Change 38 (2): 279–303.10.1111/grow.2007.38.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “Financial Transaction Tax Tabled by European Commission.” 2013. Banking Newslink, February 15.
   Google Scholar
• “Flash Boys Welcome: World Exchanges Woo High-frequency Firms.” 2015. Traders Magazine Online, 1 (1): July 16.
   Google Scholar
• Foo, Alvin. 2013. “Speed Traders Want More Speed.” Straits Times (Singapore), May 18.
   Google Scholar
• “Foreign Investors Slam New Chinese Stock Trading Rules.” 2015. Asia Times, November 14.
   Google Scholar
• Frearson, Joanne. 2014. “NTT is the Data Gateway Where East Meets West.” CityAM, October 14.
   Google Scholar
• García-Herrero, Alicia. 2011. “Hong Kong as an International Banking Centre: Present and Future.” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 16 (3): 361–371.10.1080/13547860.2011.589627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge, Celine. 2015. “Mainland Hedge Funds Fret over Industry Shake-up.” South China Morning Post, October 10.
   Google Scholar
• Gismatullin, Eduard, and Sam Mamudi. 2015. “China and Clinton Agree: Traders Should Pay for Cancelled Orders.” Bloomberg, December 29.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman Sachs. 2016. http://www.goldmansachs.com/
   Google Scholar
• Grant, Jeremy. 2012. “HK Bourse Told Not to Dally on HFT.” Financial Times, May 8.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, Jeremy. 2013. “Singapore Set to Embrace HFT as Exchange Looks at Incentives.” Financial Times, October 30.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, Jeremy. 2014. “Singapore Warily Welcomes Big Market-makers to Bourse.” Financial Times, April 11.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, Jeremy. 2015. “SGX Names New Head of China Business.” Financial Times, February 11.
   Google Scholar
• Gregoriou, Greg N., ed. 2015. Handbook of High Frequency Trading. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gu, Wei. 2015. “Chinese Companies, Investors Move Money Back Home.” Dow Jones Institutional News, January 15.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Mitchell. 2013. “Inside Wall Street’s High-Frequency Trading Technology Arms Race.” PCMag.Com, September 25.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, Alex, Linda Lin, Fleur Ritzema, Shivani Singh, Ellie Wang, and Anna Xu. 2015. ““Malicious Short-Selling” Blamed for Low Base Metal Prices in China.” Metal Bulletin Daily, December 4.
   Google Scholar
• “High Frequency Trading Firm Virtu Financial Pursuing $314 mil IPO.” 2015. Investing.Com, April 6.
   Google Scholar
• “High Frequency Trading won’t Cause Material Impact on SH-HK Stock Connect.” 2014. AAStocks Financial News, June 13.
   Google Scholar
• Holland, Tom. 2013. Arguments for Keeping HK’s Stamp Duty Fail Close Scrutiny. South China Morning Post, November 1.
   Google Scholar
• “Hong Kong Bourse Completes LME Takeover.” 2012. Agence France Presse, December 6.
   Google Scholar
• HKEx (Hong Kong Exchanges). 2016. http://www.hkex.com.hk/
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Monetary Authority. 2015. Hong Kong: The Premier Offshore Renminbi Business Centre. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Monetary Authority. 2016. http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng
   Google Scholar
• Hope, Bradley. 2014. “Singapore Buys into High-Speed Firm.” Wall Street Journal Asia, December 9.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, Bradley. 2015. “Virtu IPO to Test Perceptions of High-speed Trading.” Wall Street Journal Financial News, April 16.
   Google Scholar
• Howie, Fraser. 2016. “New Year Brings Back Old Problems in China’s Markets.” Nikkei Report, January 7.
   Google Scholar
• HSBC. 2016. http://www.hsbc.com/
   Google Scholar
• Huff, W. G. 1994. The Economic Growth of Singapore. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511470714
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, Gregor S. 2015. “Hong Kong Steps up Scrutiny of “Dark-Pool” Trading.” Wall Street Journal, November 24.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchens, Gareth. 2013. “Learn to Live with Risks of High-Tech Trading, Says Gonski.” Canberra Times, March 26.
   Google Scholar
• Intercontinental Exchange. 2016. https://www.theice.com/
   Google Scholar
• Irrera, Anna. 2014. “SGX Beefs up Commodities Offering.” Financial News, September 6.
   Google Scholar
• Japan Stock Exchange. 2014. Analysis of High-Frequency Trading at Tokyo Stock Exchange. JPX Working Paper, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Penny. 2013. “NTT Opens Tier IV Data Centre for Hong Kong’s Financial Players.” Datacentre Dynamics, May 31.
   Google Scholar
• Karreman, Bas, and Bert van der Knaap. 2009. “The Financial Centres of Shanghai and Hong Kong: Competition or Complementarity.” Environment and Planning A 41 (3): 563–580.10.1068/a40230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karreman, Bas, and Bert van der Knaap. 2012. “The Geography of Equity Listing and Financial Centre Competition in Mainland China and Hong Kong.” Journal of Economic Geography 12 (4): 899–922.10.1093/jeg/lbr046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kentor, Jeffrey, Adam Sobek, and Michael Timberlake. 2011. “Interlocking Corporate Directorates and the Global City Hierarchy.” Journal of World-Systems Research 17 (2): 498–514.
   Google Scholar
• “Kevin Franklin Joins PFM Trading in Senior VP Role.” 2014. PR.Com, October 22.
   Google Scholar
• King, Frank H. H. 1987. The Hongkong Bank in Late Imperial China, 1864–1902: On an Even Keel. The History of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• King, Frank H. H. 1988. The Hongkong Bank in the Period of Imperialism and War, 1895–1918. The History of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• “KVH Partners with JPX to Expand Tokyo Stock Exchange’s Global Reach with Arrownet-Global.” 2014. Korea Newswire, December 16.
   Google Scholar
• Lamar, Mia, and Chao Deng. 2015. “China Crackdown on Citadel Shines Light on Foreign Firms.” Dow Jones Newswires Chinese, August 7.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Ashley. 2013. “Hong Kong Clamps Down on Electronic Trading.” IFLR, March 27.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Jamie. 2012. “SGX Buys Real-time Derivatives Report System.” Business Times Singapore, April 5.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Roger, and Ulrich Schmidt-Marwede. 1993. “Interurban Competition? Financial Centres and the Geography of Financial Production.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 17 (4): 492–515.10.1111/ijur.1993.17.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong, Grace. 2016. “Cautious Singapore Trading Likely This Week.” Straits Times (Singapore), January 11.
   Google Scholar
• “Leveraged ETF Trading Hits Historic High in Tokyo.” 2014. Nikkei Report, October 28.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, Michael. 2014. Flash Boys. New York: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Lhabitant, Francois-Serge, and Greg N. Gregoriou. 2015. “High-Frequency Trading: Past, Present, and Future.” In Handbook of High Frequency Trading, edited by Greg N. Gregoriou, 155–170. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Xiang. 2015. “Multiple Stock Accounts Allowed.” China Daily, April 14.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, Kenneth. 2014. “High Speeds, High Stakes.” Business Times Singapore, April 17.
   Google Scholar
• Liondis, George. 2012. “High-Speed Trading Troubles ASIC.” Australian Financial Review, March 30.
   Google Scholar
• Liondis, George. 2013. “Market Split on HFT Levy.” Australian Financial Review, March 7.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Cecily. 2014. “Europe Helps Boost Yuan Use Abroad.” China Daily (European Edition), September 26.
   Google Scholar
• London Stock Exchange Group. 2016. http://www.londonstockexchange.com/
   Google Scholar
• Love, Bruce. 2012. “HKEx Reaches for Start in Tech Transformation.” The Trade, May 1.
   Google Scholar
• Macintosh, Jeffrey G. 2015. “Revisioning Revisionism: A Glance at HFT’s Critics.” In Handbook of High Frequency Trading, edited by Greg N. Gregoriou, 123–153. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mak, Billy. 2012. “Knight Capital Incident, a Lesson for HK on High Frequency Trading Risks.” China Daily, Hong Kong Edition, August 8.
   Google Scholar
• “Manipulation Probe Launched into 18 A Shares.” 2014. China Daily Information Company, December 22.
   Google Scholar
• “MAS and CAD to Jointly Investigate Market Misconduct Offences.” 2015. Monetary Authority of Singapore, March 17.
   Google Scholar
• McCrank, John. 2015. “Electronic Trading Firm Virtu Financial Makes Inroads in China.” Reuters News, August 5.
   Google Scholar
• Mellow, Craig. 2014. “High Frequency Trading Gets a Mixed Reception in Emerging Markets.” Institutional Investor Magazine, June 9.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, David R. 2000. Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511493669
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, David R. 2009. “Hong Kong’s Transformation as a Financial Centre.” In Hong Kong SAR’s Monetary and Exchange Rate Challenges, edited by Catherine R. Schenk, 161–188. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, David R. 2014. “The Banking Networks of Asian Financial Centers.” In Handbook of Asian Finance: Financial Markets and Sovereign Wealth Funds, vol. 1, edited by David Lee Kuo Chuen, and Greg N. Gregoriou, 37–52. Oxford: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, David R. 2015. “The World Cities of Hong Kong and Singapore: Network Hubs of Global Finance.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 56 (3–4): 198–231.10.1177/0020715215608230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, David R., and George Guernsey. 2015. “Global Exchanges in the HFT Nexus.” In Handbook of High Frequency Trading, edited by Greg N. Gregoriou, 171–194. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• MAS (Monetary Authority of Singapore). 2016. http://www.mas.gov.sg/
   Google Scholar
• Munshi, Neil. 2013. “Asian Exchanges Tap Derivatives Demand.” Financial Times, November 6.
   Google Scholar
• “New Asia Holdings Completes the Acquisition of Magdallen Quant Pte Ltd.” 2015. PR Newswire, September 8.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, Grace. 2013. “More Chinese Firms Look Abroad to List.” Strait Times (Singapore), January 15.
   Google Scholar
• “NTT Com to Set Up Cutting-edge Data Centre in Hong Kong.” 2013. Nikkei Report, June 1.
   Google Scholar
• Okabe, Takanori. 2014. “Japan, US Companies Race to Build IT Infrastructure in Asia.” Nikkei Report, May 8.
   Google Scholar
• Overholt, W. H. 2011. “Hong Kong’s Financial Vitality Continues.” Hong Kong Journal 21: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Pang, Jaslene. 2013. “Nevigate: A Place in the Sun in the Land of Giants.” Business Times Singapore, December 24.
   Google Scholar
• Pauly, Louis W. 2011. “Hong Kong’s Financial Centre in a Regional and Global Context.” Hong Kong Journal 22: 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Perez, Bien. 2015. “Japan NTT: HK$4 Billion Data Centre Shot in Arm for Hong Kong’s Status as Global Financial Hub.” SCMP.Com, December 9.
   Google Scholar
• Poon, Jessie P. H. 2003. “Hierarchical Tendencies of Capital Markets among International Financial Centres.” Growth and Change 34 (2): 135–156.10.1111/grow.2003.34.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posadzki, Alexandra, and Brian McKenna. 2015. “World Markets Go into Tailspin.” Edmonton Journal, August 25.
   Google Scholar
• Price, Michelle. 2014. “SocGen Hires Two in Asia Cash Equities Push.” Financial News, February 19.
   Google Scholar
• Price, Michelle. 2015. “Hong Kong Watchdog Fines JPMorgan for Dark Pool, Control Failures.” Reuters News, December 15.
   Google Scholar
• Price, Michelle, and Pete Sweeney. 2015. “Behind Enemy Lines: Foreign Hedge Funds Thrive in China.” Reuters News, August 9.
   Google Scholar
• Propex. 2016. propex.net.au
   Google Scholar
• Pryke, Michael, and Roger Lee. 1995. “Place Your Bets: Towards an Understanding of Globalisation, Socio-Financial Engineering and Competition within a Financial Centre.” Urban Studies 32 (2): 329–344.10.1080/00420989550013112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puaar, Anish. 2013. “JPX Charts Course for Growth.” The Trade, March 27.
   Google Scholar
• Pyburn, Gareth. 2014. “(Update) Algorithmic Electronic Trading in Asia-Pacific: Legal and Regulatory Impediments to Growth.” Insight Legal Asia. Accessed October 17, 2014. www.insightlegalasia.com
   Google Scholar
• Raghuvanshi, G. 2014. “Singapore Exchange Ratchets up Competition.” Wall Street Journal, March 18.
   Google Scholar
• Reitman, Anna. 2016. “Technology is the Answer to China’s Market Woes, Not the Cause of Them.” Brokerage (Institutional FX), January 8.
   Google Scholar
• Ren, Daniel. 2015. “Approval Soon for Shenzhen Stock Link.” South China Morning Post Business, March 9: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Ren, Shuli. 2014a. “Shifts in MSCI Index Offer Possible Profits in Chinese Stocks.” Barron’s Online, October 31.
   Google Scholar
• Ren, Shuli. 2014b. “Hong Kong-Shanghai-Just Barely-connect.” Barron’s Online, November 21.
   Google Scholar
• Research Republic. 2008. The Future of Asian Financial Centres – Challenges and Opportunities for the City of London. Manchester: Research Republic.
   Google Scholar
• “SEBI Issues Rules for Algorithmic Trading.” 2012. Economic Times, March 31.
   Google Scholar
• SFC (Securities and Futures Commission). 2013. Consultation Conclusions on the Regulation of Electronic Trading. Hong Kong, May.
   Google Scholar
• Sender, Henny. 2015. “China’s Leverage-backed Markets Give a Warning Sign to US Investors.” Financial Times, August 1.
   Google Scholar
• “SGX Appoints New Equities Chief.” 2013. The Trade, April 20.
   Google Scholar
• Shabbir, Tayyeb. 2015. “High-Frequency Trading: Implications for Market Efficiency and Fairness.” In Handbook of High Frequency Trading, edited by Greg N. Gregoriou, 113–122. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Palak. 2014. “SEBI Wants Bourses to Provide a Level Playing Field for HFT Traders.” Economic Times, April 11.
   Google Scholar
• SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange). 2016. http://www.sse.com.cn/
   Google Scholar
• Sheng, Lim Wei. 2012. “Singapore Has Edge as Asian Metals Trade Hub.” Business Times Singapore Top Stories, May 28.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, Stephen D. 2011. “Who Owns the Stock Exchanges?” Investopedia, March 11.
   Google Scholar
• Singapore Diamond Investment Exchange. 2016. https://www.sdix.sg/
   Google Scholar
• SGX (Singapore Exchange). 2013. SGX Annual Report. Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• SGX (Singapore Exchange). 2016. http://www.sgx.com/
   Google Scholar
• Sivanithy, R. 2013. “SGX, Consult the Public on HFT.” Singapore Press Holdings, November 6.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Matthew. 2014. “The ASX is Not “rigged”.” Investor, April 1.
   Google Scholar
• Tata Communications. 2012. “Tata Communications Launches Global Low Latency Network to Accelerate High Frequency Trading. June 13.” Accessed October 18, 2014. www.tatacommunications.com
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Peter J. 2005. “Leading World Cities: Empirical Evaluations of Urban Nodes in Multiple Networks.” Urban Studies 42 (9): 1593–1608.10.1080/00420980500185504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenev, Vlad. 2014. “What is the Technology Stack Like Behind a High-Frequency Trading Platform.” Forbes, January 7.
   Google Scholar
• Tham, Engen. 2015. “China Arrests HK-Owned Fund Executives for Futures Manipulation.” Reuters News, November 6.
   Google Scholar
• Tomesco, Frederic, Ari Altstedter, and B. Loomberg. 2014. “Banks Race to Capitalize on Yuan Hub.” National Post’s Financial Post & FP Investing (Canada) Financial Post, November 11: C7.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, Stephanie. 2013. “Hong Kong Must Change Fund Rules to Compete.” Irish Independent Business, November 21: 16.
   Google Scholar
• Trader, Tiffany. 2014. “NY Attorney General Cracks Down on HFT Exchange Co-location.” EnterpriseTech DataCenter Edition, March 21.
   Google Scholar
• Tudor, Alison. 2012. “Asian Stock Trading Goes Electronic.” Wall Street Journal Europe. December 17.
   Google Scholar
• “US Congress Week: Hill to Ponder High Frequency Trading, Fed. 2014.” Market News International, July 7.
   Google Scholar
• “Virtu Announces Closing of Initial Public Offering Including Exercise in Full of Option to Purchase Additional Shares.” 2015. Cihan News Agency, April 22.
   Google Scholar
• Visione, Mondo. 2012. “Frequency Trading Needs of Global Traders.” Exchange News Direct, February 27.
   Google Scholar
• Waldmeir, Patti. 2015. “China Targets Automated Share Trading.” Financial Times. October 11.
   Google Scholar
• Watkins, Jonathan. 2014. “Regulating HFT “No Easy Task”, Says FCA’s Wheatley.” Euromoney Institutional Investor, June 5.
   Google Scholar
• White, Andrew. 2014. “ASX and Chi-X Trade Barbs on Competition.” The Australian, October 31.
   Google Scholar
• Wójcik, Darius. 2007. “Geography and the Future of Stock Exchanges: Between Real and Virtual Space.” Growth and Change 38 (2): 200–223.10.1111/grow.2007.38.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wójcik, Darius. 2011. The Global Stock Market. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592180.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• World Federation of Exchanges. 2002–2014. www.world-exchanges.org/
   Google Scholar
• Xueqing, Jiang. 2014. “Sydney Becomes the Latest Renminbi Hub.” China Daily, November 18.
   Google Scholar
• Yeow, Goh Eng. 2012. “SGX Cautious about High-Speed Trades.” Straits Times (Singapore), September 21.
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, Henry Wai-chung, Jessie Poon, and Martin Perry. 2001. “Towards a Regional Strategy: The Role of Regional Headquarters of Foreign Firms in Singapore.” Urban Studies 38 (1): 157–183.10.1080/00420980020014866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yiu, Enoch. 2012. “HKEx Gears up to Bring Bourse into the Fast Lane.” South China Morning Post News, March 9: 3.
   Google Scholar
• Yiu, Enoch. 2015a. “HK-Shenzhen Trading Scheme on Fast Track.” South China Morning Post Business, February 3.
   Google Scholar
• Yiu, Enoch. 2015b. “Hong Kong to Continue Its Push as Trading Hub for Commodities and China Stocks, Says HKEx’s Li.” SCMP.Com, December 15.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, Zhang, Yue Yue, Caiping Liu, and Hongyuan Wu. 2015. “Futures Trader Faces Scrutiny over Gains from High-Frequency Trading.” Caixin Online, November 12.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Wa. 2015. “Stock Price Gap Drives Mainland Funds to HK.” China Daily, April 15.
   Google Scholar
• Z/Yen. 2007-2015. Z/Yen Global Financial Centre Index. http://www.zyen.com
   Google Scholar