835
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Local implementation of national policy: a case-study critique of the Free Swimming Initiative for the 60 plus population

, , &

REFERENCES

  • Adams, L., & West, S. (2006). Age concern: Just above the breadline – living on a low income in later life. London: Age Concern.
  • Almond, L. (2010). Physical activity promoting health: What should we do? In M. Collins (Ed.), Examining sports development (pp. 225–241). London: Routledge.
  • Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council/Gwent Health Authority. (2002). Health and social needs in Blaenau Gwent County Borough. Ebbw Vale: BGCBC.
  • Blaenau Gwent Local Health Board. (2005). Healthier future. Blaenau Gwent: Author.
  • Blaenau Gwent Local Health Board. (2007). A better future for health and social care in Blaenau Gwent. Abertillery: Author.
  • Bolton, N., Fleming, S., & Elias, B. (2008). The experience of community sport development: A case study of Blaenau Gwent. Managing Leisure, 13(2), 92–103. doi: 10.1080/13606710801933446
  • Bolton, N., & Martin, S. (2013). The policy and politics of free swimming. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 5(3), 445–463. doi: 10.1080/19406940.2012.656689
  • Bolton, N., Martin, S., Anderson, M., Smith, B., & Jennings, C. (2008). Free swimming: An evaluation of the Welsh Assembly Government's initiative. Cardiff: Sports Council for Wales.
  • Bolton, N., Smith, B., Jennings, C., & Anderson, M. (2005). Evaluation of WAG's free swim initiative 2004–2007 – second interim report. Cardiff: InVEST, UWIC.
  • Booth, F. W., Gordon, S. E., Carlson, C. J., & Hamilton, M. T. (2000). Waging war on modern chronic diseases: Primary prevention through exercise biology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(2), 774–787.
  • Bradbury, J. (2005). Devolution: Between governance and territorial politics. Parliamentary Affairs, 58, 287–302. doi: 10.1093/pa/gsi023
  • Brittain, I. (2010). Disability and ageing – convergent life paths? In B. Humberstone (Ed.), When I grow old … third age and leisure research: Principles and practice (pp. 49–58). Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association.
  • Carter, P. (2005). Review of national sport effort and resources. London: Sport England.
  • Coalter, F. (2002). Let's make Scotland more active – entrance charges and participation: A review of evidence. Edinburgh: Centre for Leisure Research.
  • Coalter, F. (2010, September). What is sport? What is development? Fuzzy snapshots and clear videos. Unpublished paper presented at Sport for sport? Conference, University of Hertfordshire.
  • Collins, M. (2008). Public policies on sports development: Can mass and elite sport hold together? In V. Griginov (Ed.), Management of sport development (pp. 59–87). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Collins, M. F., & Kay, T. (2003). Sport and social exclusion. London: Routledge.
  • Cutler-Riddick, C. (2010). Gerentology-leisure research: The past and the future. In B. Humberstone (Ed.), When I grow old … third age and leisure research: Principles and practice (pp. 1–20). Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association.
  • Deeming, C. (2009). ‘Active ageing’ in practice: A case study in East London, UK. Policy & Politics, 37(1), 93–111. doi: 10.1332/030557309X397946
  • Department of Health. (2004). At least five a week: Evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health – a report from the chief medical officer. London: Author.
  • Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, The Scottish Parliament, Welsh Government and the Department of Health. (2011). Start active, stay active: A report on physical activity for health from the four home countries' Chief Medical Officers. London: Department of Health.
  • Finch, H. (1997). Physical activity ‘at our age’ – qualitative research among people over the age of 50. London: Health Education Authority.
  • Green, B. C. (2008). Sport as an agent for social and personal change. In V. Griginov (Ed.), Management of sport development (pp. 129–145). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Greer, S. (2004). Four way bet: How devolution has led to four different models for the NHS. London: The Constitution Unit.
  • Hardman, A., & Stensel, D. (2003). Physical activity and health – the evidence explained. London: Routledge.
  • Henderson, K. A., & Rannells, J. S. (1988). Widows in retirement communities: The social context of subjective well-being. The Gerontologist, 34(3), 347–352.
  • Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (2002). The qualitative researcher's companion. London: Sage.
  • Humberstone, B. (Ed.). (2010). When I grow old … third age and leisure research: Principles and practice. Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association.
  • Jackson, E. L. (2000). Will research on leisure constraints still be relevant in the twenty-first century? Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 62–68.
  • Jackson, E. L., Crawford, D., & Godbey, G. (1993). Negotiation of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 15(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01490409309513182
  • Kenway, P., Parsons, N., Carr, J., & Palmer, G. (2005). Monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Wales. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • King, A., Rejeski, W., & Buchner, D. (1998). Physical activity interventions targeting older adults. A critical review and recommendationsj. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 15, 316–333.
  • Lister, R. (2007). From object to subject: Including marginalised citizens in policy making. Policy and Politics, 35(3), 437–455. doi: 10.1332/030557307781571579
  • Local Government Data Unit. (2011). Welsh Assembly Government – free swimming initiative data summary report, data up to September 2010. Cardiff: Author.
  • Local Government Data Unit. (2013). Pool overview area: Abertillery sports centre geography: Swimming pool. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://www.freeswimmingwales.net/IAS/themes/freeswimming/60yearsandover/profile?profileId=293
  • Long, J. (2004). Sport and the ageing population: Do older people have a place in driving up participation in sport? In Sport England (Ed.), Driving up participation: The challenge for sport (pp. 26–36). London: Sport England.
  • New Policy Institute. (2009). Monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Wales 2009. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Nichols, G., & Robinson, L. (2000). The process of best value – further lessons from the leisure pilots. Melton Mowbray: Institute of Sport and Recreation Management.
  • Osmond, J. (2010). Adding life to years: Welsh policy approaches to ageing. Cardiff: Institute of Welsh Affairs.
  • Phoenix & Grant. (2009). Expanding the agenda for research on the physically active aging body. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 17(3), 362–379.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78. doi: 10.1353/jod.1995.0002
  • Raynes, N., Clark, H., & Beecham, J. (2006). The report of the older people's inquiry into ‘that bit of help’. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Roberts, K. (1999). Leisure in contemporary society. Oxford: CABI.
  • Robson, S., & McKenna, J. (2013). Sport and health. In K. Hylton (Ed.), Sport development: Policy, process and practice (pp. 172–192). London: Routledge.
  • Rowe, N., Adams, R., & Beasley, N. (2004). Driving up participation in sport – the social context, the trends, the prospects and the challenges. London: Sport England.
  • Sasidharan, V., Payne, L., Orsega-Smith, E., & Godbey, G. (2006). Older adults’ physical activity participation and perceptions of wellbeing: Examining the role of social support for leisure. Managing Leisure, 11, 164–185. doi: 10.1080/13606710600715242
  • Short, K. R., & Joyner, M. J. (2002). Activity, obesity, and type II diabetes. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30(2), 51–52. doi: 10.1097/00003677-200204000-00001
  • Social Exclusion Unit. (2005). Excluded older people: Social exclusion unit interim report. London: Author.
  • Sports Council for Wales. (2005). Adult sport participation in 2002–03, sports update: 57. Cardiff: Author.
  • Sports Council for Wales. (2006). Adult participation in sport: Headline figures for local authorities in Wales. A comparison of results in 2004/05 with results from 2002/03. Cardiff: Author.
  • Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2001). Planning and the national assembly for Wales: Generating distinctiveness and inclusiveness in a new political context. European Planning Studies, 9, 553–562.
  • Thurston, M., & Green, K. (2004). Adherence to exercise in later life: How can exercise on prescription programmes be made more effective? Health Promotion International, 19(3), 379–387. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dah311
  • Tomassini, C. (2006). Population trends – the oldest old in Great Britain: Change over the last 20 years. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved June 23, 2006, from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/population_trends/PT123Tomassini.pdf
  • Wales Audit Office. (2007). Increasing physical activity. Cardiff: Author.
  • Wantanabe, E., Okada, A., Takeshima, N., & Inomata, K. (2001). Effects of increasing expenditure of energy during exercise on psychological well-being in older adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 288–298. doi: 10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.288
  • Warburton, D., Nicol, C., & Bredin, S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801–809. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.051351
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2003). The strategy for older people in Wales. Cardiff: Author.
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2004). Health challenge Wales. Cardiff: Author.
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2005a). Climbing higher: The Welsh Assembly Government strategy for sport and physical activity. Cardiff: Author.
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2005b). Welsh Assembly Government Free Swimming 2005–06 criteria and guidance. Cardiff: Author.
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2005c). Healthy ageing action plan for Wales. Cardiff: Author.
  • Welsh Assembly Government. (2009). Creating an active Wales. Cardiff: Author.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.