523
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Fiscal implications of moving to tourism finance for parks: Ontario Provincial Parks

References

  • Athanas, A., Vorhies, F., Ghersi, F., Shadie, P., & Shultis, J. (2001). Guidelines for financing protected areas in east Asia. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • Bushell, R., & McCool, S. F. (2007). Tourism as a tool for conservation and support of protected areas: Setting the Agenda. In R. Bushell & P. F. J. Eagles (Eds.), Tourism and protected areas: Benefits beyond boundaries (pp. 12–26). Wallingford, UK: Cabi.
  • Crompton, J. (1999). Financing and acquiring park and recreation resources. Campaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Drumm, A. (2007). Tourism-based revenue generation for conservation. In R. Bushell & P. F. J. Eagles (Eds.), Tourism and protected areas: Benefits beyond boundaries (pp. 191–209). Wallingford, UK: Cabi.
  • Eagles, P. F. J. (1995). Tourism and Canadian parks: Fiscal relationships. Managing Leisure, 1(1), 16–27. doi: 10.1080/136067195376547
  • Eagles, P. F. J. (2003). International trends in park tourism: The emerging role of finance. The George Wright Forum, 20(1), 25–57.
  • Eagles, P. F. J., & Bandoh, G. A. A. (2009). Visitor and tourism management in Algonquin park: The past, present and future. In D. Euler & M. Wilton (Eds.), Algonquin park: The human impact (pp. 76–139). Spring Bay, ON: Algonquin Ecowatch.
  • Eagles, P. F. J., van Hemessen, W., & Legault, M. (2013). Advance booking behaviour of park visitors: Ontario provincial parks. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 22, 832–850.
  • Eagles, P. F. J., & McCool, S. F. (2002). Tourism in national parks and protected areas: Planning and management. Wallingford, England: CABI.
  • Eagles, P. F. J., McCool, S. F., & Haynes, C. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management. Gland, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme, World Tourism Organization and World Conservation Union.
  • Emerton, L., Bishop, J., & Thomas, L. (2005). Sustainable financing of protected areas: A global review of challenges and opportunities. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • Environmental Commissioner of Ontario (ECO). (2007). Doing less with less. Toronto, ON: Author.
  • Environmental Commissioner of Ontario (ECO). (2011). Engaging solutions. Toronto, ON: Author.
  • Halpenny, E. (2007). Financing parks through marketing: Ontario parks. In R. Bushell & P. F. J. Eagles (Eds.), Tourism and protected areas: Benefits beyond boundaries (pp. 277–300). Wallingford, UK: Cabi.
  • Killan, G. (1993). Protected places: A history of Ontario‘s provincial park system. Toronto, ON: Dundurn Press.
  • Laforet, J. (2012). McGuinty‘s plan to reduce Ontario‘s $16-billion Deficit. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/john-laforet/mcguinty-ontario-budget_b_1232470.html
  • Landrum, N. C. (1999). America's state parks—An end-of-century assessment. In H. K. Cordell (Ed.), Outdoor recreation in American Life: A national assessment of demand and supply trends (pp. 112–115). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
  • McLean, D. D., Hurd, A., Beggs, B., & Chavez, D. (2000). Strategic influence scanning: A decade of trends in state parks. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University State Park Information Resources Center.
  • Moos, R. (2002). Ontario parks – A successful business operating model. PARKS, 12(1), 17–25.
  • More, T. (2007). The privatization of public lands. In R. Burns & K. Robinson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2006 northeastern recreation research symposium, Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-14, Newtown Square, PA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp. 135–141.
  • New York Times. (2011). In state parks, the sharpest ax is the budget’s. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/07/us/07parks.html
  • Ontario Government. (2012). Natural resources moves forward with transformation plan. Retrieved from http://news.ontario.ca/mnr/en/2012/09/natural-resources-moves-forward-with-transformation-plan.html
  • Ontario Parks. (2011a). State of Ontario’s protected areas report. Peterborough, Ontario: Queen's Printer.
  • Ontario Parks. (2011b). Ontario provincial parks statistics. Peterborough, Ontario: Queen's Printer.
  • Ontario Parks. (2011c). Camping fees. Retrieved from http://www.parkreports.com/fees/camping/2011
  • Ontario Parks. (2011d). Roofed accommodation fees. Retrieved from http://www.parkreports.com/fees/roofed/2011
  • Ontario Parks. (2011e). Welcome to Learn to Camp @ Ontario Parks. Retrieved from http://www.ontarioparks.com/learntocamp/
  • Ontario Parks. (2012). Ontario parks 2008 reservation statistics by zone, Unpublished spreadsheet. Peterborough, ON: Author.
  • Parks Canada. (2011). Learn to camp. Retrieved from http://www.pc.gc.ca/voyage-travel/ltc-dlc/index.aspx
  • Phillips, A. (Ed.). (2000). Financing protected areas: Guidelines for protected area managers. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • Queensland Department of the Environment. (2000). Benchmarking and best practice program: User pays revenue. ANZECC Working Group on National Parks and Protected Areas Management. Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service.
  • Reiling, S., & Cheng, H. (1994). Potential revenues from a new day-use fee. In G. Vander Stoep (Ed.). Proceedings of the 1994 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-198, Newtown Square, PA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp. 57–60.
  • Revised Statutes of Ontario. (2006). Provincial parks and conservation reserves act, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.e-Laws.gov.on.ca
  • Sacramento CBS. (2011). 70 state parks to close due to budget cuts. Retrieved from http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2011/05/13/budgets-cuts-to-close-70-california-state-parks/
  • SANParks. (2011). South African National Parks (SANParks) Annual Report 2010/11. Retrieved from http://www.sanparks.org
  • Spergel, G. (2001). Raising revenues for protected areas: A menu of options. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund.
  • Statistics Canada. (2012). Consumer price index, historical summary (1992 to 2011). Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ46a-eng.htm
  • Van Sickle, K., & Eagles, P. F. J. (1998). User fees and pricing policies in Canadian senior park agencies. Tourism Management, 19(3), 225–235. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00017-X
  • Verweij, P. (2004). Increasing revenues for protected areas: A wealth of financing options. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter.
  • Walls, M. (2009). Parks and recreation in the United States: State park systems. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.