379
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Psychological distress and its correlates in older care-dependent persons living at home

, , &
Pages 319-327 | Received 24 Apr 2008, Accepted 05 Oct 2008, Published online: 29 May 2009

References

  • Antonovsky , A . 1987 . Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well , San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Antonovsky , A . 1996 . The sense of coherence – An historical and future perspective. (Reprinted from Sense of coherence and resiliency: Stress, coping and health, 1994.) . Israel Journal of Medical Sciences , 32 ( 3–4 ) : 170 – 178 .
  • Baltes , PB . 1997 . On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny – Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory . American Psychologist , 52 ( 4 ) : 366 – 380 .
  • Baltes , MM and Carstensen , LL . 1996 . The process of successful ageing . Ageing and Society , 16 : 397 – 422 .
  • Bandura , A . 1977 . Self-efficacy—Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change . Psychological Review , 84 ( 2 ) : 191 – 215 .
  • Benyamini , Y and Idler , EL . 1999 . Community studies reporting association between self-rated health and mortality—Additional studies, 1995 to 1998 . Research on Aging , 21 ( 3 ) : 392 – 401 .
  • Bisschop , MI , Knegsman , DMW , Beekman , ATF and Deeg , DJH . 2004 . Chronic diseases and depression: The modifying role of psychosocial resources . Social Science & Medicine , 59 ( 4 ) : 721 – 733 .
  • Blazer , DG . 2003 . Depression in late life: Review and commentary . Journals of Gerontology Series A – Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , 58 ( 3 ) : 249 – 265 .
  • Blazer , D , Hughes , DC and George , LK . 1987 . The epidemiology of depression in an elderly community population . Gerontologist , 27 ( 3 ) : 281 – 287 .
  • Bondevik , M and Skogstad , A . 1998 . The oldest old, ADL, social network, and loneliness . Western Journal of Nursing Research , 20 ( 3 ) : 325 – 343 .
  • Bowling , A . 1990 . The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among people aged 85 and over living at home – Associations with reported somatic symptoms and with consulting behavior . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 25 ( 3 ) : 132 – 140 .
  • Braam , AW , Prince , MJ , Beekman , ATF , Delespaul , P , Dewey , ME Geerlings , SW . 2005 . Physical health and depressive symptoms in older Europeans – Results from EURODEP . British Journal of Psychiatry , 187 : 35 – 42 .
  • Bruce , ML . 2002 . Psychosocial risk factors for depressive disorders in late life . Biological Psychiatry , 52 ( 3 ) : 175 – 184 .
  • Cheung , YB . 2002 . A confirmatory factor analysis of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among older people . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 17 ( 8 ) : 739 – 744 .
  • Cohen , S and Wills , TA . 1985 . Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis . Psychological Bulletin , 98 ( 2 ) : 310 – 357 .
  • Collin , C , Wade , DT , Davies , S and Horne , V . 1988 . The Barthel ADL Index: A reliability study . International Disability Studies , 10 ( 2 ) : 61 – 63 .
  • Couture , M , Lariviere , N and Lefrancois , R . 2005 . Psychological distress in older adults with low functional independence: A multidimensional perspective . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 41 ( 1 ) : 101 – 111 .
  • Cutrona , CE and Russell , DW . 1987 . “ The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress ” . In Advances in personal relationships , Edited by: Jones , WH and Perlman , D . Vol. 1 , 37 – 67 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
  • Cutrona , CE , Russell , DW and Rose , J . 1986 . Social support and adaptation to stress by the elderly . Psychology and Aging , 1 ( 1 ) : 47 – 54 .
  • Dingley , CE , Roux , G and Bush , HA . 2000 . Inner strength: A concept analysis . Journal of Theory Construction & Testing , 4 ( 2 ) : 30 – 35 .
  • Djernes , JK . 2006 . Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: A review . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 113 ( 5 ) : 372 – 387 .
  • Drageset , S and Lindstrom , TC . 2005 . Coping with a possible breast cancer diagnosis: Demographic factors and social support . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 51 ( 3 ) : 217 – 226 .
  • Engedal , K and Haugen , PK . 1993 . The prevalence of dementia in a sample of elderly Norwegians . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 8 ( 7 ) : 565 – 570 .
  • Eriksen , HR , Ihlebaek , C and Ursin , H . 1999 . A scoring system for subjective health complaints (SHC) . Scandinavian Journal of Public Health , 27 ( 1 ) : 63 – 72 .
  • Eriksen , HR and Ursin , H . 1999 . Subjective health complaints: Is coping more important than control? . Work and Stress , 13 ( 3 ) : 238 – 252 .
  • Eriksen , HR and Ursin , H . 2004 . Subjective health complaints, sensitization, and sustained cognitive activation (stress) . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 56 ( 4 ) : 445 – 448 .
  • Eriksson , M and Lindstrom , B . 2005 . Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: A systematic review . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 59 ( 6 ) : 460 – 466 .
  • Eriksson , M and Lindstrom , B . 2006 . Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: A systematic review . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 60 ( 5 ) : 376 – 381 .
  • Feldt , T , Lintula , H , Suominen , S , Koskenvuo , M , Vahtera , J and Kivimäki , M . 2007 . Structural validity and temporal stability of the 13-item sense of coherence scale: Prospective evidence from the population-based HeSSup study . Quality of Life Research , 16 ( 3 ) : 483 – 493 .
  • Feldt , T , Metsäpelto , R , Kinnunen , U and Pulkkinen , L . 2007 . Sense of coherence and five-factor approach to personality . European Psychologist , 12 ( 3 ) : 165 – 172 .
  • Goldberg , D , ed. 1972 . The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire, 21 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Goldberg , D , Oldehinkel , T and Ormel , J . 1998 . Why GHQ threshold varies from one place to another . Psychological Medicine , 28 ( 4 ) : 915 – 921 .
  • Goldberg , D and Williams , P . 1988 . A user's guide to the general health questionnaire , London : Nfer-Nelson .
  • Gottfries , CG . 1998 . Is there a difference between elderly and younger patients with regard to the symptomatology and aetiology of depression? . International Clinical Psychopharmacology , 13 : 13 – 18 .
  • Guralnik , JM . 1996 . Assessing the impact of comorbidity in the older population . Annals of Epidemiology , 6 ( 5 ) : 376 – 380 .
  • Harris , T , Cook , DG , Victor , C , Rink , E , Mann , AH Shah , S . 2003 . Predictors of depressive symptoms in older people – A survey of two general practice populations . Age and Ageing , 32 ( 5 ) : 510 – 518 .
  • Hughes , CP , Berg , L , Danziger , WL , Coben , LA and Martin , RL . 1982 . A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 140 : 566 – 572 .
  • Idler , EL and Benyamini , Y . 1997 . Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 38 ( 1 ) : 21 – 37 .
  • Johnson , M . 2004 . Approaching the salutogenesis of coherence: The role of ‘active’ self-esteem and coping . British Journal of Health Psychology , 9 : 419 – 432 .
  • Kisely , SR and Goldberg , DP . 1996 . Physical and psychiatric comorbidity in general practice . British Journal of Psychiatry , 169 ( 2 ) : 236 – 242 .
  • Kobasa , SC . 1979 . Stressful life events, personality, and health – Inquiry into hardiness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11 .
  • Korotkov , DL . 1993 . An assessment of the (short form) sense of coherence personality measure: Issues of validity and well-being . Personality and Individual Differences , 14 : 575 – 583 .
  • Lang , FR , Rieckmann , N and Baltes , MM . 2002 . Adapting to aging losses: Do resources facilitate strategies of selection, compensation, and optimization in everyday functioning? . Journals of Gerontology Series B – Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 57 ( 6 ) : 501 – 509 .
  • Lazarus , R and Folkman , S . 1984 . Stress, appraisal and coping , New York : Springer .
  • Luthar , SS , Cicchetti , D and Becker , B . 2000 . The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work . Child Development , 71 ( 3 ) : 543 – 562 .
  • Mahoney , FI and Barthel , DW . 1965 . Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index . Maryland State Medical Journal , 14 : 61 – 65 .
  • Malt , UF , Mogstad , TE and Refnin , IB . 1989 . Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire . Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening , 109 ( 13 ) : 1391 – 1394 .
  • Masse , R , Poulin , C , Dassa , C , Lambert , J , Belair , S and Battaglini , A . 1998 . The structure of mental health: Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses of psychological distress and well-being measures . Social Indicators Research , 45 ( 1–3 ) : 475 – 504 .
  • Menchetti , M , Fava , C and Berardi , D . 2001 . Disability associated with depressive symptoms in elderly primary care patients . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Suppl. 7 : 261 – 266 .
  • Minardi , HA and Blanchard , M . 2004 . Older people with depression: Pilot study . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 46 ( 1 ) : 23 – 32 .
  • Morris , JC . 1993 . The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) – Current version and scoring rules . Neurology , 43 ( 11 ) : 2412 – 2414 .
  • Morris , JC . 1997 . Clinical dementia rating: A reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type . International Psychogeriatrics , 9 Suppl 1 : 173 – 176 . discussion 177–178
  • Mossey , JM and Shapiro , E . 1982 . Self-rated health – A predictor of mortality among the elderly . American Journal of Public Health , 72 ( 8 ) : 800 – 808 .
  • Moum , T . 1998 . Mode of administration and interviewer effects in self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression . Social Indicators Research , 45 ( 1–3 ) : 279 – 318 .
  • Nygren , B , Alex , L , Jonsen , E , Gustafson , Y , Norberg , A and Lundman , B . 2005 . Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old . Aging & Mental Health , 9 ( 4 ) : 354 – 362 .
  • Pallant , JE and Lae , L . 2002 . Sense of coherence, well-being, coping, and personality factors: Further evaluation of the sense of coherence scale . Personality and Individual Differences , 33 : 39 – 48 .
  • Papassotiropoulos , A , Heun , R and Maier , W . 1997 . Age and cognitive impairment influence the performance of the general health questionnaire . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 38 ( 6 ) : 335 – 340 .
  • Preville , M , Hebert , R , Bravo , G and Boyer , R . 2002 . Predisposing and facilitating factors of severe psychological distress among frail elderly adults . Canadian Journal on Aging – Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement , 21 ( 2 ) : 195 – 204 .
  • Preville , M , Potvin , L and Boyer , R . 1995 . The structure of psychological distress . Psychological Reports , 77 ( 1 ) : 275 – 293 .
  • Prince , MJ , Harwood , RH , Blizard , RA , Thomas , A and Mann , AH . 1997a . Impairment, disability and handicap as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak Project 5 . Psychological Medicine , 27 ( 2 ) : 311 – 321 .
  • Prince , MJ , Harwood , RH , Blizard , RA , Thomas , A and Mann , AH . 1997b . Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak Project 6 . Psychological Medicine , 27 ( 2 ) : 323 – 332 .
  • Riedel-Heller , SG , Busse , A and Angermeyer , MC . 2006 . The state of mental health in old age across the ‘old’ European Union – A systematic review . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 113 ( 5 ) : 388 – 401 .
  • Rotter , JB . 1966 . Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement . Psychological Monographs , 80 ( 1 ) : 1 – 28 .
  • Sainsbury , A , Seebass , G , Bansal , A and Young , JB . 2005 . Reliability of the Barthel Index when used with older people . Age and Ageing , 34 ( 3 ) : 228 – 232 .
  • Schnyder , U , Buchi , S , Sensky , T and Klaghofer , R . 2000 . Antonovsky's sense of coherence: Trait or state? . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 69 ( 6 ) : 296 – 302 .
  • Schoevers , RA , Beekman , ATF , Deeg , DJH , Geerlings , MI , Jonker , C and Van Tilburg , W . 2000 . Risk factors for depression in later life: Results of a prospective community based study (AMSTEL) . Journal of Affective Disorders , 59 ( 2 ) : 127 – 137 .
  • Snowdon , J . 2001 . Is depression more prevalent in old age? . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 35 ( 6 ) : 782 – 787 .
  • Statistics Norway . 1994 . Standard classification of municipalities 1994
  • Statistics Norway . 2005 . Statistical yearbook of Norway 2005 Retrieved November 5, 2006 from http://www.ssb.no/english/yearbook/2005
  • Staudinger , UM , Marsiske , M and Baltes , PB . 1993 . Resilience and levels of reserve capacity in later adulthood – Perspectives from life-span theory . Development and Psychopathology , 5 ( 4 ) : 541 – 566 .
  • Steunenberg , B , Beekman , ATF , Deeg , DJH and Kerkhof , A . 2006 . Personality and the onset of depression in late life . Journal of Affective Disorders , 92 ( 2–3 ) : 243 – 251 .
  • Sullivan , GC . 1993 . Towards clarification of convergent concepts: Sense of coherence, will to meaning, locus of control, learned helplessness and hardiness . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 18 : 1772 – 1778 .
  • Thygesen , E , Saevareid , HI , Lindstrom , TC , Nygaard , HA and Engedal , K . Predicting needs for nursing home admission – Does sense of coherence delay nursing home admission in care dependent older people? (in press). Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Turner , RJ and Turner , JB . 1999 . “ Social integration and support ” . In Handbook of sociology of mental health , Edited by: Aneshensel , CS and Phelan , J . 301 – 319 . New York : Kluwer Academic .
  • van Hemert , AM , den Heijer , M , Vorstenbosch , M and Bolk , JH . 1995 . Detecting psychiatric disorders in medical practice using the General Health Questionnaire. Why do cutoff scores vary? . Psychological Medicine , 25 ( 1 ) : 165 – 170 .
  • Wade , DT and Collin , C . 1988 . The Barthel ADL Index: A standard measure of physical disability? . International Disability Studies , 10 ( 2 ) : 64 – 67 .
  • Weiss , RS . 1974 . “ The provisions of social relationships ” . In Doing unto others , Edited by: Rubin , Z . 17 – 26 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Wilms , H-U , Kanowski , S and Baltes , MM . 2000 . Limitations in activities of daily living: Towards a better understanding of subthreshold mental disorders in old age . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 41 ( 2 ) : 19 – 25 . supp 1.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.