Facilitating change in health-related behaviors and intentions: a randomized controlled trial of a multidimensional memory program for older adults^†

References

• Ahmed , S. , Mitchell , J. , Arnold , R. , Dawson , K. , Nestor , P. J. and Hodges , J. R. 2008 . Memory complaints in mild cognitive impairment, worried well, and semantic dementia patients . Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , 22 : 227 – 235 . doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31816bbd27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottiroli , S. , Cavallini , E. and Vecchi , T . 2008 . Long-term effects of memory training in the elderly: A longitudinal study . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 47 : 277 – 289 . doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , M. C. , Saczynski , J. S. , Rebok , G. W. , Seeman , T. , Glass , T. A. , McGill , S. and Fried , L. P . 2008 . Exploring the effects of an ‘everyday’ activity program on executive function and memory in older adults: Experience Corps . The Gerontologist , 48 : 793 – 801 . doi: 10.1017/S135561771100169x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallini , E. , Pagnin , A. and Vecchi , T . 2002 . The rehabilitation of memory in old age: Effects of mnemonics and metacognition in strategic training . Clinical Gerontologist , 26 : 125 – 141 . doi: 10.1300/J018v26n01_11
   Google Scholar
• Clare , L. , Wilson , B. A. , Breen , K. and Hodges , J. R . 1999 . Errorless learning of face-name associations in early Alzheimer's disease . Neurocase , 5 : 37 – 46 . doi: 10.1080/13554799908404063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , R. J. and Sackett , D. L . 1995 . The number needed to treat: A clinically useful measure of treatment effect . British Medical Journal , 310 : 452 – 454 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I.M. and Lockhart , R. S . 1972 . Levels of processing: A framework for memory research . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 11 : 671 – 684 . doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , K. I. , Voss , M. W. , Prakash , R. S. , Basak , C. , Szabo , A. , Chaddock , L. and Kramer , A. F . 2011 . “ Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory ” . In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 108 , 3017 – 3022 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015950108
   Google Scholar
• Fairchild , J. K. and Scogin , F. R . 2010 . Training to Enhance Adult Memory (TEAM): An investigation of the effectiveness of a memory training program with older adults . Aging & Mental Health , 14 : 364 – 373 . doi: 10.1080/13607860903311733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flöel , A. , Witte , A. V. , Lohmann , H. , Wersching , H. , Ringelstein , E. B. , Berger , K. and Knecht , S . 2008 . Lifestyle and memory in the elderly . Neuroepidemiology , 31 : 39 – 47 . doi: 10.1159/000137378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M . 1999 . Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans . American Psychologist , 54 : 493 – 503 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , C. S. and Bavelier , D . 2008 . Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning . Psychology and Aging , 23 : 692 – 701 . doi: 10.1037/a0014345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , A. L. , Parisi , J. M. , Spira , A. P. , Kuider , A. M. , Ko , J. Y. , Saczynski , J. S. and Rebok , G. W . 2012 . Memory training interventions for older adults: A meta-analysis . Aging & Mental Health , 16 : 722 – 734 . doi: 10.1080/13607863.2012.667783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , A. L. and Rebok , G. W . 2011 . Memory training and strategy use in older adults: Results from the ACTIVE study . Psychology and Aging , 26 : 503 – 517 . doi: 10.1037/a0022687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertzog , C. , Kramer , A. F. , Wilson , R. S. and Lindenberger , U . 2008 . Enrichment effects on adult cognitive development: Can the functional capacity of older adults be preserved and enhanced . Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 9 : 1 – 65 . doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hohaus , L . 2007 . Remembering to age successfully: Evaluation of a successful aging approach to memory enhancement . International Psychogeriatrics , 19 : 137 – 150 . doi: 10.1017/S1041610206003760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogenhout , E. M. , de Groot , R. H.M. , van der Elst , W. and Jolles , J . 2012 . Effects of a comprehensive educational group intervention in older women with cognitive complaints: A randomized controlled trial . Aging & Mental Health , 16 : 135 – 144 . doi: 10.1080/13607863.2011.598846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyer , W. J. and Verhaeghen , P . 2006 . “ Memory aging ” . In Handbook of the psychology of aging , Edited by: Birren , J. E. and Schaie , K. W. 209 – 232 . Amsterdam : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , M. M.S . 1997 . Individual differences in the voluntary use of a memory aid during decision making . Experimental Aging Research , 23 : 33 – 43 . doi: 10.1080/03610739708254025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney , P. M. , Whelton , M. , Reynolds , K. , Muntner , P. , Whelton , P. K. and He , J . 2005 . Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data . Lancet , 365 : 217 – 213 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight , R. , McMahon , J. , Green , T. and Skeaff , M . 2004 . Some normative and psychometric data for the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire from a sample of healthy older persons . New Zealand Journal of Psychology , 33 : 163 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachman , M. E. , Bandura , M. , Weaver , S. L. and Elliott , E . 1995 . Assessing memory control beliefs: The Memory Controllability Inventory . Aging and Cognition , 2 : 67 – 84 . doi: 10.1080/13825589508256589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landauer , T. K. and Bjork , R. A . 1978 . “ Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning ” . In Practical aspects of memory , Edited by: Gruneberg , M. M. , Morris , P. E. and Sykes , R. N. 625 – 632 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• LaRue , A. , Bank , L. , Jarvik , L. and Hetland , M . 1979 . Health in old age: How do physicians’ ratings and self-ratings compare . Journal of Gerontology , 34 : 687 – 691 . doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.5.687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDaniel , M. A. and Bugg , J. M . 2012 . Memory training interventions: What has been forgotten . Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , 1 : 45 – 50 . doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2011.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hara , R. , Brooks , J. O. III , Friedman , L. , Schröder , C. M. , Morgan , K. S. and Kraemer , H. C . 2007 . Long-term effects of mnemonic training in community-dwelling older adults . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 41 : 585 – 590 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Old , S. R. and Naveh-Benjamin , M . 2008 . Differential effects of age on item and associative measures of memory: A meta-analysis . Psychology and Aging , 23 : 104 – 118 . doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , D. C. , Gutchess , A. H. , Meade , M. L. and Stine-Morrow , E. A.L . 2007 . Improving cognitive function in older adults: Nontraditional approaches . Journals of Gerontology: Series B , 62B : 45 – 52 . doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.special_issue_1.45
   Google Scholar
• Patton , G. W.R. and Meit , M. 1993 . Effect of aging on prospective and incidental memory . Experimental Aging Research , 19 : 165 – 176 . doi: 10.1080/03610739308253929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preiss , M. , Lukavský , J. and Steinová , D . 2010 . Decreased self-reported cognitive failures after memory training . Educational Gerontology , 36 : 798 – 808 . doi: 10.1080/03601270903534655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman , A. J. , Baldwin , A. S. and Hertel , A. W . 2004 . “ Self-regulation and behavior change: Disentangling behavioral initiation and behavioral maintenance ” . In Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications , Edited by: Baumeister , R. F. and Vohs , K. D. 130 – 148 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sheikh , J. I. and Yesavage , J. A . 1986 . Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version . Clinical Gerontologist , 5 : 165 – 173 . doi: 10.1300/J018v05n01_09
   Google Scholar
• Small , G. W. , Silverman , D. H.S. , Siddarth , P. , Ercoli , L. M. , Miller , K. J. , Lavretsky , H. and Phelps , M. E . 2006 . Effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and brain function . American Journal of Psychiatry , 14 : 538 – 545 . doi: 10.1097/01.JGP.0000219279.72210.ca
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stine-Morrow , E. A.L. , Parisi , J. M. , Morrow , D. G. and Park , D. C . 2008 . The effects of an engaged lifestyle on cognitive vitality: A field experiment . Psychology and Aging , 23 : 778 – 786 . doi: 10.1037/a0014341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer , A. K . 2001 . Improving memory knowledge, satisfaction, and functioning via an education and intervention program for older adults . Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , 8 : 256 – 268 . doi: 10.1076/anec.8.4.256.5642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer , A. K. , Häfliger , A. , Cadieux , M. J. and Craik , F. I.M . 2006 . Name and face learning in older adults: Effects of level of processing, self-generation, and intention to learn . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 61B : 67 – 74 . doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.2.P67
   Google Scholar
• Troyer , A. K. , Murphy , K. J. , Anderson , N. D. , Moscovitch , M. and Craik , F. I.M . 2008 . Changing everyday memory behaviour in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 18 : 65 – 88 . doi: 10.1080/09602010701409684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer , A. K. and Rich , J. B . 2002 . Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 57B : 19 – 27 . doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.1.P19
   Google Scholar
• Troyer , A. K. and Vandermorris , S . 2012 . Memory and Aging Program: Leader's Manual , Toronto : Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , M. L. and Pinkston , R. S . 1993 . Effects of a memory and aging workshop on negative beliefs of memory loss in the elderly . Educational Gerontology , 19 : 359 – 373 . doi: 10.1080/0360127930190501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa , K. K. and Abeles , N . 2000 . Broad spectrum intervention and the remediation of prospective memory declines in the able elderly . Aging and Mental Health , 4 : 21 – 29 . doi: 10.1080/13607860055937
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , P. J. , Phillips , W. , Radford , M. and Hornsby , J. L . 1995 . Frequent use of medical services: Patient reports of intentions to seek care . Archives of Family Medicine , 4 : 594 – 599 . doi: 10.1001/archfami.4.7.594
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wahlin , Å. , Maitland , S. B. , Bäckman , L. and Dixon , R. A . 2003 . Interrelations between subjective health and episodic memory change in Swedish and Canadian samples of older adults . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 57 : 21 – 35 . doi: 10.2190/9vaa-kmyv-u2hu-pvaw
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver Cargin , J. , Collie , A. , Masters , C. and Maruff , P . 2008 . The nature of cognitive complaints in healthy older adults with and without subjective memory decline . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 30 : 245 – 257 . doi: 10.1080/13803390701377829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh , K. A. , Breitner , J. C.S. and Magruder-Habib , K. M . 1993 . Detection of dementia in the elderly using telephone screening of cognitive status . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 6 : 103 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• West , R. L . 1995 . “ Compensatory strategies for age-associated memory impairment ” . In Handbook of memory disorders , Edited by: Baddeley , A. D. , Wilson , B. A. and Watts , F. N. 481 – 500 . Oxford : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• West , R. L . 2012 . A commentary on historical and innovative approaches to memory intervention for older adults . Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , 1 : 53 – 55 . doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2011.12.003
   Google Scholar
• West , R. L. , Bagwell , D. K. and Dark-Freudeman , A . 2008 . Self-efficacy and memory aging: The impact of a memory intervention based on self-efficacy . Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , 15 : 302 – 329 . doi: 10.1080/13825580701440510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild , S. , Roglic , G. , Green , A. , Sicree , R. and King , H . 2004 . Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030 . Diabetes Care , 27 : 1047 – 1053 . doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , N. , Hendry , M. , France , B. , Lewis , R. and Wilkinson , C . 2007 . Effectiveness of exercise-referral schemes to promote physical activity in adults: systematic review . British Journal of General Practice , 57 : 979 – 986 . doi: 10.3399/096016407782604866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yassuda , M. S. and Nunes , P. V . 2009 . Innovative psychosocial approaches in old age psychiatry . Current Opinion in Psychiatry , 22 : 527 – 531 . doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283304128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar