REFERENCES
- Bose, S., & Ponnam, A. (2011). Country of origin effect on services: An evaluation of entertainment. Managing Leisure, 16(2), 98–107. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2011.559089
- Butler, R. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x
- Doteuchi, A. (2003, January). The changing face of suburban new towns – Seeking the “slow life” for an ultra-aging society. Social Development research group by NLI Research.
- Dwyer, L., & Chulwon, K. (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369–414. doi: 10.1080/13683500308667962
- Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Qualitative methods in business research. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Fyrberg, A., & Jüriado, R. (2009). What about interaction?: Networks and brands as integrators within service-dominant logic. Journal of Service Management, 20(4), 420–432.
- Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & Garcia, H. C. (2002). Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56–78. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
- Gallup, J. W. (1999). Wellness centers: A guide for the design professional. New York, NY: J. Wiley and Sons.
- Girginov, V., & Sandanski, I. (2008). Understanding the changing nature of sports organisations in transforming societies. Sport Management Review, 11(1), 21–50. doi: 10.1016/S1441-3523(08)70102-5
- Haryopratomo, A., Kos, S., Samtani, L., Subramanian, S., & Verjee, J. (2011). The Dubai Tourism Cluster from the Desert to the Dream. Retrieved August 20, 2012, from http://www.isc.hbs.edu/pdf/Student_Projects/UAE_(Dubai)_Tourism_2011.pdf
- Henderson, J. C., Chee, L., Mun, C. N., & Lee, C. (2011). Shopping, tourism and retailing in Singapore. Managing Leisure, 16(19), 36–48. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2011.532599
- Hernandez, T., & Jones, K. (2005). Downtowns in transition: Emerging business improvement area strategies. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(11), 789–805.
- Ibrahim, M. F., & Wee, N. C. (2002). The importance of entertainment in the shopping center experience: Evidence from Singapore. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 8(3), 239–254.
- ICSC Shopping Center Definitions. (2004). Basic configurations and types for the United States. Retrieved August 20, 2012, from http://restorus.org/sites/default/files/SC_Definitions.pdf
- Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 602–611. doi: 10.2307/2392366
- Krešić, D., & Prebežac, D. (2010). Index of destination attractiveness as a tool for destination attractiveness assessment. Tourism, 59(4), 497–517.
- Kylänen, M., & Rusko, R. (2011). Unintentional coopetition in the service industries: The case of Pyhä-Luosto tourism destination in the Finnish Lapland. European Management Journal, 29, 193–205. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2010.10.006
- Kytömäki, M., & Moisanen, A. (2007). Summer travellers at Sotkamo – Vuokatti area in 2006 (in Finnish). Thesis in University of Applied Sciences, Kajaani.
- Leiper, N. (1990). Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 367–384. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(90)90004-B
- Levi. (2012, January 8). Home page. Welcome to Levi in Lapland! Retrieved from http://www.levi.fi/en/home.html
- Lew, A. A. (1987). A framework of tourist attraction research. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(4), 553–575.
- Little, D. (2006). MAIN STREET goes MAINSTREAM. Journal of Property Management, 71(69), 34–37.
- Littrell, M., Paige, R., & Song, K. (2004). Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviours. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(4), 348–362. doi: 10.1177/135676670401000406
- Lo, A. (2007). A study on the impact of a bundle of determinants on the shopping and visiting intentions of tourists: An extension of the theory of reasoned action (Doctoral dissertation). Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University.
- Lumsdon Les, M., & McGrath, P. (2011). Developing a conceptual framework for slow travel: A grounded theory approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 265–279. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2010.519438
- Luosto (2012, January 8). Tervetuloa Luostolle! Retrieved from http://www.luosto.fi/
- Moscardo, G. (2004). Shopping as a destination attraction: An empirical examination of the role of shopping in tourists’ destination choice and experience. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(4), 294–307. doi: 10.1177/135676670401000402
- Murphy, P., Pritchard, M., & Brock Smith, B. (2000). The destination product and its impact on traveller perceptions. Tourism Management, 21(1), 43–52. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00080-1
- Oh, Y.-J. (2007, August). An exploration of tourism shopping. A dissertation submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University.
- Oh, Y.-J., Cheng, C.-K., Lehto, X., & O'Leary, J. (2004). Predictors of tourists’ shopping behaviour: Examination of socio-demographic characteristics and trip typologies. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(4), 308–319. doi: 10.1177/135676670401000403
- Ono, M. (2008). Long-stay tourism and international retirement migration: Japanese retirees in Malaysia, in Yamashita et al., eds. Transnational Migration in East Asia. Senri Ethnological Reports 77, 151–162.
- Ordanini, A., & Pasini, P. (2008). Service co-production and value-creation: The case for a service-oriented architecture (SOA). European Management Journal, 26(5), 289–297. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2008.04.005
- Padilla, C., & Estlick, M. (2009). Exploring urban retailing and CBD revitalization strategies. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 37(1), 7–23. doi: 10.1108/09590550910927135
- Partridge, M. D., & Rickman, D. S. (2006). The geography of American poverty: Is there a need for place-based policies? Kalamazoo, MI: The W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Michigan.
- Perry, C., & Gummesson, E. (2004). Action research in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 38(3/4), 310–320. doi: 10.1108/03090560410518567
- Pettigrew, A., Ferlie, E., & McKee, L. (1992). Shaping strategic change: making change in large organizations, the case of the National Health Service. Sage: London.
- Pyhä. (2012, January 8). Tervetuloa Pyhälle! Retrieved from http://www.pyha.fi/
- Robertson, K. (1999). Can small-city downtowns remain viable? A national study of development issues and strategies. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(3), 270–283. doi: 10.1080/01944369908976057
- Robertson, K. (2004). The main street approach to downtown development: An examination of the four-point program. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 21(1), 55–73.
- Ruka. (2012, August 20). Luonnon oma huvipuisto. Retrieved from http://www.ruka.fi/
- Rusko, R., Kylänen, M., & Saari, R. (2009). Supply chain in tourism destinations. The case of Levi resort in Finnish Lapland. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 71–87. doi: 10.1002/jtr.677
- Saariselkä. (2012, August 14). Saariselän laskettelukeskus. Retrieved from http://www.saariselka.com/matkailijalle/harrastajille/laskettelu/laskettelijat
- Saraniemi, S. (2010). Destination brand identity development and value system. Tourism Review, 65(2), 52–60. doi: 10.1108/16605371011061624
- Saraniemi, S., & Kylänen, M. (2011). Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of Travel Research, 50(2), 133–143. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362775
- Smith, S. L. J. (1994). The tourism product. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 582–595. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(94)90121-X
- Suomen, K. (2012, August 20). Kauppakeskukset 2012. Retrieved from http://www.rakli.fi/kky/attachements/2012–04-19T11-35-3165.pdfn
- Thomas, I. (2006). The Mall as Resort. Retail centers take cues from resorts. U R B A N LA N D August, 107–109.
- Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York: Batman Books.
- Tourism facts in Lapland. (2011). Statistical review. Retrieved August 14, 2012, from http://www.lapinliitto.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=20782andname=DLFE-11816.pdf
- Vargo, S. L., Maglio, P. P., & Akaka, M. A. (2008). On value and value co-creation: A service systems and service logic perspective. European Management Journal, 26(3), 145–152. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2008.04.003
- Vuokatti. (2012, January 8). Vuokatti. Retrieved from http://www.vuokatti.fi/fi/etusivu/
- Westwood, S. (2006). Shopping in sanitised and un-sanitised spaces: Adding value to tourist experiences. Journal of Retail and Leisure Property, 5(4), 281–291. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.rlp.5100033
- Yan, R.-Y., & Eckman, M. (2009). Are lifestyle centres unique? Consumers’ perceptions across locations. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 37(1), 24–42. doi: 10.1108/09590550910927144
- Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
- Ylläs. (2012, January 8). Seitsemän tunturin taikaa Retrieved from http://www.yllas.fi/
- Zhang, X., Haiyan Song, H., & Huang, G. (2009). Tourism supply chain management: A new research agenda. Tourism Management, 30(3), 345–358. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.010