Managing excellence in USA Major League Soccer: an analysis of the relationship between player performance and salary

REFERENCES

• Andrews , D. 1999 . Contextualizing suburban soccer: consumer culture, lifestyle differentiation and suburban America . Culture, Sport, Society , 2 : 31 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Berri , D. J. and Schmidt , M. B. 2006 . On the road with the National Basketball Association's superstar externality . Journal of Sports Economics , 7 ( 4 ) : 347 – 358 .
   Google Scholar
• Depken , C. A. 2000 . Wage disparity and team productivity: evidence from Major League Baseball . Economics Letters , 67 : 87 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSchriver , T. D. 2007 . Much Adieu about Freddy: Freddy Adu and attendance in Major League Soccer . Journal of Sport Management , 21 ( 3 ) : 438 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , S. and Gerrard , B. 1999 . The determination of player transfer fees in English professional soccer . Journal of Sport Management , 13 ( 4 ) : 259 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , S. and Goddard , J. 2001 . The Economics of Football , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eschweiler , M. and Vieth , M. 2004 . Preisdeterminanten bei Spielertransfers in der FuBball- Bundesliga . Zeitschrifti fur Betriebswirtschaft , 64 : 671 – 692 .
   Google Scholar
• Eviews 6 User's Guide II (2007) Quantitative Micro Software, LLC, Irvine, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2008 . Who's Your City: How the Creative Economy is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Foer , F. 2004 . How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization , New York : HarperCollins Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Forrest , D. and Simmons , R. 2002 . Outcome uncertainty and attendance demand in sport: the case of English soccer . The Statistician , 51 ( 2 ) : 229 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Frick , B. 2006 . “ Salary determination and the pay–performance relationship in professional soccer: evidence from Germany ” . In Sports Economics after Fifty Years: Essays in Honour of Simon Rottenberg , Edited by: Rodriguez , P. , Kesenne , S. and Garcia , J. 125 – 146 . Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo .
   Google Scholar
• Frick , B. and Lehmann , E. 2001 . “ Die Kosten der externen Rekrutierung qualifizierten Personals: Empirische Evidenz aus dem professionellen FuBball ” . In Entlohnung, Arbeitsorganisation und personalpolitische Regulierung , Edited by: Backes-Gellner , U. , Kräkel , M. and Sadowski , D. 243 – 263 . Munich : Rainer Hampp Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-del-Barrio, P. and Pujol, F. (2004) Pay and performance in the Spanish soccer league: who gets the expected monopsony rents? Working Paper No. 05/04, Universidad de Navarra.
   Google Scholar
• Gerrard , B. 2011 . “ Applying moneyball principles to European soccer ” . In Contemporary Sport Management , fourth edition , Edited by: Pedersen , P. , Parks , J. , Quarterman , J. and Thibault , L. 426 – 427 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Giulianotti , R. 1999 . Football: A Sociology of the Global Game , Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Giulianotti , R. and Robertson , R. 2009 . Globalization and Football , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Haas , D. J. 2003 . Technical efficiency in the Major League Soccer . Journal of Sports Economics , 4 ( 3 ) : 203 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. , Szymanski , S. and Zimbalist , A. 2002 . Testing causality between team performance and payroll: the case of Major League Baseball and English Soccer . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 ( 2 ) : 149 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Haughton , J. and Khandker , S. 2009 . Handbook on Poverty and Inequality , Washington , DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Hausman , J. A. and Leonard , G. K. 1997 . Superstars in the National Basketball Association: Economic value and policy . Journal of Labor Economics , 15 ( 4 ) : 586 – 624 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubl , L. and Swieter , D. 2002 . Der Spielermarkt in der Fuball-Bundesliga. Zeitschrift fur Betriebswirtschaft, Erganzungsheft . Sportokonomie , 4 : 105 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuethe , T. H. and Motamed , M. 2010 . Returns to stardom: evidence from U.S. Major League Soccer . Journal of Sports Economics , 11 ( 5 ) : 567 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuper , S. and Szymanski , S. 2009 . Soccernomics , Philadelphia , PA : Nation Books .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S. and Harris , J. 2010 . An analysis of the relationship between player performance and salary in Major League Soccer . International Journal of Sport Management , 11 ( 3 ) : 360 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann , E. and Weigand , J. 1999 . Determinanten der Entlohnung von Profifuballspielern: Eine empirische analyse fur die deutsche Bundesliga . Betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung und Praxix , 51 : 124 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , M. 2003 . Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Lucifora , C. and Simmons , R. 2003 . Superstar effects in sports: evidence from Italian Soccer . Journal of Sports Economics , 4 : 33 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Major League Soccer (2010) Available at http://web.mlsnet.com/index.jsp, accessed 16 October 2010
   Google Scholar
• Markovits , A. and Hellerman , S. 2001 . Offside: Soccer and American Exceptionalism , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Markovits , A. and Hellerman , S. 2004 . “ Women's soccer in the United States: yet another American exceptionalism? ” . In Soccer, Women, Sexual Liberation , Edited by: Hong , F. and Mangan , J. 14 – 29 . London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Mendenhall , W. and Sincich , T. 2003 . A Second Course in Statistics: Regression Analysis , sixth edition , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Quirk , J. P. and Fort , R. D. 1999 . Hard Ball: The Abuse of Power in Pro Team sports , Princeton , NJ : The Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Satterlee , T. 2001 . Making soccer a ‘kick in the grass’: the media's role in promoting a marginal sport, 1975–1977 . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 35 ( 3 ) : 305 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Scully , G. W. 1995 . The Market Structure of Sports , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scully , G. W. 2002 . The distribution of performance and earnings in a prize economy . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 ( 3 ) : 235 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Scully , G. W. 2004 . Player salary share and the distribution of player earnings . Managerial and Decision Economics , 25 : 77 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Seiler , M. J. 2004 . Performing Financial Studies: A Methodological Cookbook , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Pearson Education, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Southall , R. and Nagel , M. 2007 . “ Marketing professional soccer in the United States: The successes and failures of MLS and the WUSA ” . In Marketing and Football: An International Perspective , Edited by: Desbordes , M. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski , S. and Kuypers , T. 1999 . Winners and Losers: The Business Strategy of Football , London : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski , S. and Zimbalist , A. 2005 . National Pastime: How Americans Play Baseball and the Rest of the World Plays Soccer , Washington , DC : The Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , J. , Hill , J. and Lee , J. 2009 . The multiple brand personalities of David Beckham: a case study of the Beckham brand . Sport Marketing Quarterly , 18 : 173 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Wahl , G. 2009 . The Beckham Experiment , New York : Three Rivers Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waldstein , D. and Wagg , S. 1995 . “ Unamerican acivity? Football in US and Canadian society ” . In Giving the Game Away , Edited by: Wagg , S. London : Leicester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wangerin , D. 2008 . Soccer in a Football World , Philadelphia , PA : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , R. and Pickett , K. 2010 . The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always do Better , London : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Zimbalist , A. 1992 . “ Salaries and performance: Beyond the Scully model ” . In Diamonds are Forever: The Business of Baseball , Edited by: Sommers , P. 109 – 133 . Washington , DC : The Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Zimbalist , A. 2002 . Competitive balance in sports leagues: An introduction . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 : 111 – 121 .
   Google Scholar