Olfaction and apathy in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults

References

• Apostolova , L. G. and Cummings , J. L. 2008 . Neuropsychiatric manifestations in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review of the literature . Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , 25 ( 2 ) : 115 – 126 . doi: 000112509 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahar-Fuchs , A. , Moss , S. , Rowe , C. and Savage , G. 2010 . Olfactory performance in AD, aMCI, and healthy ageing: A unirhinal approach . Chemical Senses , 35 ( 9 ) : 855 – 862 . doi: bjq094 [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Boyle , P. A. , Malloy , P. F. , Salloway , S. , Cahn-Weiner , D. A. , Cohen , R. and Cummings , J. L. 2003 . Executive dysfunction and apathy predict functional impairment in Alzheimer disease . The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 11 ( 2 ) : 214 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler , M. J. , Lacritz , L. H. , Hynan , L. S. , Barnard , H. D. , Allen , G. , Deschner , M. and Cullum , C. M. 2005 . A total score for the CERAD neuropsychological battery . Neurology , 65 ( 1 ) : 102 – 106 . doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000167607.63000.38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer , C. K. , Friedman , J. H. and Amick , M. M. 2010 . Olfaction and apathy in Parkinson's disease . Parkinsonism and Related Disorders , 16 ( 2 ) : 124 – 126 . doi: S1353-8020(09)00226-0 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings , J. L. , Mega , M. , Gray , K. , Rosenberg-Thompson , S. , Carusi , D. A. and Gornbein , J. 1994 . The neuropsychiatric inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia . Neurology , 44 ( 12 ) : 2308 – 2314 . doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.12.2308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devanand , D. P. , Tabert , M. H. , Cuasay , K. , Manly , J. J. , Schupf , N. , Brickman , A. M. and Mayeux , R. 2010 . Olfactory identification deficits and MCI in a multi-ethnic elderly community sample . Neurobiology of Aging , 31 ( 9 ) : 1593 – 1600 . doi: S0197-4580(08)00331-X [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Di Iulio , F. , Palmer , K. , Blundo , C. , Casini , A. R. , Gianni , W. , Caltagirone , C. and Spalletta , G. 2010 . Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment subtypes . International Psychogeriatrics , 22 ( 4 ) : 629 – 640 . doi: S1041610210000281 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djordjevic , J. , Jones-Gotman , M. , De Sousa , K. and Chertkow , H. 2008 . Olfaction in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease . Neurobiology of Aging , 29 ( 5 ) : 693 – 706 . S0197-4580(06)00437-4 [pii] doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty , R. L. 1997 . Studies of human olfaction from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center . Chemical Senses , 22 ( 5 ) : 565 – 586 . doi: 10.1093/chemse/22.5.565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty , R. L. , Shaman , P. , Applebaum , S. L. , Giberson , R. , Siksorski , L. and Rosenberg , L. 1984 . Smell identification ability: Changes with age . Science , 226 ( 4681 ) : 1441 – 1443 . doi: 10.1126/science.6505700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty , R. L. , Shaman , P. and Dann , M. 1984 . Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: A standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function . Physiology and Behavior , 32 ( 3 ) : 489 – 502 . doi: 0031-9384(84)90269-5 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drijgers , R. L. , Verhey , F. R. , Leentjens , A. F. , Kohler , S. and Aalten , P. 2011 . Neuropsychological correlates of apathy in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: The role of executive functioning . International Psychogeriatrics , 23 ( 8 ) : 1327 – 1333 . doi: S1041610211001037 [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Glinka , M. E. , Samuels , B. A. , Diodato , A. , Teillon , J. , Feng Mei , D. , Shykind , B. M. and Fleischmann , A. 2012 . Olfactory deficits cause anxiety-like behaviors in mice . Journal of Neuroscience , 32 ( 19 ) : 6718 – 6725 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4287-11.2012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummel , T. , Sekinger , B. , Wolf , S. R. , Pauli , E. and Kobal , G. 1997 . ‘Sniffin’ sticks’: Olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold . Chemical Senses , 22 ( 1 ) : 39 – 52 . doi: 10.1093/chemse/22.1.39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobal , G. , Hummel , T. , Sekinger , B. , Barz , S. , Roscher , S. and Wolf , S. 1996 . “Sniffin’ sticks”: Screening of olfactory performance . Rhinology , 34 ( 4 ) : 222 – 226 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lach , H. W. , Chang , Y. P. and Edwards , D. 2010 . Can older adults with dementia accurately report depression using brief forms? Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale . Journal of Gerontological Nursing , 36 ( 5 ) : 30 – 37 . doi: 10.3928/00989134-20100303-01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landes , A. M. , Sperry , S. D. , Strauss , M. E. and Geldmacher , D. S. 2001 . Apathy in Alzheimer's disease . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 49 ( 12 ) : 1700 – 1707 . doi: 49282 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavretsky , H. , Kurbanyan , K. , Ballmaier , M. , Mintz , J. , Toga , A. and Kumar , A. 2004 . Sex differences in brain structure in geriatric depression . The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 12 ( 6 ) : 653 – 657 . doi: 12/6/653 [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Lehrner , J. , Pusswald , G. , Gleiss , A. , Auff , E. and Dal-Bianco , P. 2009 . Odor identification and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with subtypes of mild cognitive impairment . Clinical Neuropsychology , 23 ( 5 ) : 818 – 830 . doi: 908667935 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leontjevas , R. , Evers-Stephan , A. , Smalbrugge , M. , Pot , A. M. , Thewissen , V. , Gerritsen , D. L. and Koopmans , R. T. 2012 . A comparative validation of the Abbreviated Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-10) With the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Apathy Subscale Against Diagnostic Criteria of Apathy . Journal of the American Medicine Directions Association , 13 ( 3 ) : e301 – 306 . doi: S1525-8610(11)00214-3 [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Levy , M. L. , Cummings , J. L. , Fairbanks , L. A. , Masterman , D. , Miller , B. L. , Craig , A. H. and Litvan , I. 1998 . Apathy is not depression . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience , 10 ( 3 ) : 314 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , G. A. , Monserratt , L. , Harwood , D. , Mandelkern , M. , Cummings , J. L. and Sultzer , D. L. 2007 . Positron emission tomography metabolic correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease . Archives of Neurology , 64 ( 7 ) 1015–1020. doi: 64/7/1015 [pii]
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , C. , Schubert , C. R. , Cruickshanks , K. J. , Klein , B. E. , Klein , R. and Nondahl , D. M. 2002 . Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults . JAMA , 288 ( 18 ) : 2307 – 2312 . doi: joc20407 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott , B. R. , Tate , C. A. , Gordon , N. M. and Heindel , W. C. 1996 . Gender differences in the behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 44 ( 5 ) : 583 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , K. , Di Iulio , F. , Varsi , A. E. , Gianni , W. , Sancesario , G. , Caltagirone , C. and Spalletta , G. 2010 . Neuropsychiatric predictors of progression from amnestic-mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: The role of depression and apathy . Journal of Alzheimer's Diseases , 20 ( 1 ) : 175 – 183 . doi: 9265L70K50T31120 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ready , R. E. , Ott , B. R. , Grace , J. and Cahn-Weiner , D. A. 2003 . Apathy and executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease . The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 11 ( 2 ) : 222 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick , S. M. , Lamar , M. and Driscoll , I. 2007 . Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, , 1121 : 562 – 575 . doi: annals.1401.027 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert , P. , Onyike , C. U. , Leentjens , A. F. , Dujardin , K. , Aalten , P. , Starkstein , S. and Byrne , J. 2009 . Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders . European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists , 24 ( 2 ) : 98 – 104 . doi: S0924-9338(08)01608-8 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert , P. H. , Berr , C. , Volteau , M. , Bertogliati , C. , Benoit , M. , Sarazin , M. and Dubois , B. 2006 . Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease: A one-year follow-up study . Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery , 108 ( 8 ) : 733 – 736 . doi: S0303-8467(06)00027-8 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royet , J. P. , Plailly , J. , Delon-Martin , C. , Kareken , D. A. and Segebarth , C. 2003 . fMRI of emotional responses to odors: Influence of hedonic valence and judgment, handedness, and gender . Neuroimage , 20 ( 2 ) : 713 – 728 . doi: 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00388-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ship , J. A. and Weiffenbach , J. M. 1993 . Age, gender, medical treatment, and medication effects on smell identification . Journal of Gerontology , 48 ( 1 ) : M26 – M32 . doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.1.M26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soudry , Y. , Lemogne , C. , Malinvaud , D. , Consoli , S. M. and Bonfils , P. 2011 . Olfactory system and emotion: Common substrates . European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases , 128 ( 1 ) : 18 – 23 . [Review] doi: 10. 1016/j.anorl.2010.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Jorge , R. , Mizrahi , R. and Robinson , R. G. 2006 . A prospective longitudinal study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 77 ( 1 ) : 8 – 11 . doi: 77/1/8 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockhorst , U. and Pietrowsky , R. 2004 . Olfactory perception, communication, and the nose-to-brain pathway . Physiology and Behavior , 83 ( 1 ) : 3 – 11 . doi: S0031-9384(04)00343-9 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesson , D. W. , Wilson , D. A. and Nixon , R. A. 2010 . Should olfactory dysfunction be used as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease? . Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , 10 ( 5 ) : 633 – 635 . doi: 10.1586/ern.10.33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westervelt , H. J. , Bruce , J. M. , Coon , W. G. and Tremont , G. 2008 . Odor identification in mild cognitive impairment subtypes . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 30 ( 2 ) : 151 – 156 . doi: 10.1080/13803390701287408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzels , R. B. , Zuidema , S. U. , de Jonghe , J. F. , Verhey , F. R. and Koopmans , R. T. 2010 . Course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in residents with dementia in nursing homes over 2-year period . . The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 18 ( 12 ) : 1054 – 1065 . [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t] doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181f60fa1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. , Arnold , S. E. , Schneider , J. A. , Boyle , P. A. , Buchman , A. S. and Bennett , D. A. 2009 . Olfactory impairment in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease . Annals of the New York Academy of Science , 1170 : 730 – 735 . doi: NYAS04013 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. , Schneider , J. A. , Arnold , S. E. , Tang , Y. , Boyle , P.A. and Bennett , D. A. 2007 . Olfactory identification and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in older age . Archives of General Psychiatry , 64 ( 7 ) : 802 – 808 . doi: 64/7/802 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar